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Topic Review
Stem Cells and Bone Tissue Engineering
Segmental bone defects that are caused by trauma, infection, tumor resection, or osteoporotic fractures present significant surgical treatment challenges. Host bone autograft is considered the gold standard for restoring function but comes with the cost of harvest site comorbidity. Allograft bone is a secondary option but has its own limitations in the incorporation with the host bone as well as its cost. Therefore, developing new bone tissue engineering strategies to treat bone defects is critically needed.
  • 264
  • 27 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Nutraceutical Properties of Syringic Acid in Civilization Diseases
Civilization diseases account for a worldwide health issue. They result from daily behavioral, environmental, and genetic factors. One of the most significant opportunities to prevent and alleviate the occurrence of these diseases is a diet rich in antioxidants like polyphenols. Providing bioactive compounds may exert a favorable effect on preventing the risk of civilization diseases. The prominent groups of bioactive compounds are phenolic acids, which belong to polyphenols that are widely distributed in plants. Phenolic acids are found in fruits, vegetables, whole grain products, and beverages such as green and black tea and coffee. One crucial example of phenolic acids is syringic acid (SA).
  • 196
  • 27 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Allelic Variations within Vrn-Genes at Different Ploidy Levels
Rapid climate changes, with higher warming rates during winter and spring seasons, dramatically affect the vernalization requirements, one of the most critical processes for the induction of wheat reproductive growth, with severe consequences on flowering time, grain filling, and grain yield. Specifically, the Vrn genes play a major role in the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth in wheat. Recent advances in wheat genomics have significantly improved the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of Vrn genes (Vrn-1, Vrn-2, Vrn-3, and Vrn-4), unveiling a diverse array of natural allelic variations.
  • 116
  • 27 Feb 2024
Topic Review
British Sheep Breed Diversity
The UK can be proud of the fact that numerous native breeds of sheep have been developed here that possess unique phenotypic features and excellent productivity and are utilized throughout the world. Their remarkable popularity and further sustainable breeding on grass pastures of British Isles and elsewhere can benefit from genomic applications. At present, there is a rich arsenal of genetic and genomic resources, tools and applications used for livestock assessment, breeding and production including, first of all, genetic profiling of diverse breeds, and search for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and candidate genes in farm animals. These genomic advances facilitate breed improvement and understanding of the genetic processes in the course of domestication and breed evolution.
  • 2.7K
  • 27 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Histone Loss in Aging and Senescence
Aging is a complex and multifactorial process characterized by a combination of aging hallmarks that contribute to declines at the molecular, cellular, and systemic levels in an organism. The dysregulation of the cellular epigenome during aging and senescence is a complex phenomenon that manifests through various elements, including global histone levels, histone positioning on the DNA sequence, post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histones, histone variants, DNA methylation, and noncoding RNAs.
  • 190
  • 27 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Resurrection Plants as Source of  Natural Bioactive Compounds
Resurrection plant species are a group of higher plants whose vegetative tissues are able to withstand long periods of almost full desiccation and recover quickly upon rewatering. Apart from being a model system for studying desiccation tolerance, resurrection plant species appear to be a valuable source of metabolites, with various areas of application. A significant number of papers have been published with respect to the extraction and application of bioactive compounds from higher resurrection plant species in various test systems. Promising results have been obtained with respect to antioxidative and antiaging effects in various test systems, particularly regarding valuable anticancer effects in human cell lines. 
  • 133
  • 27 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Pharmaceuticals with Obesogen Action Impact Male Fertility
Obesogens have been identified as a significant factor associated with increasing obesity rates, particularly in developed countries. Substances with obesogenic traits are prevalent in consumer products, including certain pharmaceuticals. Specific classes of pharmaceuticals have been recognized for their ability to induce weight gain, often accompanied by hormonal alterations that can adversely impact male fertility. 
  • 109
  • 27 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Toxic Effects of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are naturally occurring secondary metabolites of plants. More than 660 types of PAs have been identified from an estimated 6000 plants, and approximately 120 of these PAs are hepatotoxic. As a result of PAs being found in spices, herbal teas, honey, and milk, PAs are considered contaminants in foods, posing a potential risk to human health.
  • 228
  • 27 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Breeding Approaches for Orchid Cultivation and Conservation
Orchid cultivation is gaining momentum attributed to the development of new orchid varieties with unique features of colors and appearance. To bridge this demand and supply gap, both traditional and molecular breeding approaches are employed with consistent efforts.
  • 357
  • 27 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Sarcocystis Infecting Old World and South American camelids
Sarcocystis spp. are coccidian protozoans belonging to the Apicomplexa phylum. As with other members of this phylum, they are obligate intracellular parasites with complex cellular machinery for the invasion of host cells. Sarcocystis spp. display dixenous life cycles, involving a predator and a prey as definitive and intermediate hosts, respectively. Specifically, these parasites develop sarcocysts in the tissues of their intermediate hosts, ranging in size from microscopic to visible to the naked eye, depending on the species. When definitive hosts consume sarcocysts, infective forms are produced in the digestive system and discharged into the environment via feces.
  • 153
  • 27 Feb 2024
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