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Topic Review
Temperature-to-Digital Converters
Temperature-to-Digital Converters (TDCs) are on-chip sensors that generate temperature-dependent digital codes.
  • 1.6K
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Color Saturation of Travel Pictures on Consumer Appeal
In the Internet era, online channels have contributed significantly to tourism marketing and promotion. Consumers will receive tourism information online to reduce information asymmetry. Moreover, with overwhelming levels of information, consumers may only get a limited amount of information. Visual design is essential among the various factors researchers have thoroughly investigated. Studies have recognized the importance of the color characteristics of travel photos on consumer decisions.
  • 1.6K
  • 18 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Snow Leopard Landscapes
High Asia, the high-altitude habitat of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia), covers the mountainous regions of Asia’s twelve countries, including Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. The transboundary landscape occupied by snow leopards covers an area of about 3.0247 million square kilometers. China possesses about 60% of the global snow leopard landscape, and China shares its border with 10 (the only exception being Uzbekistan) out of the total 12 snow leopard range countries. The snow leopard is an umbrella species from the high-altitude transboundary Asian regions. It is a threatened carnivore of an elusive and secretive nature. Globally, the population of snow leopards is estimated to be 4500–7500 animals in the wild.
  • 1.6K
  • 14 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Otter
Otters are small to medium-sized carnivorous mammals belonging to the family Mustelidae, which also includes weasels, badgers, martens, and ferrets. Otters are known for their playful nature, streamlined bodies, and semi-aquatic habits. There are 13 extant species of otters that inhabit a range of environments from freshwater rivers to coastal marine ecosystems. Otters are remarkable for their adaptations to an aquatic lifestyle, including webbed feet, dense fur, and specialized behavior patterns related to hunting and social interaction.
  • 1.6K
  • 28 May 2025
Topic Review
Morning Tiredness
Morning tiredness (also known as morning fatigue) is a feeling of prolonged tiredness experienced in the morning. It could be caused by a simple reason such as inadequate sleep, however it could also be a sign of an underlying health problem. There have been numerous scientific studies conducted on morning tiredness such as it's relationship with caffeine in children and its association with a person's particular characteristic such as their level of exercise. Morning tiredness is not to be confused with sleep inertia which is the short term drowsiness experienced immediately after waking up.
  • 1.6K
  • 26 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Hot-Melt Adhesive Composition
Hot-melt adhesives (HMAs) are thermoplastic materials that can bond various substrates by solidifying rapidly upon cooling from the molten state, and their modification with organosilicon compounds can result in crosslinking behavior, characteristic of gels. Organosilicon compounds are hybrid molecules that have both inorganic and organic components and can enhance the properties and performance of HMAs.
  • 1.6K
  • 20 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Edible Aquatic Insects: Diversities, Nutrition, and Safety
Edible insects have great potential to be human food; among them, aquatic insects have unique characteristics. In contrast with the role of plant feeders that most terrestrial edible insect species play, most aquatic edible insects are carnivorous animals. Besides the differences in physiology and metabolism, there are differences in fat, fatty acid, limiting/flavor amino acid, and mineral element contents between terrestrial and aquatic insects.
  • 1.6K
  • 04 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Concurrent Disorder
Concurrent disorder refers to a diverse set of combinations of substance use disorders and mental disorders simultaneously in need of treatment. Concurrent disorders are underdiagnosed, undertreated, and more complex to manage, practicing the best recommendations can support better outcomes. The purpose of this work is to systematically assess the quality of the current concurrent disorders’ clinical recommendation management guidelines. Literature searches were performed by two independent authors in electronic databases, web, and gray literature. The inclusion criteria were English language clinical management guidelines for adult concurrent disorders between 2000 and 2020. The initial search resulted in 8841 hits. A total of 24 guidelines were identified and assessed with the standardized guidelines assessment tool: AGREE II (Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation). Most guidelines had acceptable standards, however, only the NICE guidelines had all detailed information on all AGREE II Domains. Guidelines generally supported combinations of treatments for individual disorders with a very small evidence base for concurrent disorders, and they provided little recommendation for further structuring of the field, such as level of complexity or staging, or evaluating dierent models of treatment integration.
  • 1.6K
  • 01 Sep 2020
Topic Review
Honeybee Microbiota
Numerous honeybee (Apis mellifera) products, such as honey, propolis, and bee venom, are used in traditional medicine to prevent illness and promote healing. Therefore, this insect has a huge impact on humans’ way of life and the environment. While the population of A. mellifera is large, there is concern that widespread commercialization of beekeeping, combined with environmental pollution and the action of bee pathogens, has caused significant problems for the health of honeybee populations. One of the strategies to preserve the welfare of honeybees is to better understand and protect their natural microbiota. 
  • 1.6K
  • 05 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Algae-Derived Compounds against PM-induced Diseases
Air pollution has recently become a subject of increasing concern in many parts of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that nearly 4.2 million early deaths are due to exposure to fine particles in polluted air, which causes multiple respiratory diseases. As a natural product, algae can be an alternative treatment due to potential biofunctional properties and advantages.
