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Topic Review
Coenzyme Q10 in Fibromyalgia
The coenzyme Q10 is a naturally occurring benzoquinone derivative widely prescribed as a food supplement for different physical conditions and pathologies. Thanks to its favourable combination of functional activity and safety profile, it is widely prescribed for an ever increasing number of physical conditions. Ageing, myopathy, cardiomyopathy, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, migraine, diabetes, infertility, Friedreich's ataxia, and neurologic disorders like Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases, are but a few examples that today prompt practitioners to prescribe CoQ10. To this already extensive list, fibromyalgia has been added, once it has been clear that CoQ10 deficiency and mitochondrial dysfunction are both implicated in its pathophysiology. 
  • 1.6K
  • 09 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Polymeric Micelles for Anticancer Hydrophobic Drugs
Cancer has become one of the deadliest diseases in our society. Surgery accompanied by subsequent chemotherapy is the treatment most used to prolong or save the patient’s life. Still, it carries secondary risks such as infections and thrombosis and causes cytotoxic effects in healthy tissues. Using nanocarriers such as smart polymer micelles is a promising alternative to avoid or minimize these problems. These nanostructured systems will be able to encapsulate hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs through modified copolymers with various functional groups such as carboxyls, amines, hydroxyls, etc.
  • 1.6K
  • 13 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Monitoring the Aging Condition of Paper Insulation
Chemical compounds dissolved in insulating oil, as indicators can excellently monitor the paper aging condition, which has attracted increasing interest in areas of transformer condition monitoring and fault diagnosis. Because of their outstanding features, such as good correlation with the degree of polymerization of cellulose paper and the aid of non-destructive online monitoring, chemical indicators have been effectively used for transformer condition assessment.
  • 1.6K
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Symbiotic Radio
The sixth generation (6G) wireless technology aims to achieve global connectivity with environmentally sustainable networks to improve the overall quality of life. The driving force behind these networks is the rapid evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT), which has led to a proliferation of wireless applications across various domains through the massive deployment of IoT devices. Symbiotic radio (SRad) technology is a promising solution that enables cooperative resource-sharing among radio systems through symbiotic relationships.
  • 1.6K
  • 09 Mar 2023
Topic Review Video
The 12 Rs Framework for Research with Animals
Animals have been used in research for various purposes, ranging from animal, agricultural, wildlife, environmental and medical sciences to education and training. The ethical and humane use of animals for scientific purposes is often referred to animal research ethics. The latter has matured substantially, so that it has become a cornerstone for responsible conduct of research. Scientific studies using animals are diverse and specialized in nature, and the intricacy of animal welfare and other key ethical aspects to be considered has also become expansive and complex, requiring a simplified, birds-eye view model, here called the 12Rs Framework, to guide all stakeholders between key considerations and fostering ethical integrity.
  • 1.6K
  • 28 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Dual-Motor Coupling Drive System for Electric Vehicles
The driving range of electric vehicles (EVs) is still an important factor restricting their development. Although the rising battery energy density has reached a bottleneck, which is a key constraint, the drive energy management strategy also has a significant effect and can improve the driving range of EVs. Herein, the typical configurations of the dual-motor coupling drive system (DCDS) are introduced, and the power distribution strategies of the DCDS are comprehensively reviewed.
  • 1.6K
  • 11 May 2023
Topic Review
Antarctic Fur Seal
The Antarctic Fur Seal, scientifically known as Arctocephalus gazella, is a charismatic marine mammal native to the subantarctic and Antarctic regions. Recognized for its dense fur coat, robust build, and distinctive facial features, this species is a top predator in its icy habitat. Antarctic Fur Seals play a vital role in marine ecosystems, influencing prey populations and contributing to the overall health of polar environments.
