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Topic Review
Focal Adhesion Kinase Inhibitors
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase over-expressed and activated in both adult and pediatric cancers, where it plays important roles in the regulation of pathogenesis and progression of the malignant phenotype. FAK exerts its functions in cancer by two different ways: a kinase activity in the cytoplasm, mainly dependent on the integrin signaling, and a scaffolding activity into the nucleus by networking with different gene expression regulators. For this reason, FAK has to be considered a target with high therapeutic values. Indeed, evidence suggests that FAK targeting could be effective, either alone or in combination, with other already available treatments.
  • 1.4K
  • 25 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Adoption Pathways for DC Power Distribution in Buildings
Driven by the proliferation of DC energy sources and DC end-use devices (e.g., photovoltaics, battery storage, solid-state lighting, and consumer electronics), DC power distribution in buildings has recently emerged as a path to improved efficiency, resilience, and cost savings in the transitioning building sector. Despite these important benefits, there are several technological and market barriers impeding the development of DC distribution, which have kept this technology at the demonstration phase.
  • 1.4K
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Phycoremediation
The microalgae-based wastewater treatment process is one of the most promising technologies for the treatment and nutrient recovery of wastewaters from various sources (industrial, municipal, and agricultural): microalgae could be adapted to a variety of water bodies, can be extensively used to treat effluents, and could provide a tertiary biotreatment coupled with the production of potentially valuable biomass.
  • 1.4K
  • 02 Mar 2022
Topic Review
β-Carotene Supplementation and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
β-carotene is widely available in plant-based foods. β-carotene supplementation had no beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and potential harmful effects on CVD mortality. 
  • 1.4K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Technological Sustainability and Artificial Intelligence Algor-ethics
Since 2018, a new terminology has been developed, called Algor-ethics, indicating the necessity for a dedicated study concerning the evaluation of an ethics applied to technology, to Algorithms and to Artificial Intelligence (AI). At the same time, since 1987, when the concept of sustainability was introduced, the discussion on this issue has become increasingly lively and has now spread to every area of life. An application of the concept of sustainability to technological processes and in particular to the elaboration of AI systems, for the construction of an ethics that could confer meaning, motivations and impetus in using new technologies and Artificial Intelligence is proposed here. Researchers first try to build an ethical framework, here called Dynamical Techno-Algor-Ethical Composition, to define the interaction between the most important ethical ingredients involving the human person in relation to technology, taking a person-centered approach. Out of this it will emerge a possible structure and definition of Technological Sustainability. The second step consist of evaluating the process for the elaboration of an AI algorithm as a concrete application of the previously analyzed framework, to set ethical contents composing what researchers might call a good and sustainable algorithm.
  • 1.4K
  • 06 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Application of CRISPR-Cas in Parkinson’s Disease
In 1987, bacteria were found to insert 32-nt (nucleotide) spacer sequences into 29-nt repeat sequences in CRISPR loci whenever they came into contact with phage DNA, leading to the discovery of the CRISPR-Cas system. The CRISPR-Cas-based technology can be employed as a new genome-editing tool in various organisms. The new gene-editing technique holds great promise for research and therapy of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Parkinson's disease (PD), for which there are currently no effective disease-modifying treatments.
  • 1.4K
  • 01 Jul 2022
Topic Review
PM0.1 in Southeast Asian Cities
PM0.1 (particles with a diameter ≤ 0.1 µm), nanoparticles (NPs), or ultrafine particles (UFPs) were interchangeably used in the scientific communities. PM0.1 originated from both natural and human sources.
  • 1.4K
  • 30 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Participative Decision-Making
Participative decision-making (PDM) is the extent to which employers allow or encourage employees to share or participate in organizational decision-making (Probst, 2005). According to (Cotton Vollrath), the format of PDM could be formal or informal. In addition, the degree of participation could range from zero to 100% in different participative management (PM) stages (Cotton et al. 1988; Black & Gregersen 1997; Brenda, 2001). PDM is one of many ways in which an organization can make decisions. The leader must think of the best possible style that will allow the organization to achieve the best results. According to psychologist Abraham Maslow, workers need to feel a sense of belonging to an organization (see Maslow's hierarchy of needs).
  • 1.4K
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Parisoma
Coordinates: 37°46′24.89″N 122°24′57.19″W / 37.7735806°N 122.4158861°W / 37.7735806; -122.4158861 Parisoma (/ˈpærɪˈsoʊmə/) is a coworking space and open incubator in the SoMa district of San Francisco founded and managed by the firm Fabernovel. In addition to providing shared work space to approximately 120 members, it also hosts events and classes related to design, business, technology, and entrepreneurship.
  • 1.4K
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Hyaluronic Acid-Based Nanosystems and Inflammation
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan that has a well-known ability to bind with the cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) receptor on classically activated M1 macrophages. HA-nanosystems can be used for targeted drug delivery to counter inflammation and, subsequently, pain.