  • 1.6K
  • 07 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Recovery Copper Using CSP
On the one hand, copper slag is nowadays a waste in copper pyrometallurgy despite the significant quantities of iron (>40 wt. %) and copper (1 to 2 wt. %). On the other hand, solar energy, when properly concentrated, offers great potential in high-temperature processes. Therefore, concentrated solar power (CSP) could be used in the treatment of copper slag to transform fayalite into magnetite and copper sulfides and oxides into copper nodules. This is the objective of this paper. The results show that fayalite was partially decomposed into magnetite and silica. Moreover, copper nodules (65–85 wt. % Cu) were identified in the treated samples, while the initial slag, analyzed by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, and SEM-EDX, did not show the presence of metallic copper. Finally, the treated copper slag was crushed and grinded down to 40 μm, and two fractions were obtained by magnetic separation. The magnetic fraction (85%) was mainly comprised of magnetite, while the non-magnetic fraction (15%) had 5–10 wt. % Cu. Considering the experimental results, 7.5–18 kg Cu/t slag might be recovered from the slag. A preliminary economic analysis, considering the current copper price, indicates that only the recovery of copper could represent a significant economic benefit (>30 €/t slag). Therefore, CSP might be a potential candidate for the treatment of copper slag to recover copper and iron.
  • 1.6K
  • 23 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Essential Oil from Cistus ladanifer L.
In Oulmes (Middle Atlas, Morocco), the local population uses C. ladanifer traditionally to treat various diseases and health issues due to its antioxidant, gastric, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimicrobial, and antiviral properties. This plant is usually harvested in May in this area (flowering time). The leaves of all Cistus species secrete essential oils. Essential oils from different species of medicinal plants have been documented to possess antimicrobial propriety with strong activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and also fungi.
  • 1.6K
  • 25 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Motor Imagery
Scholars have recently used “motor imagery” (MI) to refer to the imagination of moving particular body parts. Among the frameworks trying to explain the essence of motor imagery, there are two primary ones—motor simulation and motor emulation theory.
  • 1.6K
  • 27 Apr 2022
Topic Review
LOXL2 Inhibitors and Breast Cancer Progression
LOX (lysyl oxidase) and lysyl oxidase like-1–4 (LOXL 1–4) are amine oxidases, which catalyze cross-linking reactions of elastin and collagen in the connective tissue. These amine oxidases also allow the cross-link of collagen and elastin in the extracellular matrix of tumors, facilitating the process of cell migration and the formation of metastases. LOXL2 is of particular interest in cancer biology as it is highly expressed in some tumors. This protein also promotes oncogenic transformation and affects the proliferation of breast cancer cells. LOX and LOXL2 inhibition have thus been suggested as a promising strategy to prevent metastasis and invasion of breast cancer. BAPN (β-aminopropionitrile) was the first compound described as a LOX inhibitor and was obtained from a natural source.
  • 1.6K
  • 23 May 2022
Topic Review
Perovskite Quantum Dots
The excellent luminescence properties of perovskite quantum dots (PQDs), including wide excitation wavelength range, adjustable emission wavelength, narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM), and high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), highly match the application requirements in emerging displays.
  • 1.6K
  • 14 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Wireless Sensor Network in Environment Monitoring
The Internet of Things (IoT) technology and its applications are turning real-world things into smart objects, integrating everything under a common infrastructure to manage performance through a software application and offering upgrades with integrated web servers in a timely manner. Quality of life, the green economy, and pollution management in society require comprehensive environmental monitoring systems with easy-to-use features and maintenance.
  • 1.6K
  • 11 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Novel Animal Vitamin C Biosynthesis Pathways
Vitamin C (VC) is a water-soluble compound that, at physiological pH, is mainly found in a reduced ionizable form (L-ascorbate). The potential applications of VC have been the subject of research since it was first synthesized in 1933 to the present day, in many areas relevant to mankind, such as human nutrition, animal feed supplementation, agricultural and industrial waste management, and sustainable nanomaterial synthesis. This nutrient gained further relevance as a potential therapeutic agent for COVID-19 prevention and treatment.
  • 1.6K
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Timeline of Leukemia
This is a timeline of leukemia, describing especially major discoveries and advances in treatment against the disease.
  • 1.6K
  • 07 Nov 2022
Topic Review
The Orchids of Wetland Vegetation in Central Balkans
The orchid family (Orchidaceae) is one of the largest and most diverse families in the plant kingdom, with approximately 28,000 species and 880 genera. Because of their germination limitation, mycorrhizal specificity and pollinator specialization, orchids are particularly vulnerable to changes in ecosystem balance, especially changes in moisture content, light regime, nutrient availability and competition levels. Habitat changes or their complete destruction have led to the extinction or decline in abundance and distribution of many orchids and, consequently, many species are protected by laws and/or are included in Red Data Books. Therefore, knowledge of the habitats and ecological preferences of orchids is a prerequisite for their appropriate conservation.
  • 1.6K
  • 05 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Nanocellulose Functional Material
Nanocellulose is generally defined as cellulose particles or fibers with dimensions in the nanometer range. It can be derived from different cellulose sources, such as wood pulp, agricultural residues, or bacterial cultures, using various methods including mechanical treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, or chemical processes.
  • 1.6K
  • 28 Jul 2023
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