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Topic Review
Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DReSS), also known as drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DiHS), is a severe, systemic, T cell mediated drug reaction with combinations of cutaneous, hematologic, and internal organ involvement. Pathogenesis of DReSS is multi-factorial, involving drug-exposure, genetic predisposition through specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and metabolism defects, viral reactivation, and immune dysregulation. Clinical features of this condition are delayed, stepwise, and heterogenous, making this syndrome challenging to recognize and diagnose.
  • 1.5K
  • 13 May 2022
Topic Review
Oral Health and Candidiasis Development
Oral fungal infection is one of the most researched medical challenges today, being critically related to the development of oral candidiasis, the dissemination of Candida sp. in oromucosal tissues, overcoming barriers such as antifungal drug resistance, and repurposing new pathways and mechanisms to alleviate resilient infections.
  • 1.5K
  • 20 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Spectrum Reallocation
Middle 20th century frequency allocation assigned much of the radio spectrum to broadcasting. Late in the century, other uses arose and in United States, spectrum reallocation mostly refers to reassigning frequency bands to uses such as wireless broadband, trunking, or point-to-point microwave services. Spectrum reallocation is being done partly through auctions authorized by Title VI (The Spectrum Act) of the payroll tax cut extension passed by Congress on February 17, 2012. Many broadcasters oppose this plan, even though they have been assured that stations will not be forced off the air.
  • 1.5K
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
GRACE-FO
The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) was a joint mission of NASA and the German Aerospace Center (DLR). Twin satellites took detailed measurements of Earth's gravity field anomalies from its launch in March 2002 to the end of its science mission in October 2017. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On (GRACE-FO) is a continuation of the mission on near-identical hardware, launched in May 2018. By measuring gravity anomalies, GRACE showed how mass is distributed around the planet and how it varies over time. Data from the GRACE satellites is an important tool for studying Earth's ocean, geology, and climate. GRACE was a collaborative endeavor involving the Center for Space Research at the University of Texas at Austin, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the German Aerospace Center and Germany's National Research Center for Geosciences, Potsdam. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory was responsible for the overall mission management under the NASA ESSP (Earth System Science Pathfinder) program. The principal investigator is Byron Tapley of the University of Texas Center for Space Research, and the co-principal investigator is Christoph Reigber of the GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ) Potsdam. The two GRACE satellites (GRACE-1 and GRACE-2) were launched from Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russia, on a Rockot (SS-19 + Breeze upper stage) launch vehicle on 17 March 2002. The spacecraft were launched to an initial altitude of approximately 500 km at a near-polar inclination of 89°. During normal operations, the satellites were separated by 220 km along their orbit track. This system was able to gather global coverage every 30 days. GRACE far exceeded its 5-year design lifespan, operating for 15 years until the decommissioning of GRACE-2 on 27 October 2017. Its successor, GRACE-FO, was successfully launched on 22 May 2018. In 2019, a glacier in West Antarctica was named after the GRACE mission.
  • 1.5K
  • 07 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Concurrent Estate
A concurrent estate or co-tenancy is a concept in property law which describes the various ways in which property is owned by more than one person at a time. If more than one person owns the same property, they are commonly referred to as co-owners. Legal terminology for co-owners of real estate is either co-tenants or joint tenants, with the latter phrase signifying a right of survivorship. Most common law jurisdictions recognize tenancies in common and joint tenancies, and some also recognize tenancies by the entirety, which is a joint tenancy between married persons. Many jurisdictions refer to a joint tenancy as a joint tenancy with right of survivorship, but they are the same, as every joint tenancy includes a right of survivorship. In contrast, a tenancy in common does not include a right of survivorship. The type of co-ownership does not affect the right of co-owners to sell their fractional interest in the property to others during their lifetimes, but it does affect their power to will the property upon death to their devisees in the case of joint tenants. However, any joint tenant can change this by severing the joint tenancy. This occurs whenever a joint tenant transfers his or her fractional interest in the property. Law can vary from place to place, and the following general discussion will not be applicable in its entirety to all jurisdictions.
  • 1.5K
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Neo-Confederate
Neo-Confederates are groups and individuals who portray the Confederate States of America and its actions during the American Civil War in a positive light. Some neo-Confederate organizations such as the League of the South continue to advocate the secession of the former Confederate States.
