Your browser does not fully support modern features. Please upgrade for a smoother experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
AI and ChatGPT for Advancing Teaching and Learning
Technological advancements, especially artificial intelligence (AI), have significantly transformed educational practices. The development and adoption of Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPT), particularly OpenAI’s ChatGPT, has sparked considerable interest. The unprecedented capabilities of these models, such as generating humanlike text and facilitating automated conversations, have broad implications in various sectors, including education and health.
  • 1.4K
  • 19 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Microplastics in the Aquatic Environment
Microplastics, or microbeads, are plastic particles < 5 mm diameter, and they include nano-sized particles (1 nm). Their size has been miniaturized or fragmented enough that there might be a need for the use of microscopy techniques to study them. In many cases, microplastics continue to carry the chemical structure of their parent plastic with minimum alterations due to exposure to varied environments.
  • 1.4K
  • 30 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Biomedical Applications of MXenes
MXenes have emerged as a newer class of 2D materials that produce metallic conductivity upon interaction with hydrophilic species, and their delamination affords monolayer nanoplatelets of a thickness of about one nm and a side size in the micrometer range. Delaminated MXene has a high aspect ratio, making it an alluring nanofiller for multifunctional polymer nanocomposites. Moreover, MXenes are of special relevance in hydrogel-based applications because of their outstanding mechanical strength, extraordinary hydrophilicity and a distinct surface chemistry, which adds a new level of adaptability.
  • 1.4K
  • 15 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Dripping Rainfall Simulators for Soil Research
Rainfall simulators represent often-used equipment for soil research. Depending on their performance, they could be appropriate for some soil research or not. Dripping rainfall simulators (DRS) can provide rainfall that corresponds to natural rainfall, except in terms of the drop size distribution and wetted area. However, usually there are more factors that do not correspond to natural rainfall, such as the median drop size, volume and kinetic energy. The sizes of the drops generated by the simulator drippers are mostly in the range between 2 and 6 mm, while the number of drops smaller than 2 mm is relatively small. The intensity and duration of the simulated rain can be successfully produced to match natural values, with the most frequently simulated short-term rainfall of a high intensity. Most simulations were conducted at a fall height of up to 2 m, and then their number gradually decreases as the height gets closer to 5 m. Most simulations (58.6%) occur in the range between 20–90% KE, then 33.0% in a range of 90–100%, with only 8.4% lower than 20% KE.
  • 1.4K
  • 15 May 2023
Topic Review
Apostolic Vicariate
An apostolic vicariate is a form of territorial jurisdiction of the Catholic Church centered in missionary regions and countries where a diocese has not yet been established. It is essentially provisional, though it may last for a century or more. The hope is that the region will generate sufficient numbers of Catholics for the Church to create a diocese. In turn, the status of Apostolic vicariate is often a promotion for a former apostolic prefecture, while either may have started out as a mission sui iuris.
  • 1.4K
  • 03 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Organic Versus Conventional Food
A comprehensive systematic review of the health benefits of an organic vs. conventional diet has found that significant positive outcomes are shown in longitudinal studies where increased organic intake was associated with reduced incidence of infertility, birth defects, allergic sensitisation, otitis media, pre-eclampsia, metabolic syndrome, high BMI, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Few clinical trials have assessed direct improvements in health outcomes associated with organic food consumption, and the evidence in support from clinical trials is limited primarily to clear reductions in organophosphate metabolite excretion with an organic diet. 
  • 1.4K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Amin Beiranvand Pour
My scholarly interests range widely, from mineral exploration to environmental issues such as geo-hazard, structural mapping, geothermal and geomorphic and coastal geology investigations. Subsequently, I have conducted several research projects for geological mapping, disaster management and environmental modeling using a variety of satellite remote sensing data such as the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper+ (ETM+), Landsat-8, Advanced Land Imager (ALI), Hyperion and Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) satellite data in arid and semi-arid terrains, Antarctic, Arctic and tropical environments. 
  • 1.4K
  • 10 Nov 2020
Topic Review
5HTTLPR Genetic Variant
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a disease that involves biological, psychological, and social interactions. Studies have shown the importance of genetics contribution to MDD development. The SCL6A4 protein (5HTTLPR) functions transporting serotonin, a neurotransmitter linked to mood and emotion, to the synaptic cleft. Hence, this study seeks a better comprehension of the 5HTTLPR genetic variant association with MDD and its influence nervous system through a literature review.  
  • 1.4K
  • 18 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Lamin A/C in Disease/Cancer
Lamin A/C is a nuclear protein with multiple functions in normal and diseased cells. As lamin A/C has a variety of critical roles within the cell, mutations of the lamin A/C gene and incorrect processing of the protein results in a wide variety of diseases, ranging from striated muscle disorders to accelerated aging diseases.
  • 1.4K
  • 25 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by-Products
The demand and price of feed/feed stuffs was greatly altered after the COVID-19 crisis, showing great interest on depends on local feed stuffs and a decrease in the imported ones. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a common crop in arid and semiarid regions for production of date fruits. Several by-products, such as whole cull dates, date stones (also called pits, seeds, kernels), sugar-extracted date pulp, are produced from date fruit processing industries. These by-products, particularly date stone meal represent 10 to 20% of the whole dates are wasted, causing environmental issues. However, the date stone is rich in various nutrients, such as nitrogen-free extract, fiber, fat, and minerals, which could be used as an alternative feed source in poultry nutrition. However, the high fiber content in date stone meal restricts its use in poultry diets. Whole date wastes and date pulp have lower protein, fiber and fat content than those in date stone meal.
