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Topic Review
Green Building in Arctic Region
Nowadays, buildings are a large contributors to climate change due to their significant global energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Since in the Arctic Region the effects of climate change are amplified and lead to global consequences, governments and international organizations are developing solutions to promote sustainable constructions, hence reducing the impact of buildings on the environment. 
  • 1.6K
  • 27 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Gut Microbiome and Lipid Metabolism
Lipids are the major structural constituents of cell membranes.
  • 1.6K
  • 18 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Mitochondrial Transplantation
Mitochondria are the major source of intercellular bioenergy in the form of ATP. They are necessary for cell survival and play many essential roles such as maintaining calcium homeostasis, body temperature, regulation of metabolism and apoptosis.
  • 1.6K
  • 26 May 2021
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Migration Forecasting—Significance and Approaches
Migration is defined as the permanent change in an individual’s usual residence. Forecasting migration is an important requisite for population forecasts or for planning in fields that depend on the future size and structure of the population, such as economics, epidemiology, social insurance, or infrastructure. As migration is the most volatile of all demographic components, its modeling is especially difficult. International migration can be modeled and forecast very differently; users should be familiar with the flaws and strengths of these different approaches. 
  • 1.6K
  • 13 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Calcium-Channel-Blocker-Influenced Gingival Enlargement
The aim of the article is to discuss the development of calcium channel blocker (CCB) influenced gingival enlargement.
  • 1.6K
  • 23 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Smart Manufacturing and Industry 4.0
Industry 4.0 is an advanced strategy introduced by the German government to promote the integration of diverse technologies that make manufacturing process smarter. For instance, the technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Internet of Service (IoS), social product development, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), and radio frequency identification (RFID) have been widely implemented to achieve smarter production system. The combination of this technology will foster mass customization, inexpensive product planning, accurate control of the manufacturing process, condition base maintenance, as well as the automated manufacturing process.These technological trends are designed to facilitate machine to machine (M2M) communication using minimal to null dependence on human force. Industry 4.0 transform processes, operations, machinery, supply chain management, and the entire energy footprint of manufacturing enterprises. It also enhances and monitors the after-purchase performance such as maintenance and servicing. At the global front, manufacturing enterprises are already exploring the limitless possibilities of Industry 4.0 and are reimagining the future. The traditional manufacturing processes and machinery are undergoing digitization and technological transformation to accelerate efficiency, flexibility, and speed to survive the fierce market competition.
  • 1.6K
  • 16 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Minimally Invasive Therapies for the Dental Caries
Resin infiltrants (RI) are low-viscosity triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) based resins that exhibit high caries permeating ability and a high degree of conversion (DC).
  • 1.6K
  • 11 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Rice Co-Responding to Drought and Salt
Drought and salinity stresses are significant abiotic factors that limit rice yield. Exploring the co-response mechanism to drought and salt stress will be conducive to future rice breeding.
  • 1.6K
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
3D Printing Technologies in Dentistry
3D-printing application in dentistry not only enables the manufacture of patient-specific devices and tissue constructs, but also allows mass customization, as well as digital workflow, with predictable lower cost and rapid turnaround times.
  • 1.6K
  • 16 Sep 2022
Topic Review
DEMOnstration Power Station
DEMO (DEMOnstration Power Station) is a proposed nuclear fusion power station that is intended to build upon the ITER experimental nuclear fusion reactor. The objectives of DEMO are usually understood to lie somewhere between those of ITER and a "first of a kind" commercial station, sometimes referred to as PROTO. While there is no clear international consensus on exact parameters or scope, the following parameters are often used as a baseline for design studies: DEMO should produce at least 2 gigawatts of fusion power on a continuous basis, and it should produce 25 times as much power as required for breakeven. DEMO's design of 2 to 4 gigawatts of thermal output will be on the scale of a modern electric power station. To achieve its goals, DEMO must have linear dimensions about 15% larger than ITER, and a plasma density about 30% greater than ITER. As a prototype commercial fusion reactor, it was estimated in 2006, that DEMO could make fusion energy available by 2033, but has now been delayed. It is estimated that subsequent commercial fusion reactors could be built for about a quarter of the cost of DEMO.
  • 1.6K
  • 10 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Latent Tuberculosis
Latent tuberculosis (LTB), also called latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is when a person is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but does not have active tuberculosis. Active tuberculosis can be contagious while latent tuberculosis is not, and it is therefore not possible to get TB from someone with latent tuberculosis. The main risk is that approximately 10% of these people (5% in the first two years after infection and 0.1% per year thereafter) will go on to develop active tuberculosis. This is particularly true, and there is added risk, in particular situations such as medication that suppresses the immune system or advancing age. The identification and treatment of people with latent TB is an important part of controlling this disease. Various treatment regimens are in use for latent tuberculosis. They generally need to be taken for several months.
  • 1.6K
  • 02 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Molecular Therapeutics for Corneal Scar Treatment
The process of corneal wound healing is complex and induces scar formation. Corneal scarring is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. The fibrotic healing of a major ocular wound disrupts the highly organized fibrillar collagen arrangement of the corneal stroma, rendering it opaque. The process of regaining this organized extracellular matrix (ECM) arrangement of the stromal layer to restore corneal transparency is complicated. The surface retention capacity of ocular drugs is poor, and there is a large gap between suitable corneal donors and clinical requirements. 