  • 1.5K
  • 17 Nov 2022
Biography
Joseph Weber
Joseph Weber (May 17, 1919 – September 30, 2000) was an American physicist. He gave the earliest public lecture on the principles behind the laser and the maser and developed the first gravitational wave detectors (Weber bars). Weber was born in Paterson, New Jersey[1] and attended Paterson public schools (and the Paterson Talmud Torah),[2] graduating from the "Mechanic Arts Course" of Pate
  • 1.5K
  • 23 Nov 2022
Biography
Mark Zemansky
Mark Waldo Zemansky (May 5, 1900 – December 29, 1981[1][2]) was an United States physicist. He was a professor of physics at the City College of New York for decades and is best known for co-authoring University Physics, an introductory physics textbook, with Francis Sears. The book, first published in 1949, is often referred to as "Sears and Zemansky", although Hugh Young became a coauthor in
  • 1.5K
  • 29 Dec 2022
Biography
Nicolai Levashov
Nicolai or Nikolai Levashov (Russian: Никола́й Ви́кторович Левашо́в; February 8, 1961 – June 11, 2012) was a Russian occultist and psychic healer who wrote several books on life in the universe, Slavic history, the origin of mankind on Earth and other topics. From 1991-2005 he was known in the United States for several causes célèbres involving his patients.[1][2]
  • 1.5K
  • 28 Dec 2022
Topic Review
SERS-Based Plasmonic Sensors for Biosensing Applications
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy/scattering (SERS) has evolved into a popular tool for applications in biology and medicine owing to its ease-of-use, non-destructive, and label-free approach. Advances in plasmonics and instrumentation have enabled the realization of SERS’s full potential for the trace detection of biomolecules, disease diagnostics, and monitoring.
  • 1.5K
  • 07 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Vitamin K in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Although defined by the presence of airflow obstruction and respiratory symptoms, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are characterized by multimorbidity. Numerous co-occurring conditions and systemic manifestations contribute to the clinical presentation and progression of COPD. Vitamin A and vitamin D have been related to COPD pathogenesis. Another fat-soluble vitamin, vitamin K, has been put forward to exert protective roles in COPD. Vitamin K is an unequivocal cofactor for the carboxylation of coagulation factors, but also for extra-hepatic proteins including the soft tissue calcification inhibitor matrix Gla-protein and the bone protein osteocalcin.
  • 1.5K
  • 10 May 2023
Topic Review
Ulvan As a Seaweed-Derived Sulfated Polysaccharide
Cancer is one of the most worldwide spread diseases and causes maximum death. Treatment of cancer depends on the host immune system and the type of drugs. The inefficiency of conventional cancer treatments as a result of drug resistance, nontargeted delivery, and chemotherapy-related negative side effects has caused bioactive phytochemicals to come into focus. Ulvan is a polysaccharide derived from various green seaweeds of the Ulva species in the family Ulvaceae. It has been demonstrated to have potent anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties through the modulation of antioxidants. It is vital to understand the mechanisms underlying the biotherapeutic activities of Ulvan in cancer and its role in immunomodulation.
  • 1.5K
  • 02 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Microplastic Removal from Wastewater by Natural Coagulation
Urban industrialization has caused a ubiquity of microplastics in the environment. A large percentage of plastic waste originated from Southeast Asian countries. Microplastics arising from the primary sources of personal care items and industrial uses and the fragmentation of larger plastics have recently garnered attention due to their ubiquity. Due to the rising level of plastic waste in the environment, the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of plastics threaten aquatic and human life. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents are one of the major sources of these plastic fragments. Coagulation is a significant process in removing microplastics, and natural coagulants are far superior to their chemical equivalents due to their non-toxicity and cost-effectiveness. 
  • 1.5K
  • 23 Feb 2024
Topic Review
May 24: Samuel Morse Sends the First Telegraph Message
On May 24, 1844, Samuel Finley Breese Morse (1791–1872), an American inventor and artist, transmitted the first long-distance electrical telegraph message between Washington, D.C., and Baltimore, Maryland, inaugurating a new era in electrical communication. The message, “What hath God wrought?”, was received by Alfred Vail, Morse’s collaborator, and marked the first public demonstration of the potential of the electromagnetic telegraph system.
