Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
In Utero Origins of Acute Leukemia in Children
Acute leukemias, mainly consisting of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), comprise a major diagnostic group among hematologic cancers. Due to the early age at onset of ALL, particularly, it has long been suspected that acute leukemias of childhood may have an in utero origin. 
  • 227
  • 23 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Molecular Mechanisms Induced by Human Papillomavirus
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and, specifically, high-risk HPVs (HR-HPVs) are identified as necessary factors in the development of cancer of the lower genital tract, with CaCU standing out as the most prevalent tumor. The mechanisms activated by HR-HPVs during cervical carcinogenesis involve infection by human papillomavirus, cellular tropism, genetic predisposition to uterine cervical cancer (CaCU), viral load, viral physical state, regulation of epigenetic mechanisms, loss of function of the E2 protein, deregulated expression of E6/E7 oncogenes, regulation of host cell protein function, and acquisition of the mesenchymal phenotype.
  • 157
  • 23 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Digital PCR for Single-Cell Analysis
Single-cell analysis provides an overwhelming strategy for revealing cellular heterogeneity and new perspectives for understanding the biological function and disease mechanism. Moreover, it promotes the basic and clinical research in many fields at a single-cell resolution. A digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) is an absolute quantitative analysis technology with high sensitivity and precision for DNA/RNA or protein. With the development of microfluidic technology, digital PCR has been used to achieve absolute quantification of single-cell gene expression and single-cell proteins. For single-cell specific-gene or -protein detection, digital PCR has shown great advantages. 
  • 153
  • 23 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Innate Immunity and COVID-19 Vaccines
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to almost seven million deaths worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 causes infection through respiratory transmission and can occur either without any symptoms or with clinical manifestations which can be mild, severe or, in some cases, even fatal. Innate immunity provides the initial defense against the virus by sensing pathogen-associated molecular patterns and triggering signaling pathways that activate the antiviral and inflammatory responses, which limit viral replication and help the identification and removal of infected cells. 
  • 227
  • 23 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Secondary Metabolites of Mangrove-Associated Strains of Talaromyces
Boosted by the general aim of exploiting the biotechnological potential of the microbial component of biodiversity, research on the secondary metabolite production of endophytic fungi has remarkably increased. Novel compounds and bioactivities have resulted from this work, which has stimulated a more thorough consideration of various natural ecosystems as conducive contexts for the discovery of new drugs. Thriving at the frontier between land and sea, mangrove forests represent one of the most valuable areas in this respect. 
  • 174
  • 23 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence for Academic Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products
Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs), encompassing cell and gene therapies, hold immense promise in revolutionizing treatment options for numerous diseases. However, the translation of these innovative therapies from research to clinical practice faces formidable challenges, necessitating the establishment of specialized manufacturing facilities within hospital settings. Hospital-based Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) facilities offer a unique advantage by enabling rapid bench-to-bedside development and direct patient access, yet their implementation necessitates significant adaptation within healthcare infrastructures, constrained by spatial limitations, regulatory requirements, and resource allocation. Key considerations and solutions for overcoming these challenges are paramount for realizing the full potential of ATMPs. Proximity afforded by on-site manufacturing facilitates direct delivery to patients, mitigating risks associated with transportation and ensuring timely access to cutting-edge therapies. Moreover, aligning production schedules with clinical demands enhances flexibility and responsiveness to patient needs. However, the integration of pharmaceutical manufacturing within hospital environments necessitates addressing critical gaps in staff training, documentation practices, and oversight, which are inherent to the highly regulated pharmaceutical industry. Significant investments in infrastructure, specialized equipment, personnel training, and multi-departmental coordination are indispensable for establishing and maintaining robust hospital ATMP facilities. Embracing technological advancements, such as process analytical technology (PAT), continuous manufacturing, and artificial intelligence (AI), holds immense potential in bolstering the efficiency, quality, and safety of ATMP production processes. AI, in particular, offers the capability to analyze vast datasets generated during manufacturing, facilitating real-time prediction of product quality attributes and enabling automated adjustments through feedback control mechanisms. Despite these technological advancements, challenges persist in integrating AI into pharmaceutical manufacturing due to concerns regarding data security, regulatory compliance, and the requisite multidisciplinary collaboration. Successful adoption of AI technologies necessitates simultaneous investment in human capital to ensure effective implementation and governance. Ultimately, the convergence of innovative manufacturing technologies and synergistic partnerships across disciplines is paramount for realizing the transformative potential of ATMPs, ensuring their responsible translation from research to clinical impact while maximizing therapeutic safety and efficacy.
  • 144
  • 23 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Selective Vulnerability to Neurodegenerative Disease
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) manifest a wide variety of clinical symptoms depending on the affected brain regions. Gaining insights into why certain regions are resistant while others are susceptible is vital for advancing therapeutic strategies. While gene expression changes offer clues about disease responses across brain regions, the mixture of cell types therein obscures experimental results. 
  • 159
  • 23 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Inflammatory Biomarkers and Gait Impairment in Older Adults
Peripheral inflammation and gait speed alterations are common in several neurological disorders and in the aging process, but the association between the two is not well established. Biomarkers play an important role in the decision-making process, and IL-6 can be an effective biomarker in establishing the diagnosis of slow gait speed. Further longitudinal research is needed to establish the use of molecular biomarkers in monitoring gait impairment.
  • 243
  • 23 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Mycorrhiza in Pines
Mycorrhiza is one of the fundamental phenomena of nature, characteristic of land plants from the moment of their formation, representing a form of symbiosis between plants, fungi, and bacteria.
  • 276
  • 22 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Reciprocal Effects of Metal Mixtures on Phytoplankton
Phytoplankton are a key part of marine and freshwater ecosystems as primary producers of the food web. They are exceptional in their role in heavy metals bioremediation. Algae and cyanobacteria when exposed to metals in mixture, show altered responses as compared to the single metal exposure. Algal parameters such as growth, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, metal uptake and metabolism, or lipid profile are commonly determined to find out the level of stress in algal cells resulting from heavy metals. Phytoplankton have several pathways of metal entry, detoxification and tolerance. It is essential to estimate reciprocal toxicity of metals as in real-time, metals are released in the environment in bulk (reciprocal effects). Phytoplankton can be a powerful tool in such risk assessments. 
  • 149
  • 22 Feb 2024
  • Page
  • of
  • 1814
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Video Production Service
Feedback