  • 1.6K
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Kukna Language
Kukna is a minority language spoken by the Saraswat Konkani people of Karnataka and in some parts of Kerala.[note 1]
  • 1.6K
  • 21 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Bioproducts from the Microalgae-Bacteria Interaction
In nature, interactions between bacteria and microalgae play an indispensable role in maintaining the integrity of the aquatic ecosystem through networks of interactions such as competition and mutualism. In fact, in the wild, the growth of algae is consistently associated with the growth of other microorganisms, especially bacteria. Axenic culture systems and sterilization of culture media in large-scale production of microalga are not economically feasible. Therefore, the characterization of associated heterotrophs in algae culture systems is an important step since bacteria may use compounds excreted by algae, increasing the availability of trace elements and solubility of nutrients, making them more bioavailable for microalgae. In addition, they can help to reduce the saturation of dissolved O2. In microalgae cultivation, it is well known that dissolved O2 can attain inhibitory levels.
  • 1.6K
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Biomimetic 3D Scaffolds to Reproduce Periodontal Ligament Microenvironment
The periodontium is a complex system composed of gingiva, periodontal ligament (PDL), cementum, and alveolar bone, featuring a hierarchically compartmentalized architecture. The homeostasis of this system is maintained by the PDL, a specialized connective tissue, which is located between the cementum and alveolar bone and articulates (gomphosis) the teeth to the jaws. Embryologically, PDL derives from the dental follicle cells under the guidance of Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath (HERS), which secrete numerous epithelium-derived factors before obliterating almost completely.
  • 1.6K
  • 05 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Genomics
A genome is an organism’s comprehensive collection of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA), which contains all of its genes. Genomic science or genomics is the study of the genome’s structure, function, evolution, mapping and modifications. 
  • 1.6K
  • 07 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Nrf2 to Maintain Redox Homeostasis in Cardiometabolic Diseases
The transcription factor Nrf2 is a master regulator of multiple cytoprotective genes that maintain redox homeostasis and exert anti-inflammatory functions. The Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway is a paramount target of many cardioprotective strategies, because redox homeostasis is essential in cardiovascular health. Nrf2 gene variations, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), are correlated with cardiometabolic diseases and drug responses. SNPs of Nrf2, KEAP1, and other related genes can impair the transcriptional activation or the activity of the resulting protein, exerting differential susceptibility to cardiometabolic disease progression and prevalence.
  • 1.6K
  • 21 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Bioluminescence-Induced Photoswitchable Protein-Based Optical Probes
Bioluminescence-based probes have long been used to quantify and visualize biological processes in vitro and in vivo. It is obvious that using bioluminescence to trigger optogenetic tools has advantages such as noninvasive detection and spatial and temporal precision. Berglund and co-workers fused channelrhodopsin-2 with Gaussia luciferase to create luminopsin (LMO) that responds to intrinsic biological light from the reaction of luciferase and coelenterazine. Since then, the merging of bioluminescence and photosensory domains has become a novel strategy for the design and expansion of toolboxes for sensing and controlling biological processes, which is not only applied in neuroscience, but has also gradually come to play a role in other biological areas. These probes generally consist of two key components, the luciferase and the light-activated proteins in one molecule or in one system. Bioluminescence typically created by a coelenterazine-type luciferin–luciferase system triggers the photosensitive domains so as to drive downstream biological processes.
  • 1.6K
  • 27 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Diabetic Gastroparesis
Diabetic gastroparesis (DGP) is a debilitating gastrointestinal disorder characterized by delayed gastric emptying in individuals with diabetes mellitus, particularly type 1 and long-standing type 2 diabetes. This condition, although not widely known, significantly impacts the quality of life of affected individuals. The symptoms of DGP, including early satiety, excessive fullness after meals, loss of appetite, bloating, abdominal pain, and vomiting, stem from the slowed or stalled movement of food from the stomach to the small intestine.
  • 1.6K
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Delayed Contralateral Nephrectomy
Background: Successful treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI)-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) is unresolved. We aimed to characterize the time-course of changes after contralateral nephrectomy (Nx) in a model of unilateral ischemic AKI-induced CKD with good translational utility. (2) Methods: Severe (30 min) left renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) or sham operation (S) was performed in male Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice followed by Nx or S one week later. Expression of proinflammatory, oxidative stress, injury and fibrotic markers was evaluated by RT-qPCR. (3) Results: Upon Nx, the injured kidney hardly functioned for three days, but it gradually regained function until day 14 to 21, as demonstrated by the plasma urea. Functional recovery led to a drastic reduction in inflammatory infiltration by macrophages and by decreases in macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) mRNA and most injury markers. However, without Nx, a marked upregulation of proinflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1 and complement-3 (C3)); oxidative stress (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, NRF2) and fibrosis (collagen-1a1 (Col1a1) and fibronectin-1 (FN1)) genes perpetuated, and the injured kidney became completely fibrotic. Contralateral Nx delayed the development of renal failure up to 20 weeks. (4) Conclusion: Our results suggest that macrophage activation is involved in postischemic renal fibrosis, and it is drastically suppressed by contralateral nephrectomy ameliorating progression.
  • 1.5K
  • 02 Nov 2020
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