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Topic Review
Gut-Antimicrobial Peptides
Due to huge diversity and dynamic competition, the human gut microbiome produces a diverse array of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that play an important role in human health. The gut microbiome has an important role in maintaining gut homeostasis by the AMPs and by interacting with other human organs via established connections such as the gut–lung, and gut–brain axis. Additionally, gut AMPs play a synergistic role with other gut microbiota and antimicrobials to maintain gut homeostasis by fighting against multi-antibiotic resistance (MAR) bacteria. 
  • 382
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Advanced Omics Techniques for Cochlear Research
Advanced genomics, transcriptomics, and epigenomics techniques are providing unprecedented insights into the understanding of the molecular underpinnings of the central nervous system, including the neuro-sensory cochlea of the inner ear. 
  • 117
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Inferior Vena Cava Leiomyosarcoma
Leiomyosarcomas (LMSs) are malignant neoplasms of soft muscle differentiation that can be classified into five distinct groups according to site-related origin: intra-abdominal, subcutaneous or deep soft tissue of the limbs, cutaneous, external genitalia, and vascular.
  • 171
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Post-Translational Role of UFMylation in Physiology and Disease
Ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1) is a newly identified ubiquitin-like protein that has been conserved during the evolution of multicellular organisms. In a similar manner to ubiquitin, UFM1 can become covalently linked to the lysine residue of a substrate via a dedicated enzymatic cascade. Although a limited number of substrates have been identified so far, UFM1 modification (UFMylation) has been demonstrated to play a vital role in a variety of cellular activities, including mammalian development, ribosome biogenesis, the DNA damage response, endoplasmic reticulum stress responses, immune responses, and tumorigenesis.
  • 218
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
PGT-M for Premature Ovarian Failure
Primary ovarian failure (POF) is caused by follicle exhaustion and is associated with menstrual irregularities and elevated gonadotropin levels, which lead to infertility before the age of 40 years. The etiology of POI is mostly unknown, but a heterogeneous genetic and familial background can be identified in a subset of cases. Abnormalities in the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene (FMR1) are among the most prevalent monogenic causes of POI. These abnormalities are caused by the expansion of an unstable CGG repeat in the 5′ untranslated region of FMR1. Expansions over 200 repeats cause fragile X syndrome (FXS), whereas expansions between 55 and 200 CGG repeats, which are defined as a fragile X premutation, have been associated with premature ovarian failure type 1 (POF1) in heterozygous females. Preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic diseases (PGT-M) can be proposed when the female carries a premutation or a full mutation. 
  • 132
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Problems in Paddy Procurement System in Bangladesh
Bangladesh derives one-half of its agricultural GDP and one-sixth of its national income from paddy. It is crucial to the farmers’ ability to survive. The majority of farmers in Bangladesh are classified as middle- or low-income. They must frequently take out loans to cultivate paddy. Moreover, they are compelled to sell their paddy at a lower price immediately after harvesting for primarily two reasons: the lack of storage facilities; and the immediate need for money to pay back loans taken out to buy labour, seeds, fertiliser, insecticides, and other necessities, and to fund daily costs.
  • 427
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Gel-Based Membranes
Gel-based membranes, a fusion of polymer networks and liquid components, have emerged as versatile tools in a variety of technological domains thanks to their unique structural and functional attributes. Historically rooted in basic filtration tasks, advancements in synthetic strategies have increased the mechanical strength, selectivity, and longevity of these membranes.
  • 295
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Transport of Nanoparticles into Plants
The transport of matter into plants, also known as plant uptake, is a crucial process for the growth and development of plants. Plants require various essential nutrients, water, and gases for their survival and growth. The transport in plants extends beyond water, nutrients, and gases, encompassing the movement of various particles or nanoparticles, as well as other exogenous materials. This includes genetic material such as double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Nanoparticles can be transported into plants for several reasons, often as a result of environmental exposure or as a part of research and development efforts. The transport of nanoparticles into plants can have various implications, both beneficial and potentially concerning, depending on the type of nanoparticles and the intended purpose. 
  • 289
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Nutritional Importance of Lentils
The legume family includes approximately 19,300 species across three large subfamilies, of which Papilionoideae stands out with 13,800 species. Lentils were one of the first crops to be domesticated by humans. They are diploid legumes that belong to the Papilionoidea subfamily and are of agricultural importance because of their resistance to drought and the fact that they grow in soil with a pH range of 5.5–9; therefore, they are cultivated in various types of soil, and so they have an important role in sustainable food and feed systems in many countries. In addition to their agricultural importance, lentils are a rich source of protein, carbohydrates, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. They are key to human nutrition since they are an alternative to animal proteins, decreasing meat consumption. 
  • 252
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Applications of Bacillus subtilis Spores
Bacillus subtilis spores offer several advantages that make them attractive for protein display. They can be used in a wide array of biotechnological and industrial applications such as vaccines, bioabsorbants to remove toxic chemicals, whole-cell catalysts, bioremediation, and biosensors. Lastly, spores are easily produced in large quantities, have a good safety record, and can be used as additives in foods and drugs.
  • 121
  • 18 Jan 2024
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