Your browser does not fully support modern features. Please upgrade for a smoother experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Abscisic Acid and WUE
ABA controls multiple plant physiological and biochemical processes. Here we have highlighted the role of this hormone in the regulation of plant WUE and reviewed promising  biotechnogical approches to confer drought resistance and  improve crop WUE.
  • 1.6K
  • 22 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Melatonin Regulate ROS and NO
Abiotic stress in plants is an increasingly common problem in agriculture, and thus, studies on plant treatments with specific compounds that may help to mitigate these effects have increased in recent years. Melatonin (MET) application and its role in mitigating the negative effects of abiotic stress in plants have become important in the last few years. MET, a derivative of tryptophan, is an important plant-related response molecule involved in the growth, development, and reproduction of plants, and the induction of different stress factors. In addition, MET plays a protective role against different abiotic stresses such as salinity, high/low temperature, high light, waterlogging, nutrient deficiency and stress combination by regulating both the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems. Moreover, MET interacts with many signaling molecules, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), and participates in a wide variety of physiological reactions. It is well known that NO produces S-nitrosylation and NO2-Tyr of important antioxidant-related proteins, with this being an important mechanism for maintaining the antioxidant capacity of the AsA/GSH cycle under nitro-oxidative conditions, as extensively reviewed here under different abiotic stress conditions.
  • 1.6K
  • 18 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Inorganic and Polymeric Nanoparticles
Nanomedicine is a multidisciplinary field  for medical purposes and can be defined as the use of nanomaterials for diagnosis, monitoring, control, prevention, and treatment of diseases.
  • 1.6K
  • 28 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Macroalgae's Antiviral and Antioxidant Activity
species belonging to the Phaeophyceae and Rhodophceae classes are primarily potent against herpes simplex virus, followed by human immunodeficiency virus and influenza virus.
  • 1.6K
  • 10 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Recovery Copper Using CSP
On the one hand, copper slag is nowadays a waste in copper pyrometallurgy despite the significant quantities of iron (>40 wt. %) and copper (1 to 2 wt. %). On the other hand, solar energy, when properly concentrated, offers great potential in high-temperature processes. Therefore, concentrated solar power (CSP) could be used in the treatment of copper slag to transform fayalite into magnetite and copper sulfides and oxides into copper nodules. This is the objective of this paper. The results show that fayalite was partially decomposed into magnetite and silica. Moreover, copper nodules (65–85 wt. % Cu) were identified in the treated samples, while the initial slag, analyzed by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, and SEM-EDX, did not show the presence of metallic copper. Finally, the treated copper slag was crushed and grinded down to 40 μm, and two fractions were obtained by magnetic separation. The magnetic fraction (85%) was mainly comprised of magnetite, while the non-magnetic fraction (15%) had 5–10 wt. % Cu. Considering the experimental results, 7.5–18 kg Cu/t slag might be recovered from the slag. A preliminary economic analysis, considering the current copper price, indicates that only the recovery of copper could represent a significant economic benefit (>30 €/t slag). Therefore, CSP might be a potential candidate for the treatment of copper slag to recover copper and iron.
  • 1.6K
  • 23 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Streptobacillus Moniliformis
Streptobacillus moniliformis is a non-motile, Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium that is a member of the family Leptotrichiaceae. The genome of S. moniliformis is one of two completed sequences of the order Fusobacteriales. Its name comes from the Greek word streptos for "curved" or "twisted", and the Latin words bacillus meaning "small rod" and moniliformis for "necklace". S. moniliformis is microaerophilic, requiring less oxygen than is present in the atmosphere for its growth.
  • 1.6K
  • 03 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Novel Animal Vitamin C Biosynthesis Pathways
Vitamin C (VC) is a water-soluble compound that, at physiological pH, is mainly found in a reduced ionizable form (L-ascorbate). The potential applications of VC have been the subject of research since it was first synthesized in 1933 to the present day, in many areas relevant to mankind, such as human nutrition, animal feed supplementation, agricultural and industrial waste management, and sustainable nanomaterial synthesis. This nutrient gained further relevance as a potential therapeutic agent for COVID-19 prevention and treatment.
  • 1.6K
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Data Mining in Agriculture
Data mining in agriculture is a recent research topic, consisting of the application of data mining techniques to agriculture. Recent technologies are able to provide extensive information on agricultural-related activities, which can then be analyzed in order to find relevant information. A related, but not equivalent term is precision agriculture.
  • 1.6K
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Developmental Disorder
Developmental disorders comprise a group of psychiatric conditions originating in childhood that involve serious impairment in different areas. There are several ways of using this term. The most narrow concept is used in the category "Specific Disorders of Psychological Development" in the ICD-10. These disorders comprise developmental language disorder, learning disorders, motor disorders, and autism spectrum disorders. In broader definitions ADHD is included, and the term used is neurodevelopmental disorders. Yet others include antisocial behavior and schizophrenia that begins in childhood and continues through life. However, these two latter conditions are not as stable as the other developmental disorders, and there is not the same evidence of a shared genetic liability. Developmental disorders are present from early life. Most improve as the child grows older, but some entail impairments that continue throughout life.
