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Topic Review
Extracellular Vesicles in Myocardial Injury and Healing Response
Increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease and potentially life-threatening complications of myocardial infarction (MI) has led to emerging therapeutic approaches focusing on myocardial regeneration and restoration of physiologic function following infarction. Extracellular vesicle (EV) technology has gained attention owing to the biological potential to modulate cellular immune responses and promote the repair of damaged tissue. Also, EVs are involved in local and distant cellular communication following damage and play an important role in initiating the repair process. Vesicles derived from stem cells and cardiomyocytes (CM) are of particular interest due to their ability to promote cell growth, proliferation, and angiogenesis following MI. 
  • 206
  • 02 Nov 2023
Topic Review
ClC-1 Chloride Channel Structure and Myotonia-Causing Mutations Update
Myotonia congenita is a hereditary muscle disease mainly characterized by muscle hyperexcitability, which leads to a sustained burst of discharges that correlates with the magnitude and duration of involuntary aftercontractions, muscle stiffness, and hypertrophy. Mutations in the chloride voltage-gated channel 1 (CLCN1) gene that encodes the skeletal muscle chloride channel (ClC-1) are responsible for this disease, which is commonly known as myotonic chloride channelopathy. The structure of the channel has been updated and the biophysical properties of the mutated channel have been explored and analyzed, providing important clues to the general function/dysfunction of the wild-type and mutated channels.
  • 293
  • 02 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Technological Advancements on Biopesticides
Plant-based biopesticides are attracting considerable attention in this context due to their target specificity, ecofriendliness, biodegradability, and safety for humans and other life forms. Among all the relevant biopesticides, plant essential oils (PEOs) or their active components are being widely explored against weeds, pests, and microorganisms. 
  • 320
  • 02 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Role of Epigenetic Factors in Response to Stress
All species are well adapted to their environment. Stress causes a magnitude of biochemical and molecular responses in plants, leading to physiological or pathological changes. The response to various stresses is genetically predetermined, but is also controlled on the epigenetic level. Most plants are adapted to their environments through generations of exposure to all elements. Many plant species have the capacity to acclimate or adapt to certain stresses using the mechanism of priming. In most cases, priming is a somatic response allowing plants to deal with the same or similar stress more efficiently, with fewer resources diverted from growth and development. Priming likely relies on multiple mechanisms, but the differential expression of non-coding RNAs, changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and nucleosome repositioning play a crucial role. 
  • 237
  • 02 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Plant-Based Drink Nutrients
Plant-based drinks have garnered significant attention as viable substitutes for traditional dairy milk, providing options for individuals who are lactose intolerant or allergic to dairy proteins, and those who adhere to vegan or vegetarian diets. Demand for plant-based drinks has expanded rapidly. Each variety has unique characteristics in terms of flavor, texture, and nutritional composition, offering consumers a diverse range of choices tailored to meet individual preferences and dietary needs.
  • 226
  • 02 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Biocides and/or Metals in Co-Selecting Antimicrobial-Resistance in Food-Animal-Production
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a complex issue driven by a variety of interconnected factors enabling microorganisms to withstand the killing or static effects of antimicrobial agents, such as antibiotics, antifungals, disinfectants, and preservatives. The widespread use of antimicrobial agents in all contexts is known to result in selection for AMR in microorganisms. There is also evidence that biocidal agents and/or metals may, in some contexts, co-select for AMR in microorganisms. Intensive food animal production plays an important role in the development and spread of AMR and is one of many routes by which consumers can be exposed to antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. There is concern that the use of biocides (disinfectants and sanitisers) and certain metals (used in animal feed and for other uses) in food animal production could lead to the development and spread of AMR within the food chain. 
  • 221
  • 01 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Marine Bacterial Genus Euzebya in Terrestrial Environments
Euzebya and other haloalkaliphilic bacteria can thrive under harsh conditions, such as high concentrations of sodium and/or calcium, high electric conductivity and alkaline pH, highly variable temperatures, and water fluctuations. These conditions are quasi-extreme in the studied terrestrial environments. 
  • 238
  • 01 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Helicobacter pylori and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Phytochemicals are plant secondary metabolites that show health benefits for humans due to their bioactivity. There is a huge variety of phytochemicals that have already been identified, and these compounds can act as antimicrobial and neuroprotection agents. Due to their anti-microbial activity and neuroprotection, several phytochemicals might have the potency to be used as natural therapeutic agents, especially for Helicobacter pylori infection and neurodegenerative disease, which have become a global health concern nowadays.
  • 420
  • 01 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Probiotics during Vegetable Fermentation
Fermented vegetables are popular traditional foods known for their unique flavors and health benefits. The flavors of fermented vegetables can vary based on different vegetable materials and fermentation techniques used.
  • 334
  • 01 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Elucidating Selenoprotein M Function from Structure
Selenocysteine (Sec), the 21st amino acid, is structurally similar to cysteine but with a sulfur to selenium replacement. This single change retains many of the chemical properties of cysteine but often with enhanced catalytic and redox activity. Incorporation of Sec into proteins is unique, requiring additional translation factors and multiple steps to insert Sec at stop (UGA) codons. These Sec-containing proteins (selenoproteins) are found in all three domains of life where they often are involved in cellular homeostasis (e.g., reducing reactive oxygen species). The essential role of selenoproteins in humans requires us to maintain appropriate levels of selenium, the precursor for Sec, in our diet. Too much selenium is also problematic due to its toxic effects. Deciphering the role of Sec in selenoproteins is challenging for many reasons, one of which is due to their complicated biosynthesis pathway. However, clever strategies are surfacing to overcome this and facilitate production of selenoproteins.
  • 372
  • 01 Nov 2023
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