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Topic Review
Trichoderma Species as Biocontrol Inoculant in Crop Rhizosphere
The fungal species belonging to the genus Trichoderma has been globally recognized as a potential candidate of biofertilizer and biocontrol agent to prevent devastating soil-borne fungal pathogens and enhance growth and productivity of agricultural crops. The antagonistic activity of Trichoderma to pathogenic fungi is attributed to several mechanisms including antibiosis and enzymatic hydrolysis, which are largely associated with a wide range of metabolites secreted by the Trichoderma species. Besides suppressing target pathogens, several metabolites produced by Trichoderma species may act against non-pathogenic beneficial soil microbial communities and perform unintended alterations within the structures and functions of microbial communities in the crop rhizosphere. Multiple microbial interactions have been shown to enhance biocontrol efficacy in many cases as compared to bioinoculant employed alone. 
  • 202
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Mechanisms of Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein Homeostasis in Plants
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest intracellular organelle and plays essential roles in protein folding, lipid biosynthesis, detoxification, calcium storage, and carbohydrate metabolism. In plants, ER stress usually occurs when they are subjected to unfavorable environmental conditions or at specific developmental stages. An evolutionarily conserved signal network, known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), is activated during ER stress to restore ER homeostasis.
  • 176
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Management of Cytomegalovirus Infections
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections may increase morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Until recently, standard antiviral drugs against CMV were limited to viral DNA polymerase inhibitors (val)ganciclovir, foscarnet and cidofovir with a risk for cross-resistance. These drugs may also cause serious side effects.
  • 205
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Porphyromonas gingivalis in Cancer Development
A periodontal pathogen, namely, Porphyromonas gingivalis, was found to be associated with all three types of cancers: oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), colorectal cancer (CRC), and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).
  • 196
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Global Food Security and Sustainability Issues
The accomplishment of food/nutrition security for all across sustainable food systems (SFS) is tied to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). SFS is connected to all SDGs via the traditional framework of social inclusion, economic development, environmental safety, inclusivity, and the development of sustainable food systems.
  • 123
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review
α-Tomatine Extraction from Green Tomatoes
Unripe tomatoes represent an agri-food waste resulting from industrial by-processing products of tomatoes, yielding products with a high content of bioactive compounds with potential nutraceutical properties. The food-matrix biological properties are attributed to the high steroidal glycoalkaloid (SGA) content. Among them, α-tomatine is the main SGA reported in unripe green tomatoes.
  • 394
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Role of Midkine in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Midkine (MDK) is a multifunctional secreted protein that can act as a cytokine or growth factor regulating multiple signaling pathways and being implicated in fundamental cellular processes, such as survival, proliferation, and migration. Although its expression in normal adult tissues is barely detectable, MDK serum levels are found to be elevated in several types of cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 
  • 101
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Bovine Genital Leptospirosis
Bovine leptospirosis is an important disease that affects the reproductive sphere. Due to its high relevance for the bovine production chain in a worldwide scenario, a better understanding of the disease is crucial to reduce its negative impacts. The main agents are strains from the Sejroe serogroup, such as Hardjo and Guaricura, which lead to renal and genital infection. The genital colonization causes a chronic, silent, and subclinical reproductive syndrome, called Bovine Genital Leptospirosis (BGL). Embryonic death, estrus repetition, subfertility, and abortions are the main signs of BGL condition in females. However, although leptospires have been identified in semen, the manifestation of BGL in bulls remains to be clarified. 
  • 156
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Bioactive Molecules in Ascidians
The study of bioactive molecules of marine origin has created an important bridge between biological knowledge and its applications in biotechnology and biomedicine. Studies in different research fields, such as biomedicine, aim to discover marine molecules characterized by biological activities that can be used to produce potential drugs for human use. Increasing attention has been paid to a particular group of marine invertebrates, the Ascidians, as they are a source of bioactive products. 
  • 136
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Corneal Stromal Stem Cell Biology
Corneal stromal stem cells (CSSCs) are of particular interest in regenerative ophthalmology, offering a new therapeutic target for corneal injuries and diseases. CSSC-derived exosomes exhibit significant potential for modulating inflammation, promoting tissue repair, and addressing corneal transparency. Additionally, the rejuvenation potential of CSSCs through epigenetic reprogramming adds to the evolving regenerative landscape. The imperative for clinical trials and human studies to seamlessly integrate these strategies into practice is emphasized. This points towards a future where CSSC-based therapies, particularly leveraging exosomes, play a central role in diversifying ophthalmic regenerative medicine.
  • 107
  • 25 Jan 2024
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