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Topic Review
Biocontrol of Pathogenic Bacteria and Yeasts in Foods
Ripened foods of animal origin can be divided into two main groups: meat products (dry-cured pieces and dry-cured fermented products, the latter commonly made via mincing and stuffing) and dairy products (mainly, ripened cheeses). The environmental conditions throughout the ripening process of which these animal-derived products undergo favor the growth of diverse microbial populations that deeply contribute to their transformation. The presence of this beneficial microbiota is not unique in these products since they are generally exposed to the wild microbiota of the processing environment. Additionally, this processing rarely entails any sanitizing step; pasteurization in artisanal dairy products could be performed, although it is not common; for meat products, however, it is negligible. Thus, the contamination of these products with pathogenic  microorganisms usually leads to their development during the industrial ripening of these meat products. In this respect, bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium botulinum, Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli are of most concern for ripened foods. In addition, fungal growth on their surface is also common, harboring some pathogenic yeasts such as Candida spp. Biocontrol strategies are required for controlling these hazards.
  • 342
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Polyamines and Physical Activity in Musculoskeletal Diseases
Autophagy dysregulation is commonplace in the pathogenesis of several invalidating diseases, such as musculoskeletal diseases. Polyamines are emerging as natural autophagy regulators with strong anti-aging effects. Recent studies indicate that spermidine reverses dysfunctional autophagy and stimulates mitophagy in muscles and heart, preventing senescence. Physical exercise, as polyamines, regulates skeletal muscle mass inducing proper autophagy and mitophagy. In addition, the combination of spermidine supplementation and regular physical exercise could have positive effects on reactivating the autophagic process flux, maintaining the skeletal muscle mass, and delaying its senescence. This suggests that exercise and spermidine may share mediators acting on similar pathways in autophagy and related processes involved in muscle maintenance. Therefore, the established geroprotective effect of spermidine supplementation and regular practice of exercise might also be promising to prevent or improve age-related musculoskeletal diseases. 
  • 294
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Toxigenic Molds in Ripened Foods and Biocontrol Strategies
Ripened foods of animal origin comprise meat products and dairy products, being transformed by the wild microbiota which populates the raw materials, generating highly appreciated products over the world. Together with this beneficial microbiota, toxigenic molds such as Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus spp., can contaminate these products and pose a risk for the consumers. Thus, effective strategies to hamper these hazards are required. Additionally, consumer demand for clean label products is increasing. Therefore, the manufacturing sector is seeking new efficient, natural, low-environmental impact and easy to apply strategies to counteract these microorganisms.
  • 327
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Anti-Cancer Potential of Edible/Medicinal Mushrooms in Breast Cancer
Edible/medicinal mushrooms have been traditionally used in Asian countries either in the cuisine or as dietary supplements and nutraceuticals. Among the different pharmacological activities reported (antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiviral, immunomodulating, antidiabetic, etc.), edible/medicinal mushrooms have been shown to exert in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects on several kinds of tumors, including breast cancer. 
  • 332
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Impact of Steatotic Liver Grafts for Transplantation
Liver allograft steatosis is a significant risk factor for postoperative graft dysfunction and has been associated with inferior patient and graft survival, particularly in the case of moderate or severe macrovesicular steatosis.
  • 312
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Mechanisms Underlying SCFAs Protective Effect on Blood–Brain Barrier
Impairment of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity is implicated in the numerous neurological disorders associated with neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and aging. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mainly acetate, butyrate and propionate, produced by anaerobic bacterial fermentation of the dietary fiber in the intestine, have a key role in the communication between the gastrointestinal tract and nervous system and are critically important for the preservation of the BBB integrity under different pathological conditions.
  • 346
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Toll-like Receptor 4 Inflammatory Perspective on Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity
Doxorubicin (Dox) is one of the most frequently used chemotherapeutic drugs in a variety of cancers, but Dox-induced cardiotoxicity diminishes its therapeutic efficacy. The underlying mechanisms of Dox-induced cardiotoxicity are still not fully understood. More significantly, there are no established therapeutic guidelines for Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. To date, Dox-induced cardiac inflammation is widely considered as one of the underlying mechanisms involved in Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway plays a key role in Dox-induced cardiac inflammation, and growing evidence reports that TLR4-induced cardiac inflammation is strongly linked to Dox-induced cardiotoxicity.
  • 318
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Crucial Roles of Ez-Metastasizing in Ezrin in Metastasis
Ezrin is the cytoskeletal organizer and functions in the modulation of membrane–cytoskeleton interaction, maintenance of cell shape and structure, and regulation of cell–cell adhesion and movement, as well as cell survival. Ezrin plays a critical role in regulating tumor metastasis through interaction with other binding proteins. Notably, Ezrin has been reported to interact with immune cells, allowing tumor cells to escape immune attack in metastasis. 
  • 442
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Oncogenic miRNAs in Breast Cancer Progression and Metastasis
Both clinical samples and cancer cell lines provide researchers with an insight into the complex structure and hierarchy of cancer. Intratumor heterogeneity allows for multiple cancer cell subpopulations to simultaneously coexist within tumors. One category of these cancer cell subpopulations is cancer stem cells (CSCs), which possess stem-like characteristics and are not easily detectable. In the case of breast cancer, which is the most prevalent cancer type among females, such subpopulations of cells have been isolated and characterized via specific stem cell markers. These stem-like cells, known as breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), have been linked to major events during tumorigenesis including invasion, metastasis and patient relapse following conventional therapies. Complex signaling circuitries seem to regulate the stemness and phenotypic plasticity of BCSCs along with their differentiation, evasion of immunosurveillance, invasiveness and metastatic potential. Within these complex circuitries, new key players begin to arise, with one of them being a category of small non-coding RNAs, known as miRNAs.
  • 325
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Alternative Electron Sources for Cytochrome P450s Catalytic Cycle
The functional significance of cytochrome P450s (CYP) enzymes is their ability to catalyze the biotransformation of xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. P450 enzymes catalyze regio- and stereoselective oxidations of C-C and C-H bonds in the presence of oxygen as a cosubstrate. Initiation of cytochrome P450 catalytic cycle needs an electron donor (NADPH, NADH cofactor) in nature or alternative artificial electron donors such as electrodes, peroxides, photo reduction, and construction of enzymatic “galvanic couple”.
  • 222
  • 25 Jun 2023
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