  • 1.4K
  • 26 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Mitochondria in Neurodegenerative Disease
Strong evidence suggests a correlation between degeneration and mitochondrial deficiency. Typical cases of degeneration can be observed in physiological phenomena (i.e., ageing) as well as in neurological neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. All these pathologies have the dyshomeostasis of mitochondrial bioenergy as a common denominator. 
  • 1.4K
  • 05 May 2023
Topic Review
3D Printing in Prosthetic Dentistry
The speed of progress in the evolution of digital dental manufacturing has become truly remarkable. Subtractive methods have achieved remarkable levels of both efficiency and precision in achieving accurate fits, while additive techniques such as 3D printing are gaining prominence at an escalating rate.
  • 1.4K
  • 18 Jun 2024
Topic Review
Sexism
Sexism is a systemic form of discrimination based on an individual's gender, typically directed against women and girls. It involves the reinforcement of stereotypes, unequal treatment, and the marginalization of individuals based on their gender, perpetuating a social hierarchy that disadvantages women in various aspects of life, including education, employment, and societal roles.
  • 1.4K
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Arabic Sign Language Recognition
Sign language recognition, an essential interface between the hearing and deaf-mute communities, faces challenges with high false positive rates and computational costs, even with the use of advanced deep learning techniques.
  • 1.4K
  • 30 Jan 2024
Topic Review
CD4 T-Cell in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an umbrella term for the chronic immune-mediated idiopathic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, manifesting as Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). IBD is characterized by exacerbated innate and adaptive immunity in the gut in association with microbiota dysbiosis and the disruption of the intestinal barrier, resulting in increased bacterial exposure. In response to signals from microorganisms and damaged tissue, innate immune cells produce inflammatory cytokines and factors that stimulate T and B cells of the adaptive immune system, and a prominent characteristic of IBD patients is the accumulation of inflammatory T-cells and their proinflammatory-associated cytokines in intestinal tissue. Upon antigen recognition and activation, CD4 T-cells differentiate towards a range of distinct phenotypes: T helper(h)1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, T follicular helper (Tfh), and several types of T-regulatory cells (Treg). T-cells are generated according to and adapt to microenvironmental conditions and participate in a complex network of interactions among other immune cells that modulate the further progression of IBD. 
  • 1.4K
  • 09 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Tau Fibrils and Oligomers
The study of tau protein aggregation and interactions with other molecules or solvents using molecular dynamics simulations (MDs) is of interest to many researchers to propose new mechanism-based therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Pick’s disease, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and other tauopathies.
  • 1.4K
  • 04 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Diagnosis and Treatment of Sleep Apnea in Children
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children is a prevalent, but still, today, underdiagnosed illness, which consists of repetitive episodes of upper airway obstruction during sleep with important repercussions for sleep quality. OSA has relevant consequences in the pediatric population, mainly in the metabolic, cardiovascular (CV), and neurological spheres. However, contrary to adults, advances in diagnostic and therapeutic management have been scarce in the last few years despite the increasing scientific evidence of the deleterious consequences of pediatric OSA. The problem of underdiagnosis and the lack of response to treatment in some groups make an update to the management of OSA in children necessary. Probably, the heterogeneity of OSA is not well represented by the classical clinical presentation and severity parameters (apnea/hypopnea index (AHI)), and new strategies are required. A specific and consensus definition should be established. Additionally, the role of simplified methods in the diagnosis algorithm should be considered. Finally, the search for new biomarkers for risk stratification is needed in this population. In conclusion, new paradigms based on personalized medicine should be implemented in this population. 
  • 1.4K
  • 21 Jun 2023
Topic Review
LoRaWAN and SD-WAN Technologies
The existing Emergency Communication Systems use cases and current research directions are discussed regarding the use of unconventional and hybrid methods for establishing communication between a specific site and the outside world.
  • 1.4K
  • 01 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Management Strategies of Peach–Potato Aphid Myzus persicae
The peach–potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), is one of the most important pests of economic crops. It damages the plant directly by consuming nutrients and water and indirectly by transmitting plant viruses. This pest has the unenviable title of having resistance to more insecticides than any other herbivorous insect pest. Due to the development of its resistance to chemical pesticides, it is necessary to find other control options. Consequently, increased efforts worldwide have been undertaken to develop new management approaches for M. persicae. 
  • 1.4K
  • 01 Aug 2023
Topic Review
HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Targeted Therapies
Breast cancer represents the most common cancer type and one of the major leading causes of death in the female worldwide population. Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor (HER2), a transmembrane glycoprotein related to the epidermal growth factor receptor, results in a biologically and clinically aggressive breast cancer subtype. It is also the primary driver for tumor detection and progression and, in addition to being an important prognostic factor in women diagnosed with breast cancer, HER2 is a widely known therapeutic target for drug development. In breast cancer, the overexpression of the HER2 receptor makes it a reliable biomarker and a successful therapeutic target. Several strategies have been developed to target HER2, using various targeting molecules including monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, antibody–drug conjugates, small molecules, and peptides.
  • 1.4K
  • 12 Sep 2023
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