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Topic Review
Sb and Sc, and Their Modes of Action
Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii (Sb) is currently receiving significant attention as a synthetic probiotic platform due to its ease of manipulation and inherent effectiveness in promoting digestive health.
  • 103
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
LRRK2, Rab GTPases and Parkinson’s Disease
Studies point to the involvement of endolysosomal defects in parkinson’s disease (PD). The endolysosomal system, which tightly controls a flow of endocytosed vesicles targeted either for degradation or recycling, is regulated by a number of Rab GTPases. Their associations with leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), a major causative and risk protein of PD, has also been one of the hot topics in the field.
  • 102
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Mitochondrial Impairment in the Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 4
Cardiorenal syndrome type 4 (CRS type 4) occurs when chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to cardiovascular damage, resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates. Mitochondria, vital organelles responsible for essential cellular functions, can become dysfunctional in CKD. This dysfunction can trigger inflammatory responses in distant organs by releasing Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These DAMPs are recognized by immune receptors within cells, including Toll-like receptors (TLR) like TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9, the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)–adenosine monophosphate (AMP) synthase (cGAS)–stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway. Activation of these immune receptors leads to the increased expression of cytokines and chemokines. Excessive chemokine stimulation results in the recruitment of inflammatory cells into tissues, causing chronic damage. Experimental studies have demonstrated that chemokines are upregulated in the heart during CKD, contributing to CRS type 4. 
  • 200
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Biomarkers in Cancer Detection, Diagnosis, and Prognosis
Biomarkers are vital in healthcare as they provide valuable insights into disease diagnosis, prognosis, treatment response, and personalized medicine. They serve as objective indicators, enabling early detection and intervention, leading to improved patient outcomes and reduced costs. Biomarkers also guide treatment decisions by predicting disease outcomes and facilitating individualized treatment plans. They play a role in monitoring disease progression, adjusting treatments, and detecting early signs of recurrence. 
  • 173
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Epigenetic Mechanisms in Hematologic Aging and Premalignant Conditions
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are essential for maintaining overall health by continuously generating blood cells throughout an individual’s lifespan. However, as individuals age, the hematopoietic system undergoes significant functional decline, rendering them more susceptible to age-related diseases. Growing research evidence has highlighted the critical role of epigenetic regulation in this age-associated decline. 
  • 180
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Pichia pastoris Strains as Powerful Cell Factories
Pichia pastoris is the most widely used microorganism for the production of secreted industrial proteins and therapeutic proteins. This yeast has been repurposed as a cell factory for the production of chemicals and natural products. 
  • 198
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Gut-Antimicrobial Peptides
Due to huge diversity and dynamic competition, the human gut microbiome produces a diverse array of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that play an important role in human health. The gut microbiome has an important role in maintaining gut homeostasis by the AMPs and by interacting with other human organs via established connections such as the gut–lung, and gut–brain axis. Additionally, gut AMPs play a synergistic role with other gut microbiota and antimicrobials to maintain gut homeostasis by fighting against multi-antibiotic resistance (MAR) bacteria. 
  • 344
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Advanced Omics Techniques for Cochlear Research
Advanced genomics, transcriptomics, and epigenomics techniques are providing unprecedented insights into the understanding of the molecular underpinnings of the central nervous system, including the neuro-sensory cochlea of the inner ear. 
  • 106
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Inferior Vena Cava Leiomyosarcoma
Leiomyosarcomas (LMSs) are malignant neoplasms of soft muscle differentiation that can be classified into five distinct groups according to site-related origin: intra-abdominal, subcutaneous or deep soft tissue of the limbs, cutaneous, external genitalia, and vascular.
  • 151
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Post-Translational Role of UFMylation in Physiology and Disease
Ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1) is a newly identified ubiquitin-like protein that has been conserved during the evolution of multicellular organisms. In a similar manner to ubiquitin, UFM1 can become covalently linked to the lysine residue of a substrate via a dedicated enzymatic cascade. Although a limited number of substrates have been identified so far, UFM1 modification (UFMylation) has been demonstrated to play a vital role in a variety of cellular activities, including mammalian development, ribosome biogenesis, the DNA damage response, endoplasmic reticulum stress responses, immune responses, and tumorigenesis.
  • 180
  • 19 Jan 2024
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