  • 1.4K
  • 23 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Filaggrin
Filaggrin (FLG) is a large (37-kD), histidine rich protein named after its ability to aggregates keratin intermediate filaments (Filament aggregating Protein). FLG is an important epidermal structural protein, crucial to the structure and function of the stratum corneum (SC) and is largely involved in the maintenance of skin barrier function. FLG deficiency or dysfunction can lead to various skin disorders such as xerosis, ichthyosis vulgaris and atopic dermatitis (AD). It has been proposed that the level of FLG and its degradation products are influenced not only by the FLG loss-of-function mutations but also by endogenous or exogenous factors. 
  • 1.4K
  • 09 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Towards a More Sustainable Nutrition
The concept of sustainable nutrition considers different fields: from human health to environmental, economic and socio-cultural aspects. Currently, in Europe, the diets that reflect the assumptions of the sustainable diet are the Mediterranean Diet and the New Nordic Diet. They both encourage the consumption of vegetable, organic and minimally processed foods, as well as regional, seasonal and Fair-Trade products, reducing the ecological impact of the production chain. These eating habits could be established starting from the prenatal period and from infancy during the complementary feeding stage, aiding children to accept of a more variable diet in terms of flavor, taste and texture. In particular, the positive parental role model is an effective method for improving a child’s diet and behaviors. Two healthy plates representing a sustainable diet in early infancy, at 6 and 24 months, are here proposed, in line with the “Planetary Health Diet” approved by the EAT-Lancet Commission.
  • 1.4K
  • 15 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Microbiological Food Safety of Seaweeds
The use of seaweeds in the human diet has a long history in Asia and has now been increasing also in the western world. Concurrent with this trend, there is a corresponding increase in cultivation and harvesting for commercial production. Edible seaweed is a heterogenous product category including species within the green, red, and brown macroalgae. Moreover, the species are utilized on their own or in combinatorial food products, eaten fresh or processed by a variety of technologies. 
  • 1.4K
  • 11 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Leaching Chalcocite in Chloride Media
Chalcocite is the most abundant secondary copper sulfide globally, with the highest copper content, and is easily treated by conventional hydrometallurgical processes, making it a very profitable mineral for extraction. Among the various leaching processes to treat chalcocite, chloride media show better results and have a greater industrial boom. Chalcocite dissolution is a two-stage process, the second being much slower than the first. During the second stage, in the first instance, it is possible to oxidize the covellite in a wide range of chloride concentrations or redox potentials (up to 75% extraction of Cu). Subsequently, CuS2 is formed, which is to be oxidized. It is necessary to work at high concentrations of chloride (>2.5 mol/L) and/or increase the temperature to reach a redox potential of over 650 mV, which in turn decreases the thickness of the elemental sulfur layer on the mineral surface, facilitating chloride ions to generate a better porosity of this. 
  • 1.4K
  • 10 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Cancer-Homing CAR-T Cells
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy is based on patient blood-derived T cells and natural killer cells, which are engineered in vitro to recognize a target antigen in cancer cells. Most CAR-T recognize target antigens through immunoglobulin antigen-binding regions.
  • 1.4K
  • 13 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Overview of Fucoidan
The marine macroalgae produce a collection of bioactive polysaccharides, of which the sulfated heteropolysaccharide fucoidan produced by brown algae of the class Phaeophyceae has received worldwide attention because of its particular biological actions that confer nutritional and health benefits to humans and animals. The biological actions of fucoidan are determined by their structure and chemical composition, which are largely influenced by the geographical location, harvest season, extraction process, etc. 
  • 1.4K
  • 08 Oct 2022
Topic Review
2018 AAA 400 Drive for Autism
NASCAR race report The 2018 AAA 400 Drive for Autism was a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held on May 6, 2018, at Dover International Speedway in Dover, Delaware. Contested over 400 laps on the 1-mile (1.6 km) concrete speedway, it was the 11th race of the 2018 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series season.
  • 1.4K
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
PSR J0737-3039
PSR J0737−3039 is the only known double pulsar. It consists of two neutron stars emitting electromagnetic waves in the radio wavelength in a relativistic binary system. The two pulsars are known as PSR J0737−3039A and PSR J0737−3039B. It was discovered in 2003 at Australia's Parkes Observatory by an international team led by the radio astronomer Marta Burgay during a high-latitude pulsar survey.
  • 1.4K
  • 12 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Aortic Valve Calcification
Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular heart disease. The incidence of AS increases with age, however, a significant proportion of elderly people have no significant AS, indicating that both aging and nonaging pathways are involved in the pathomechanism of AS.
  • 1.4K
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
F-Ratio
In oceanic biogeochemistry, the f-ratio is the fraction of total primary production fuelled by nitrate (as opposed to that fuelled by other nitrogen compounds such as ammonium). The ratio was originally defined by Richard Eppley and Bruce Peterson in one of the first papers estimating global oceanic production. This fraction was originally believed significant because it appeared to directly relate to the sinking (export) flux of organic marine snow from the surface ocean by the biological pump. However, this interpretation relied on the assumption of a strong depth-partitioning of a parallel process, nitrification, that more recent measurements has questioned.
  • 1.4K
  • 16 Nov 2022
  • Page
  • of
  • 2800
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Reprints

>>
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Medieval Royal Iconography
Academic Video Service
Feedback