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Topic Review
Synthesis of 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid
The most versatile furanic building block for chemical and polymer applications is 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid. However, the classical 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid production methodology has been found to have significant drawbacks that hinder industrial-scale production.  The following content highlights new alternative methods to synthesize 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid that are both more advantageous and attractive than conventional oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Various Uses of Lycopene
Lycopene is a carotenoid abundantly found in red vegetables. This natural pigment displays an important role in human biological systems due to its excellent antioxidant and health-supporting functions, which show a protective effect against cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, cancers, and diabetes.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Graphene-Based Strategies for Viral Diseases
The occurrence of new pandemic  viruses, such as SARS-CoV-1 (2003), MERS-CoV (2012) and SARS-CoV-2 (2019) has  indicated an urgent need for diagnostic tools able to reliably identify infected individuals and to determine if the infection is in the acute phase. Although nanotechnology based on graphene has been poorly applied for the rapid diagnosis of viral diseases, the extraordinary properties of graphene have been recently exploited for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Novel graphene-based field-effect transistor (GFET) biosensors were developed for the quantitative detection of viral RNA and viral spike protein. The fabrication of COVID-19 FET sensor for spike protein recognition is based on the integration of the SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody with graphene, whereas the GFET sensor for viral RNA recognition exploited the CRISPR/Cas biotechnology.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Fermentation (Food)
Fermentation typically refers to the conversion of sugar to alcohol using yeast. However, a more appropriate definition would be the chemical conversion of carbohydrates into alcohols or acids. The process is used to produce wine, beer and leavened bread, but fermentation is also employed in preservation to create lactic acid in sour foods such as pickled cucumbers, kimchi and yogurt. The science of fermentation is known as zymology.
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Pyrazino[1,2-a]Indoles
The pyrazino[1,2-a]indole unit is a tricyclic aromatic nucleus combining an indole and a pyrazine linked by the N5 and C9a atoms. The Synthesis and Biological Activities of Pyrazino[1,2-a]Indole and Pyrazino[1,2-a]Indol-1-One Derivatives is presented.
  • 1.1K
  • 10 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Thermal Analysis to 3D Printing
Thermal analysis (TA) comprises various measuring techniques with a common feature: the measure of the material response when heated or cooled (or, in some cases, held isothermally).
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Shape-Memory Polymeric Artificial Muscles
Shape-memory polymers (SMPs) are intelligent materials capable of sensing an external stimulus and entering a transient state according to a stimulus-response, and finally recovering to the initial state through a recovery process, known as the shape memory effect. 
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Covalent Organic Framework Composites
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline, porous materials formed by the self-assembly of organic building blocks. Composite materials containing COFs have raised increasing interest. To date, various synthesis techniques have emerged that allow for the preparation of crystalline and porous COF composites with different materials offering highly efficient tools for analytical applications.
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Three-Component Ring Transformation
The ring transformation is a synthetic method for cyclic products including transfer of the partial structure of a cyclic substrate to a reagent, constructing a new ring system. When one substrate and two reagents are used to form a cyclic structure, it is called three-component ring transformation.
  • 1.1K
  • 10 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Magnetic Materials for Electrical Machines
Additive manufacturing has many advantages over traditional manufacturing methods and has been increasingly used in medical, aerospace, and automotive applications. The flexibility of additive manufacturing technologies to fabricate complex geometries from copper, polymer, and ferrous materials presents unique opportunities for new design concepts and improved machine power density without significantly increasing production and prototyping cost. Topology optimization investigates the optimal distribution of single or multiple materials within a defined design space, and can lead to unique geometries not realizable with conventional optimization techniques. As an enabling technology, additive manufacturing provides an opportunity for machine designers to overcome the current manufacturing limitation that inhibit adoption of topology optimization. Successful integration of additive manufacturing and topology optimization for fabricating magnetic components for electrical machines can enable new tools for electrical machine designers. This article presents a comprehensive review of the latest achievements in the application of additive manufacturing, topology optimization, and their integration for electrical machines and their magnetic components.
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Feb 2021
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