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Topic Review
Method of Pest Control in Insects
Modern agriculture and public health management both depend heavily on insect pest control. It includes a range of tactics and strategies meant to control and lessen the negative effects that insect pests have on human, animal, and agricultural populations.Chemical pesticides are a primary method of controlling insect pests. These chemicals are intended to target particular pests and disturb their life cycles or kill them. However, a heavy dependence on pesticides can result in damage to non-target creatures, environmental contamination, and pesticide resistance. Consequently, integrated pest management (IPM) has grown in popularity. IPM incorporates several tactics, such as mechanical measures (traps and barriers), cultural practices (rotation crops or modifying planting timings), and biological management (using natural predators or parasites to reduce pest populations). This minimizes the need for chemical treatments. Sustainable and environmentally friendly pest management techniques have become more popular recently, placing a focus on the use of biopesticides (naturally occurring organisms or their derivatives) and genetically modifying crops to ward off pests. Furthermore, developments in monitoring technology like remote sensing and data analytics assist farmers in making wise choices about pest control. Finally, insect pest management is a complex enterprise that has evolved to strike a balance between the need for pest mitigation and worries about the environment and human health, eventually maintaining food security and the health of ecosystems.
  • 1.6K
  • 11 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Gangliosidoses
Gangliosides are sialic acid containing complex glycolipids, anchored and enriched in the outer leaflet of neuronal plasma membranes, with their glycan chains facing the extracellular space. Undegradeable gangliosides and related glycosphingolipids and oligosaccharides accumulate progressively  in fatal lysosomal storage diseases, originally described as infantile amaurotic idiocy. Their lysosomal storage is caused by specific monogenic defects of catabolic hydrolyses or ancillary lipid-binding and -transfer proteins, essential for specific steps in their lysosomal catabolism.  However, small gangliosides can also accumulate as secondary material in other lysosomal storage diseases without a known defect in their catabolic pathway. Primary storage material of such diseases, sphingomyelin, lysosphingolipids, cholesterol and chondroitin sulfate are efficient inhibitors of specific steps of ganglioside catabolic pathway. They  can attenuate ganglioside turnover, assisted by lipid binding proteins, the GM2 activator protein (GM2AP) and saposin B
  • 1.6K
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Human Gastrointestinal Microbiota
The human gastrointestinal microbiota (GIM) is a complex and diverse ecosystem that consists of community of fungi, viruses, protists and majorly bacteria. The association of several human illnesses, such as inflammatory bowel disease, allergy, metabolic syndrome and cancers,have been linked directly or indirectly to compromise in the integrity of the GIM, for which some medical interventions have been proposed or attempted. This review highlights and gives update on various technologies, including microfluidics, high-through-put sequencing, metabolomics, metatranscriptomics and culture in GIM research and their applications in gastrointestinal microbiota therapy, with a view to raise interest in the evaluation, validation and eventual use of these technologies in diagnosis and the incorporation of therapies in routine clinical practice.
  • 1.6K
  • 27 Aug 2020
Topic Review
Fire-Fighting Adapter
The presented article presents an innovative solution of a fire-fighting adapter based on the basic hypothesis: to provide sufficient technical support in difficult terrain conditions for water transport logistics in order to quickly prevent the spread and destruction of forest fire. At present, when forest fires begin, it is often quite complicated to provide sufficient technical support for the quick prevention and elimination of fires. This fact is largely eliminated by the designed fire-fighting adapter. The mentioned fire-fighting adapter can be used as a fire-fighting mobile device with a base machine of a forest wheeled skidder (LKT), part of the long-distance transport of water in difficult terrain (lake system), a water tank in difficult terrain with the possibility of filling the Bambi bag with a helicopter, part of the long-distance transport of water in the case of a difficult water source without a forest access road network, and a mobile device for emergency transportation of materials in difficult terrain. In addition to the use for fighting forest fires, the fire adapter can also be used to provide for transport of water for forest nurseries (irrigation), freshly planted areas in the event of prolonged drought, the filling of watering-places for forest animals and filling puddles in the dry season. When designing the supporting frame, we used and imitated the evolutionary approach of nature in the form of generative design. The presented paper deals with the use of modern composite materials in the design of superstructures for base machines, which gradually acquire meaning. The main reason for the increasing use of fiberglass is to achieve higher strength and safer weight reduction. This adapter is designed for forest wheel tractors that reach 40% slope availability, areable to work on the stand area, overcome obstacles and are available in sufficient quantities in all Slovak forest areas.
