Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Horizontal transfer of Resistance Genes
Emergence and rapid spread of antibiotic resistance has posed a serious threat to public health and undermined decades of progress made in the fight against bacterial infections. Plasmid-mediated horizontal tranfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) has been recognized as the most dominant dissemination pathway of ARGs in humans, animals and environmental settings. In particular, four pathways including conjugation, transformation, transduction and vesiduction account for horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes. A better understanding of these pathways and underlying mechanisms would contribute to developing more effective stategies to control the prevalence of ARGs.
  • 1.4K
  • 14 Aug 2020
Topic Review
Antioxidants: Improving Food Shelf Life
Oxidation is the main problem in preserving food products during storage. A relatively novel strategy is the use of antioxidant-enriched edible films. Antioxidants hinder reactive oxygen species, which mainly affect fats and proteins in food.
  • 1.4K
  • 18 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Coronaviruses
There are various coronaviruses high and low pathogenicity. The first being associated with a high morbidity and mortality. The SARS-CoV-2 leading to COVID-19 has spread globally and is associated with a high mortality especially in elderly patients and with certain comorbidities (hypertension, obesity, diabetes, etc). Currently there are only limited evidence-based treatment options such as dexamethason, remdesivir, and ICU care. Multiple treatment strategies are being evaluated since the pandemic is still evolving in most countries. 
  • 1.4K
  • 10 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Chloroflexi (Phylum)
The Chloroflexi or Chlorobacteria are a phylum of bacteria containing isolates with a diversity of phenotypes, including members that are aerobic thermophiles, which use oxygen and grow well in high temperatures; anoxygenic phototrophs, which use light for photosynthesis (green non-sulfur bacteria); and anaerobic halorespirers, which uses halogenated organics (such as the toxic chlorinated ethenes and polychlorinated biphenyls) as electron acceptors. Most bacteria, in terms of diversity, are diderms and stain gram-negative, notable exceptions being Firmicutes (low G+C gram-positives), Actinobacteria (high-G+C gram-positives) and the Deinococcus–Thermus group (gram-positive diderms with thick peptidoglycan). In contrast, the members of the phylum Chloroflexi are monoderms, but stain mostly gram-negative.
  • 1.4K
  • 21 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Polyphenols and Health
Polyphenols as one of the most abundant classes of bioactive compounds present in plant-based foods emerge as a promising approach for the development of efficacious preventive agents against NCDs with reduced side effects. 
  • 1.4K
  • 11 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Endogenous Retroviruses Activity in Mouse
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are genetic elements resulting from relics of ancestral infection of germline cells, now recognized in human as cofactors in the etiology of several complex diseases as neurodevelopmental disorders. Autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, and schizophrenia are neurodevelopmental disorders, currently attributed to the interplay among genetic vulnerability, environmental risk factors, and maternal immune activation. The role of ERVs in human embryogenesis, their intrinsic responsiveness to external stimuli, and the interaction with the immune system support the involvement of ERVs in the derailed neurodevelopmental process. Although definitive proofs that ERVs are involved in neurobehavioral alterations are still lacking, both preclinical models and human studies indicate that the abnormal expression of ERVs could represent a neurodevelopmental disorders-associated biological trait.
  • 1.4K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Phycobiliproteins
Phycobiliproteins are gaining popularity as long term, high value natural products which can be alternative to synthetic products. This study analyzed research trends of phycobiliproteins from 1909 to 2020 using a bibliometric approach based on the Scopus database. 
  • 1.4K
  • 19 Nov 2021
Topic Review
YAP/TAZ Activation in Head and Neck Cancer
The Hippo signaling pathway, originally discovered as a mechanism regulating tissue growth and organ size, transduces intracellular and extracellular signals to regulate the transcriptional co-activators YAP and TAZ. Alterations in the Hippo pathway resulting in persistent YAP and TAZ activation have emerged as major oncogenic drivers. The researchers' analysis of the human Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) oncogenome revealed multiple genomic alterations impairing Hippo signaling and activating YAP and TAZ, which in turn contribute to HNSCC development. This includes mutations and deletions of the FAT1 gene (29%) and amplification of the WWTR1 (encoding TAZ, 14%) and YAP1 genes (8%), together representing one of the most genetically altered signaling mechanisms in this malignancy. 
  • 1.4K
  • 11 May 2022
Topic Review
Art-sRNAi for Enhanced Antiviral Resistance
Artificial small RNAs (art-sRNAs) are 21-nucleotide small RNAs designed to recognize and silence complementary target RNAs with high specificity. Art-sRNA-based RNAi (art-sRNAi) tools are extensively used in gene function studies or for improving crops. In particular, numerous studies have reported the successful application of art-sRNAi tools to induce resistance against a large number of RNA and DNA viruses in model and crop species. However, the application of art-sRNAi as an antiviral tool has limitations, such as the difficulty to predict the efficacy of a particular art-sRNA, or the emergence of virus variants with mutated target sites escaping to art-sRNA-mediated degradation. Here, we describe the different classes, features and recent uses of art-sRNAi tools to induce enhanced antiviral resistance in plants. 
  • 1.4K
  • 09 Jul 2020
Topic Review
Betacoronaviruses
In the 21st century, three highly pathogenic betacoronaviruses have emerged, with an alarming rate of human morbidity and case fatality. Genomic information has been widely used to understand the pathogenesis, animal origin and mode of transmission of coronaviruses in the aftermath of the 2002–2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and 2012 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreaks. Furthermore, genome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis have had an unprecedented relevance in the battle against the 2019–2020 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the newest and most devastating outbreak caused by a coronavirus in the history of mankind. Here, we briefly review the application of genomics and bioinformatics in the molecular epidemiology of pathogenic betacoronaviruses.
  • 1.4K
  • 01 Apr 2021
  • Page
  • of
  • 1747
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Video Production Service
Feedback