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Topic Review
Blockchain Applications in Agribusiness
Blockchain is a communication network where data is stored and shared in a distributed manner among all its nodes and links, eliminating any reliable authority centralized in different business models and where each node can assume coordination without a unified data center. Blockchain is a chain of blocks of information forming a distributed database where a group of people controls, records, and shares information used in various types of applications and is interconnected through platforms and hardware worldwide.
  • 1.5K
  • 27 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Sphingosine Kinase/Sphingosine-1-Phosphate
Sphingolipid metabolites have emerged as critical players in the regulation of various physiological processes. Ceramide and sphingosine induce cell growth arrest and apoptosis, whereas sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) promotes cell proliferation and survival. 
  • 1.5K
  • 28 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Smart Manufacturing and Industry 4.0
Industry 4.0 is an advanced strategy introduced by the German government to promote the integration of diverse technologies that make manufacturing process smarter. For instance, the technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Internet of Service (IoS), social product development, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), and radio frequency identification (RFID) have been widely implemented to achieve smarter production system. The combination of this technology will foster mass customization, inexpensive product planning, accurate control of the manufacturing process, condition base maintenance, as well as the automated manufacturing process.These technological trends are designed to facilitate machine to machine (M2M) communication using minimal to null dependence on human force. Industry 4.0 transform processes, operations, machinery, supply chain management, and the entire energy footprint of manufacturing enterprises. It also enhances and monitors the after-purchase performance such as maintenance and servicing. At the global front, manufacturing enterprises are already exploring the limitless possibilities of Industry 4.0 and are reimagining the future. The traditional manufacturing processes and machinery are undergoing digitization and technological transformation to accelerate efficiency, flexibility, and speed to survive the fierce market competition.
  • 1.5K
  • 16 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Exercise Interventions in Cancer-Related Cachexia
Cancer-related cachexia is a complex multifactorial phenomenon in which systemic inflammation plays a key role in the development and maintenance of the symptomatology. Pharmacological interventions seem to produce a positive effect on inflammatory state and cachexia. Nutritional interventions are focused on a high-energy diet with high-density foods and the supplementation with antioxidants, while physical activity is focused on strength-based training. The implementation of multidisciplinary non-pharmacological interventions in cancer-related cachexia could be an important tool to improve traditional treatments and improve patients’ quality of life.
  • 1.5K
  • 14 Jun 2022
Topic Review
CYP3A in Health and Disease
CYP3A is an enzyme subfamily in the cytochrome P450 (CYP) superfamily and includes isoforms CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP3A7, and CYP3A43. CYP3A enzymes are indiscriminate toward substrates and are unique in that these enzymes metabolize both endogenous compounds and diverse xenobiotics. Constitutive regulation of CYP3A4 transcription, both positive and negative, is mediated by hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) and other hepatic transcription factors. CYP3A4 expression is modulated by various mechanisms involving nuclear receptors, hormones, xenobiotics, and signaling molecules. CYP3A4 is regulated by a large number of xenobiotics, including many drugs, endogenous compounds, and many hormones, such as triiodothyronine, dexamethasone, and growth hormone. Xenobiotic- and endobiotic-mediated CYP3A4 induction is indirect and entails activation of such ligand-dependent nuclear receptors as PXR, CAR, VDR, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) α, estrogen receptor (ER) α, bile acid receptor (farnesoid X receptor; FXR), oxysterol receptor (liver X receptor; LXR), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) as well as by binding to the three major cis-acting modules: CLEM4, distal XREM, and prPXRE.
  • 1.5K
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Leadership in Construction
Leadership plays an increasingly important role in construction projects, and numerous research studies have been conducted. By using visualisation analysis with CiteSpace, the structure evolution development trends of this knowledge domain is identified. A total of eight co-citation clusters were identified, and the research of leadership in construction primarily focused on the topics of transactional leadership, safety leadership, team performance, leadership interaction processes and actual leader behaviour. 
  • 1.5K
  • 29 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Present Status of Biocomposite Materials
Since the complete replacement of fossil-based products is not feasible due to cost and performance, bio-based composite materials may have bio-based polymers, bio-based reinforcement, and fillers, or both, while having other ingredients from fossil fuel sources. As for reinforcement, nature can offer wooden and non-wooden fibers (bast, leaf, seed, core, grass, and reed) as composite reinforcements. Cellulosic non-wooden fibers offer tensile strengths ranging from 80 MPa for sisal to 938 MPa for ramie. Applications of biocomposites in structures and infrastructures have proven useful in terms of their moderate mechanical properties, lower cost, availability, biodegradability, and environmental considerations.. Hemp has been used in composite materials. However, it presents challenges; hemp fibers contain a high level of moisture, as plant-based sources are hydrophilic in nature. Its mechanical, thermal, and physical properties, such as tensile strength, wettability, flammability, and swelling, vary. These properties change with changes in plant anatomy, fiber processing conditions, growth conditions, and experimental methods.
  • 1.5K
  • 09 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Mitochondrial Calcium
Mitochondria calcium is a double-edged sword. The low levels of calcium are essential to maintain optimal rates of ATP production, extreme levels of calcium overcoming the mitochondrial calcium retention capacity leads to loss of mitochondrial function. In moderate amounts, ATP synthesis rates are inhibited in a calcium-titratable manner.