  • 1.6K
  • 18 Nov 2022
Biography
Charles Stevenson
Charles Leslie Stevenson (1908–1979) was an American analytic philosopher best known for his work in ethics[1] and aesthetics.[2] Stevenson was born on June 27, 1908, in Cincinnati, Ohio. He was educated at Yale, receiving in 1930 a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in English literature, at Cambridge where in 1933 he was awarded a BA degree in moral sciences (philosophy), and at Harvard, gettin
  • 1.6K
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Health Effects of Red Wine Consumption
A strong controversy persists regarding the effect of red wine (RW) consumption and health. Guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancers discourage alcohol consumption in any form, but several studies have demonstrated that low RW intake may have positive effects on CVD risk. 
  • 1.6K
  • 27 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Biomass Fly Ash-Based Geopolymers
The production of conventional cement involves high energy consumption and the release of substantial amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2), exacerbating climate change. Additionally, the extraction of raw materials, such as limestone and clay, leads to habitat destruction and biodiversity loss. Geopolymer technology offers a promising alternative to conventional cement by utilizing industrial byproducts and significantly reducing carbon emissions.
  • 1.6K
  • 10 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Two-Dimensional Quantum Billiards
Two-dimensional quantum billiards are one of the most important paradigms for exploring the connection between quantum and classical worlds. Researchers are mainly focused on nonintegrable and irregular shapes to understand the quantum characteristics of chaotic billiards. The emergence of the scarred modes relevant to unstable periodic orbits (POs) is one intriguing finding in nonintegrable quantum billiards. On the other hand, stable POs are abundant in integrable billiards. The quantum wavefunctions associated with stable POs have been shown to play a key role in ballistic transport. 
  • 1.6K
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Perovskite Quantum Dots
The excellent luminescence properties of perovskite quantum dots (PQDs), including wide excitation wavelength range, adjustable emission wavelength, narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM), and high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), highly match the application requirements in emerging displays.
  • 1.6K
  • 14 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Paroxysmal Movement Disorders
Paroxysmal movement disorders (PMDs) are rare neurological diseases typically manifesting with intermittent attacks of abnormal involuntary movements.
  • 1.6K
  • 06 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Continuous Microfluidics-Based Technologies for HIV
HIV-1 is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It affects millions of people worldwide and the pandemic persists despite the implementation of highly active antiretroviral therapy. A wide spectrum of techniques has been implemented in order to diagnose and monitor AIDS progression over the years. Besides the conventional approaches, microfluidics has provided useful methods for monitoring HIV-1 infection. In this review, we introduce continuous microfluidics as well as the fabrication and handling of microfluidic chips.
  • 1.6K
  • 14 Sep 2020
Topic Review
Pharmacological Activities of Galactomannan Derivatives
Galactomannans are versatile macromolecules with broad industrial potential. The influence of changes in the chemical structures and respective bioactivities of these polysaccharides have been extensively studied. The derivatives obtained by sulfation, complexation, and phosphorylation are the most studied biological properties in galactomannans. The derivatives obtained have shown several pharmacological activities such as antiviral, antimicrobial, anticoagulant, fibrinolytic, chemopreventive, anticancer, antioxidant, chondroprotective, analgesic, immunomodulatory, and antileishmanial. 
  • 1.6K
  • 24 Feb 2021
Topic Review
CDSSs in cardiac surgery diagnosis
The advances achieved in recent decades regarding cardiac surgery have led to a new risk that goes beyond surgeons’ dexterity; postoperative hours are crucial for cardiac surgery patients and are usually spent in intensive care units (ICUs), where the patients need to be continuously monitored to adjust their treatment. Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) have been developed to take this real-time information and provide clinical suggestions to physicians in order to reduce medical errors and to improve patient recovery. 
  • 1.6K
  • 01 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Spermine in Prostate Cancer
Spermine, a member of polyamines, exists in all organisms and is essential for normal cell growth and function. It is highly expressed in the prostate compared with other organs and is detectable in urine, tissue, expressed prostatic secretions, and erythrocyte. A significant reduction of spermine level was observed in prostate cancer (PCa) tissue compared with benign prostate tissue, and the level of urinary spermine was also significantly lower in men with PCa. Decreased spermine level may be used as an indicator of malignant phenotype transformation from normal to malignant tissue in prostate.
  • 1.6K
  • 25 May 2021
Topic Review
MoS2 Based Photodetectors
The properties of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), such as direct band gap transition in low dimensional structures, strong light–matter interaction and good carrier mobility, combined with the possibility of fabricating thin MoS2 films, have attracted interest for this material in the field of optoelectronics. 
  • 1.6K
  • 27 May 2021
  • Page
  • of
  • 2800
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Reprints

>>
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Medieval Royal Iconography
Academic Video Service
Feedback