  • 1.6K
  • 18 Aug 2020
Topic Review
CD146 (MCAM)
CD146 is a cell adhesion molecule expressed on all the vascular tree and belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Two isoforms of CD146 exists, a long isoform expressed at the cell junction and a short isoform located at the apical membrane of the cells. CD146 appears to be critical in regulating vascular permeability, cell-cell cohesion, leukocyte transmigration, and angiogenesis. As a consequence, CD146 is involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases including autoimmune diseases and cancers. Also, CD146 exists in a soluble form generated via the action of matrix metalloproteinases and referred to as soluble CD146 (sCD146). The concentration of sCD146 is quantifiable in the sera and cerebrospinal fluid of healthy individuals. Indeed, any variation in its physiological concentration is associated with certain diseases making it an excellent biomarker for diagnostic purposes.  
  • 1.6K
  • 27 Apr 2021
Topic Review
HPA Axis and Allopregnanolone
Under stressful conditions, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis acts to promote transitory physiological adaptations that are often resolved after the stressful stimulus is no longer present. In addition to corticosteroids (e.g., cortisol), the neurosteroid allopregnanolone (3α,5α-tetrahydroprogesterone, 3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one) participates in negative feedback mechanisms that restore homeostasis. Chronic, repeated exposure to stress impairs the responsivity of the HPA axis and dampens allopregnanolone levels, participating in the etiopathology of psychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). MDD and PTSD patients present abnormalities in the HPA axis regulation, such as altered cortisol levels or failure to suppress cortisol release in the dexamethasone suppression test. Herein, we review the neurophysiological role of allopregnanolone both as a potent and positive GABAergic neuromodulator but also in its capacity of inhibiting the HPA axis. The allopregnanolone function in the mechanisms that recapitulate stress-induced pathophysiology, including MDD and PTSD, and its potential as both a treatment target and as a biomarker for these disorders is discussed. 
  • 1.6K
  • 13 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Phase Separation of Intrinsically Disordered Nucleolar Proteins
The process of phase separation allows for the establishment and formation of subcompartmentalized structures, thus enabling cells to perform simultaneous processes with precise organization and low energy requirements. Chemical modifications of proteins, RNA, and lipids alter the molecular environment facilitating enzymatic reactions at higher concentrations in particular regions of the cell. 
  • 1.6K
  • 14 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Forest Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Diversity in Nepal
Seventy ant species from thirty-six genera and six subfamilies were recorded from eastern, central, and western regions of Nepal using vegetation beating, sweeping, and hand collection methods. The research also discovered five genera and nine species new for the country, as well as eight tramp species, four of which are major ecological, agricultural, and/or household pests. Ant diversity was found to decrease with increasing elevation. The assessment of ant diversity using multiple sampling methods that cover all seasons and forest types may be useful in obtaining complete ant diversity data. Early intervention through sustainable forest management initiatives would aid in preventing invasive ant incursions in the forests of Nepal.
  • 1.6K
  • 23 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Health-Related Crises in Tourism Destination Management
Tourism is one of the world’s largest and most revenue-generating industries, being an essential tool for economic growth in most developing countries, yet highly vulnerable to disruptive events such as crises and disasters. Between 2000 - 2020, the tourism industry has witnessed a range of health-related crises, with the outbreak of COVID-19 bringing the industry to a standstill. 
  • 1.6K
  • 12 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Circadian Clock
Most living organisms in both the plant and animal kingdoms have evolved processes to stay in tune with the alternation of day and night, and to optimize their physiology as a function of light supply. In mammals, a circadian clock relying on feedback loops between key transcription factors will thus control the temporally regulated pattern of expression of most genes. Modern ways of life have highly altered the synchronization of human activities with their circadian clocks. The circadian clock orchestrates most physiological events in living organisms and its deregulation in association with modern ways of life correlates with the rise of multiple pathologies in humans. 
  • 1.6K
  • 23 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Aflatoxins in Cereals and Cereal-Based Products
Cereals and cereal-based products are primary sources of nutrition across the world. However, contamination of these foods with aflatoxins (AFs), secondary metabolites produced by several fungal species, has raised serious concerns. AF generation in innate substrates is influenced by several parameters, including the substrate type, fungus species, moisture content, minerals, humidity, temperature, and physical injury to the kernels. Consumption of AF-contaminated cereals and cereal-based products can lead to both acute and chronic health issues related to physical and mental maturity, reproduction, and the nervous system. Therefore, the precise detection methods, detoxification, and management strategies of AFs in cereal and cereal-based products are crucial for food safety as well as consumer health.