  • 1.5K
  • 22 May 2025
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence in CORONA Virus
AI is the most demanding field of the world. It is playing a vital role in many aspects like prediction of any pandemic or making any vaccine faster.
  • 1.5K
  • 11 Feb 2021
Topic Review
MT-ND5 Gene
mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 5
  • 1.5K
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Magnetic Resonance Thermometry in Hyperthermia
Hyperthermia is a treatment for cancer patients, which consists of heating the body to 43 °C. The temperature during treatment is usually measured by placing temperature probes intraluminal or invasively. The only clinically used option to measure temperature distributions non-invasively and in 3D is by MR thermometry (MRT). However, in order to be able to replace conventional temperature probes, MRT needs to become more reliable.
  • 1.5K
  • 07 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Environmental Monitoring of Pesticide Residues
Pesticide residues are a threat to the health of the global population, not only to farmers, applicators, and other pesticide professionals. Humans are exposed through various routes such as food, skin, and inhalation. Indirect approaches, also called “external exposure approaches”, estimate the exposure of a population through the measurements of pesticide residue levels in food and the environment. Environmental sampling involves water resources, soils, sediments, and air particles. Recent studies have also included indoor and road dust. In addition, indirect assessment models also include food, as fruits, vegetables, and cereals treated with pesticides have also been proven to be significant sources of pesticides. Furthermore, the pesticide residues in abiotic environmental samples also bioaccumulate in biota. Dietary intake of animal products, including meat and subproducts from farm animals, fish, and seafood, is considered an important route of exposure for population.
  • 1.5K
  • 19 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Plastic Waste into Supports for Nanostructured Heterogeneous Catalysts
Plastics are ubiquitous in our society and are used in many industries, such as packaging, electronics, the automotive industry, and medical and health sectors, and plastic waste is among the types of waste of higher environmental concern. The increase in the amount of plastic waste produced daily has increased environmental problems, such as pollution by micro-plastics, contamination of the food chain, biodiversity degradation and economic losses. The selective and efficient conversion of plastic waste for applications in environmental remediation, such as by obtaining composites, is a strategy of the scientific community for the recovery of plastic waste. The development of polymeric supports for efficient, sustainable, and low-cost heterogeneous catalysts for the treatment of organic/inorganic contaminants is highly desirable yet still a great challenge; this will be the main focus of this work. Common commercial polymers, like polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene therephthalate, polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride, are addressed herein, as are their main physicochemical properties, such as molecular mass, degree of crystallinity and others. Additionally, we discuss the environmental and health risks of plastic debris and the main recycling technologies as well as their issues and environmental impact. The use of nanomaterials raises concerns about toxicity and reinforces the need to apply supports; this means that the recycling of plastics in this way may tackle two issues. Finally, we dissert about the advances in turning plastic waste into support for nanocatalysts for environmental remediation, mainly metal and metal oxide nanoparticles.
  • 1.5K
  • 18 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Phosphorus Recovery from Sewage Sludge Ash
Phosphorus is an essential and limited element that cannot be replaced by any other. Phosphorus deposits in the world are rapidly depleting, so methods of recovering phosphorus from alternative sources and using it as a fertilizer in agriculture are becoming increasingly popular. Struvite from sewage sludge ash contains phosphorus, and also a significant amount of nitrogen and magnesium. It is considered an effective slow-release fertilizer that can be successfully applied to agricultural, vegetable, and ornamental crops. The slower leaching of nutrients and high fertilizer quality, and high phosphorus content can make struvite an environmentally friendly fertilizer. However, its production is not yet sustainable. The cradle-to-cradle (C2C) concept has made it possible to highlight the so-called critical points in the production of such fertilizer. Limitations are environmental  (concerns about heavy metals content in sewage sludge ash), legal (standard testing, product certification, quality control), economic (cost of energy, supply-chain), legal aspects (still not implemented as a mineral fertilizer under general EU regulations) and looses during P fertilizer production. 
  • 1.5K
  • 18 Apr 2022
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