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Topic Review
Innovation in Biomechanical Orthognathic Surgery
Craniofacial surgery is proposed and performed for a variety of reasons, ranging from congenital or acquired malformations to emotional disorders and parafunctions of the masticatory, respiratory, auditory, and visual systems. Surgery of the mandible and its orthostatic repositioning is the most common of these corrections of craniofacial anomalies. Throughout the history of these procedures, various techniques have been proposed and perfected, but always with a high rate of minor and major complications. The recurrence rate of mandibular malposition is high, as is the temporary loss of facial sensitivity and motor skills. These outcomes are often related to the choice of surgical technique rather than the skill of the surgeon, which is considered to be one of the most important factors in the final outcome. Surgical techniques involving direct manipulation of the vascular-nervous bundles, such as bilateral sagittal split osteotomy, clearly present the possibility of major or minor complications.
  • 309
  • 20 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Silver Diamine Fluoride in Arresting Caries
Dental caries is a painful condition that could lead to nutritional problems which affects the overall health of the child, as well it is expensive to treat. 
  • 305
  • 13 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Complete-Arch Implant-Supported Fixed Monolithic Zirconia Restorations
In full-arch rehabilitation with implant-supported fixed prostheses, using monolithic zirconia seems to have several advantages regarding function and esthetics. However, the current scientific evidence is still limited.
  • 302
  • 06 May 2023
Topic Review
Antisclerostin Effect on Osseointegration and Bone
Sclerostin is a glycoprotein encoded in humans by the SOST gene. It is located on chromosome 17q12-q21, with a C-terminal cysteine knot-like (CTCK) domain. It has a similar sequence also to DAN (Differential screening-selected gene Aberrative in Neuroblastoma), an antagonist’s family of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP). Sclerostin is primarily produced and secreted by osteocytes. Moreover, it is a negative key regulator of osteoblastic functions. It inhibits osteoblast differentiation and bone formation by inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway after binding with LRP5 and 6 (Wnt-coreceptor). This canonical Wnt signaling (Wnt/β-catenin pathway) is essential in bone healing. It promotes pre-osteoblast proliferation and osteo-induction, enhances survival of all cells of the osteoblast lineage, inhibits differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into chondrocytes and adipocytes and controls osteoclast maturation by regulating RANKL levels in osteoblast receptors.
  • 301
  • 15 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Maxillary Anterior Teeth Dimensions and Relative Width Proportions
Predictable results in the aesthetic treatment of anterior teeth can be obtained by resorting to the concept of dental aesthetics and, in particular, defining the ideal tooth dimensions and proportions to obtain a harmonious smile.
  • 300
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Role of Sex Hormones in OSCC and Periodontitis
Sex hormones may also influence gingival microcirculation, thus impacting the spatial progression of periodontitis. The specific role of sex hormones in the onset and prognostic features of oral cancer must also be considered. 
  • 297
  • 11 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Cellular Metabolism in Dentine-Pulp Complex
The cellular metabolic processes ensure the physiological integrity of the dentine-pulp complex. Odontoblasts and odontoblast-like cells are responsible for the defence mechanisms in the form of tertiary dentine formation. In turn, the main defence reaction of the pulp is the development of inflammation, during which the metabolic and signalling pathways of the cells are significantly altered.
  • 292
  • 23 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Oral Complications of Eating Disorder
Eating disorders (ED) patients were found to present related incidences of oral complications. Studies have reported that the possible course of an ED and comorbidities may be an imbalance in the oral environment. The results showed an association between biological (malnutrition, etc.), behavioral (binge eating episodes, vomiting, acidic diet, poor oral hygiene), and pharmacotherapeutic (addiction, hyposalivation) factors that may threaten oral health. Early diagnosis of the past and present symptoms is essential to eliminate and take control of destructive behaviors. Oral changes need to be tackled with medical insight, and additionally, the perception of dietary interactions is recommended.
  • 287
  • 06 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Dental Implants Materials
The development of dental implantology is based on the detailed study of the interaction of implants with the surrounding tissues and methods of osteogenesis stimulation around implants, which has been confirmed by the increasing number of scientific publications presenting the results of studies related to both the influence of the chemical composition of dental implant material as well as the method of its surface modification on the key operational characteristics of implants.
  • 285
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Nano-Drug Delivery Systems in Oral Cancer Therapy
Oral cancer (OC), characterized by malignant tumors in the mouth, is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. Chemotherapy is a commonly used treatment for OC; however, it often leads to severe side effects on human bodies. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising solution for managing OC using nanomaterials and nanoparticles (NPs). Nano-drug delivery systems (nano-DDSs) that employ various NPs as nanocarriers have been extensively developed to enhance current OC therapies by achieving controlled drug release and targeted drug delivery.
  • 278
  • 04 Jan 2024
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