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Topic Review
Recent Trends in Fermented Beverages Processing: Emerging Technologies
Since ancient times, fermentation has been one of the most utilized techniques for food preservation and for the development of natural products with functional properties at low cost. Nowadays, fermented foods and beverages are highly attractive to consumers since they are perceived as natural and potential sources of functional compounds. Research efforts conducted in this area over the years have allowed for an understanding of the main reactions occurring during fermentation related to microbial growth, enzyme activity, metabolite production, and physicochemical changes. As a result, scientists and technologists have been able to improve the fermentation process in terms of efficiency, safety, costs, and high-quality production of products.
  • 441
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Animal Functional Traits Associated with Fire Sensitivity
Changes in fire regimes in the 21st century are posing a major threat to global biodiversity. In this scenario, incorporating species’ physiological, ecological, and evolutionary traits with their local fire exposure might facilitate accurate identification of species most at risk from fire. 
  • 634
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Chalcones and Breast Cancer
There is no doubt that significant progress has been made in tumor therapy in the past decades. The discovery of new molecules with potential antitumor properties still remains one of the most significant challenges in the field of anticancer therapy. Nature, especially plants, is a rich source of phytochemicals with pleiotropic biological activities.
  • 360
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Oxidative Stress-Induced Cellular Senescence
Cellular senescence, a cell state characterized by a generally irreversible cell cycle arrest, is implicated in various physiological processes and a wide range of age-related pathologies. Oxidative stress, a condition caused by an imbalance between the production and the elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells and tissues, is a common driver of cellular senescence. ROS encompass free radicals and other molecules formed as byproducts of oxygen metabolism, which exhibit varying chemical reactivity. 
  • 349
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Vitamin D and Resveratrol Performances in COVID-19
A variety of observational epidemiological studies have reported that vitamin D deficiency is often a crucial factor in many inflammatory diseases and autoimmune diseases, as well as the susceptibility to contract infectious diseases, including acute respiratory infections. Similarly, resveratrol regulates immunity, modifying the gene expression and the release of proinflammatory cytokines in the immune cells. Therefore, it plays an immunomodulatory role that can be beneficial in the prevention and development of non-communicable diseases associated with inflammation. Since both vitamin D and resveratrol also act as immunomodulators in inflammatory pathologies, many studies have paid particular attention to an integrated treatment of either vitamin D or resveratrol in the immune reaction against SARS-CoV-2 infections.
  • 203
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Mediterranean Diet and Male Fertility
Diet has an impact on male reproductive potential, but few studies have focused on the specific impact of food groups or dietary patterns on fertility. Male reproductive health, as indicated by improved semen parameters and increased chances of conceiving, is associated with the Mediterranean diet, while the Western diet is considered a risk factor for male infertility.
  • 493
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Carbohydrates for Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering
Carbohydrate-based biomaterials are a unique platform for active molecular transport and targeted drug delivery, providing biocompatibility, biodegradability, and a reduction in toxic side effects.
  • 440
  • 27 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Epicardial Adipose Tissue Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Diseases
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a specialized fat depot that surrounds the heart, in direct contact with the myocardium. EAT is found between the visceral pericardium and the myocardium, with which it shares a bloodstream, EAT being circulation-dependent on the branches of the coronary arteries. The localization of EAT in the heart is distributed between the right ventricle, the anterior wall of the left ventricle, the atrioventricular groove, and the great coronary vessels, reaching the main thickness at the anterior and lateral walls of the right atrium. In physiological conditions, the EAT abundance depends on genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors, such as pollution, aging, microbiota, and excessive caloric intake. The EAT mass can comprise up to 80% of the heart surface, contributing 20% to its whole mass.
  • 408
  • 27 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Current Regulation of Anti-COVID-19 mRNAs
COVID-19 vaccines were developed and approved rapidly in response to the urgency created by the pandemic. No specific regulations existed at the time they were marketed. The regulatory agencies therefore adapted them as a matter of urgency. Now that the pandemic emergency has passed, it is time to consider the safety issues associated with this rapid approval. The mode of action of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines should classify them as gene therapy products (GTPs), but they have been excluded by regulatory agencies.
  • 910
  • 27 Jun 2023
Topic Review
3D Bioprinting of Hyaline Articular Cartilage
Hyaline articular cartilage (HAC) is a smooth, wear-resistant, highly specialized hyaline cartilage covering the epiphyses and certain anatomical areas of the bone within the synovial joint capsule. HAC reduces friction, allowing smooth joint movement. The emergence of biofabrication technologies, including three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, at the end of the 20th century, allowed reconstructive interventions to get a second wind. Three-dimensional bioprinting creates volume constraints that mimic the structure and function of natural tissue due to the combinations of biomaterials, living cells, and signal molecules to create.
  • 273
  • 27 Jun 2023
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