  • 1.5K
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
LoRa Technology
Low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) constitute a variety of modern-day Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Long range (LoRa) is a promising LPWAN technology with its long-range and low-power benefits. Performance enhancement of LoRa networks is one of the crucial challenges to meet application requirements, and it primarily depends on the optimal selection of transmission parameters. 
  • 1.5K
  • 23 May 2023
Topic Review
SOFA Score
In 2016, the SOFA score was proposed as the main evaluation system for diagnosis in the definition of sepsis 3.0, and the SOFA score has become a new research focus in sepsis. Some people are skeptical about diagnosing sepsis using the SOFA score. Experts and scholars from different regions have proposed different, modified versions of SOFA score to make up for the related problems with the use of the SOFA score in the diagnosis of sepsis. 
  • 1.5K
  • 30 May 2023
Topic Review
Fungal Cell Factories for Proteins
Filamentous fungi are a large and diverse taxonomically group of microorganisms found in all habitats worldwide. They grow as a network of cells called hyphae. Since filamentous fungi live in very diverse habitats, they produce different enzymes to degrade material for their living, for example hydrolytic enzymes to degrade various kinds of biomasses. Moreover, they produce defense proteins (antimicrobial peptides) and proteins for attaching surfaces (hydrophobins). Many of them are easy to cultivate in different known setups (submerged fermentation and solid-state fermentation) and their secretion of proteins and enzymes are often much larger than what is seen from yeast and bacteria. Therefore, filamentous fungi are in many industries the preferred production hosts of different proteins and enzymes. Edible fungi have traditionally been used as food, such as mushrooms or in fermented foods. New trends are to use edible fungi to produce myco-protein enriched foods. 
  • 1.5K
  • 12 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Rice Co-Responding to Drought and Salt
Drought and salinity stresses are significant abiotic factors that limit rice yield. Exploring the co-response mechanism to drought and salt stress will be conducive to future rice breeding.
  • 1.5K
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Typeperf
As the next version of Windows NT after Windows 2000, as well as the successor to Windows Me, Windows XP introduced many new features but it also removed some others.
  • 1.5K
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Machine Learning from Drone Forensics
Drones are flying Internet of Things (IoT) objects that are an embodiment of hardware designed to be driven by software-based controls. Drones are programmed to fly according to user-defined specifications and have on-device IoT sensors and cameras augmented with a Global Positioning System (GPS) controller to facilitate their flight and all activity relevant to their operations. Drones are useful for several civilian applications.
  • 1.5K
  • 12 May 2022
Topic Review
Clinical nutrition management of sarcopenia/T2DM utilizing amino acids
Sarcopenia develops over time as a result of aging, and typically leads to muscle loss, a concurrent increase in fat mass, and a variety of health issues leading to an overall poor quality of life. There is some evidence that sarcopenia may be a contributing to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the elderly, and therefore nutritional management is key in the prevention of both sarcopenia and T2DM. The primary focus of nutritional management lays in the amount and quality of protein intake, which has led to the development of clinical nutritional therapies involving amino acids to improve muscle protein synthesis and decrease sarcopenia symptoms. In the work herein, we present and evaluate data derived from human trials regarding the utilization of hydroxyl-methyl butyrate (HMB), L-leucine (Leu), L-glutamine (Gln) and L-arginine (Arg) supplementation for optimal management of sarcopenia in geriatric patients, a topic of significant clinical nutrition interest which may have important implications in T2DM management.
  • 1.5K
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Hematopoiesis
Hematopoiesis is a stepwise process through which hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) differentiate to progenitor cells that demonstrate a restricted potential and eventually further differentiate to form all mature blood and immune cells. 
  • 1.5K
  • 07 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Abscisic Acid-Mediated Drought Stress
Drought is one of the major constraints to rain-fed agricultural production, especially under climate change conditions. Plants evolved an array of adaptive strategies that perceive stress stimuli and respond to these stress signals through specific mechanisms. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a premier signal for plants to respond to drought and plays a critical role in plant growth and development. 
  • 1.5K
  • 25 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Vitamin D Deficiency Status in Malaysia
Vitamin D is essential for maintaining serum calcium levels, ensuring sufficient bone mineralization, immunomodulatory properties, and a protective effect on the cardiovascular system, renal disease, cancer, as well as in pregnancy. Vitamin D deficiency can be managed with pharmacological or non-pharmacological approaches, depending on the severity. The objective is to raise serum vitamin D to a normal level, hence, relieving the symptoms and reducing the adverse health outcomes. Despite no clear guidelines in treating vitamin D deficiency in Malaysia, this condition can be prevented with taking adequate vitamin D in food resources, sun exposure, or supplementation. Special attention should be given to high-risk groups including infants, obese patients, and the elderly.
  • 1.5K
  • 11 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Improving Dust Collector Efficiency for Pneumatic Conveying
A dust collection system removes the dust contents of an industrial environment to provide a comfortable work environment and meet safety and health regulations. The system takes the dust particles and carries them outside for disposal or reuse possibilities.
  • 1.5K
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Raman Spectroscopy
Cancer still constitutes one of the main global health challenges. Novel approaches towards understanding the molecular composition of the disease can be employed as adjuvant tools to current oncological applications. Raman spectroscopy has been contemplated and pursued to serve as a noninvasive, real time, in vivo tool which may uncover the molecular basis of cancer and simultaneously offer high specificity, sensitivity, and multiplexing capacity, as well as high spatial and temporal resolution.
  • 1.5K
  • 11 Mar 2022
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