  • 1.6K
  • 03 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Conduct Disorder
Conduct disorder (CD) is a mental disorder diagnosed in childhood or adolescence that presents itself through a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that includes theft, lies, physical violence that may lead to destruction and wanton breaking of rules, in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate norms are violated. These behaviors are often referred to as "antisocial behaviors." It is often seen as the precursor to antisocial personality disorder, which is per definition not diagnosed until the individual is 18 years old. Conduct disorder may result from parental rejection and neglect and can be treated with family therapy, as well as behavioral modifications and pharmacotherapy. Conduct disorder is estimated to affect 51.1 million people globally as of 2013.
  • 1.6K
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Functional MRI in Radiology
Although the international community for human brain mapping has met since 1995, the researchers fascinated by human brain function are still young and innovative. However, the impact of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) on prognosis and treatment decisions is restricted, even though standardized methods have been developed. The tradeoff between the groundbreaking studies on brain function and the attempt to provide reliable biomarkers for clinical decisions is large. 
  • 1.6K
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Transcription and RNA Editing in Plant Chloroplasts
RNA editing is generally perceived as a repair tool to correct genomic mutation (point mutation) at the transcript level in organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts.
  • 1.6K
  • 21 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Bast Fiber Plants
Heavy metal pollution in the environment is a major concern for humans as it is non-biodegradable and can have a lot of effects on the environment, humans as well as plants. A solution to this problem is suggested in terms of a new, innovative and eco-friendly technology known as phytoremediation. Bast fiber plants are typically non-edible crops that have a short life cycle. It is one of the significant crops that has attracted interest for many industrial uses because of its constant fiber supply and ease of maintenance. Due to its low maintenance requirements with minimum economic investment, bast fiber plants have been widely used in phytoremediation.
  • 1.6K
  • 04 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Thalassotherapy for Improving Well-Being and Post-Oncology Recovery
Cancer treatments have undergone significant advances, although they are not exempt from side effects, including skin toxicity. Different studies show that skin care for cancer patients can be effective in reducing sequelae such as inflammation, xerosis, skin rash, and radiodermatitis, among others. It is necessary to implement measures that improve the patient’s well-being and, therefore, thalassotherapy techniques and the marine environment could be an effective resource to achieve this goal. Thalassotherapy is the combined use of marine elements (water, algae, mud and climate), in a marine environment for healing and well-being improvement purposes. 
  • 1.6K
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Principle of Hydrophobicity
Hydrophobic thin films have attracted significant attention in both basic research and practical applications due to their unique properties. These thin films have undergone extensive study, and numerous efforts have been made to broaden their application fields to include areas such as oil hydrophobicity, hydrophobic anti-icing, and hydrophobic anti-corrosion. Additionally, fresh studies that explore approximate theories and fabrication techniques for hydrophobic thin films have emerged.
  • 1.6K
  • 25 May 2023
Topic Review
Green Innovation in State-Owned Enterprises
Green innovation is an advancement in environmental sustainability that has a positive impact on both economic development and the environment. For this reason, governments and societies put growing attention to green innovation. Green innovation has a positive impact on enterprises; however, there is no consensus for what concern the efficiency of green innovation in state-owned enterprises. The latter is relevant because of the predominant position of state-owned enterprises in high-polluting and energy industries, and their connection with governments and their policies.
  • 1.6K
  • 17 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Biolubricants Based on Vegetable Oils
Biolubricants are a kind of lubricant obtained from plants (mainly vegetable oils such as cardoon, corn, palm, safflower, or rapeseed oils), which makes them biodegradable and environmentally friendly (especially important if they are spilled in the environment).  They mainly act as anti-friction media between contact surfaces.
  • 1.6K
  • 20 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Concentrated Solar Power Technology in Photocatalytic Water Purification
Photocatalysis, a promising semiconductor-based technology activated by free and eternal solar energy, has great potential for addressing environmental remediation and energy conversion challenges. Concentrated solar power (CSP) technologies, namely parabolic trough reflectors, solar power towers, parabolic dish reflectors and linear Fresnel reflectors, exhibited excellent feasibility for boosting solar-driven photocatalytic processes. Based on the structural characteristics of CSP technologies, the CSP-based photocatalytic reactors could be divided into concentrated types and non/low-concentrated types. 
  • 1.6K
  • 23 Feb 2024
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