  • 1.6K
  • 15 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Microextraction Techniques in Lipid Peroxidation Product Detection
Lipid peroxidation, the most aggressive reaction in food, results in the formation of reactive organic compounds that detrimentally impact food sensory qualities and consumers’ health. While controlled lipid peroxidation can enhance flavors and appearance in certain foods, secondary peroxidation products lead to sensory deterioration in a variety of products, such as oils, alcoholic beverages, and meat. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and gas-diffusion microextraction (GDME). These techniques offer efficient and sensitive approaches to extracting and quantifying lipid oxidation products and contribute to the understanding of oxidative deterioration in various food products. 
  • 1.6K
  • 26 Oct 2023
Topic Review
DOG1
DOG1 (Delay of Germination-1), is a master regulator of primary seed dormancy that acts in concert with ABA to delay germination. The strongly regulated expression of DOG1 increases during seed maturation, and the DOG1-mRNA disappears quickly after seed imbibition, although the DOG1 protein is more stable. DOG1 expression is notably induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and low temperature during seed maturation. The DOG1 action involves the suppression of the ABA HYPERSENSITIVE GERMINATION (AHG1/AHG3) activity to enhance ABA sensitivity and finally impose the primary dormancy (PD). This suppression needs the formation of DOG1-heme complex. Together, DOG1 function is not restricted to PD process, but that it is also required for other facets of seed maturation and plant development (e.g. flowering and drought tolerance), in part by also interfering with the ethylene signaling components.  
  • 1.6K
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Theories of Transformation of Society
To investigate and create theories of socio-economic dynamics has always been relevant for professionals in theoretical and applied economics. These theories are urgent in periods of global and catastrophic events since, on the one hand, they can explain the emergence of critical structural changes in society, and on the other hand, they can determine the likelihood of surviving of crisis processes. However, there are some drawbacks involved therein, and the poor ability to predict unexpected and shocking events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, is a key one. 
  • 1.6K
  • 25 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Plasmodesmata Conductivity Regulation
Plant cells form a multicellular symplast via cytoplasmic bridges called plasmodesmata (Pd) and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that crosses almost all plant tissues. The Pd proteome is mainly represented by secreted Pd-associated proteins (PdAPs), the repertoire of which quickly adapts to environmental conditions and responds to biotic and abiotic stresses. Although the important role of Pd in stress-induced reactions is universally recognized, the mechanisms of Pd control are still not fully understood. The negative role of callose in Pd permeability has been convincingly confirmed experimentally, yet the roles of cytoskeletal elements and many PdAPs remain unclear. Here, we discuss the contribution of each protein component to Pd control. Based on known data, we offer mechanistic models of mature leaf Pd regulation in response to stressful effects.
  • 1.6K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells
PbS (lead sulfide) colloidal quantum dots consist of crystallites with diameters in the nanometer range with organic molecules on their surfaces, partly with additional metal complexes as ligands. These surface molecules are responsible for solubility and prevent aggregation, but the interface between semiconductor quantum dots and ligands also influences the electronic structure. PbS quantum dots are especially interesting for optoelectronic applications and spectroscopic techniques, including photoluminescence, photodiodes and solar cells.
  • 1.6K
  • 12 Sep 2020
Topic Review
Data-Driven Predictive Maintenance
Cyber-physical systems in Industry 4.0 are reforming conventional decision-making processes, mainly through integrating entities and functionalities via telecommunication systems and intelligent data processing approaches. This reformulation brings new challenges and increases complexity. Nevertheless, these advancements might provide new solutions for typical problems, such as system failures, and thus, for maintenance approaches. Predictive Maintenance (PdM) is a data-based approach that emerged as a prominent field of research among many existing maintenance approaches. We have three main categories in PdM: model-based prognosis, knowledge-based prognosis, and data-driven prognosis. Data-driven PdM strategies appeared with great prominence and importance both in industry and academia.
  • 1.6K
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Silver and Gold Nanoparticles
Silver and gold nanoparticles can be found in a range of household products related to almost every area of life, including patches, bandages, paints, sportswear, personal care products, food storage equipment, cosmetics, disinfectants, etc. Their confirmed ability to enter the organism through respiratory and digestive systems, skin, and crossing the blood–brain barrier raises questions of their potential effect on cell function. Therefore, this manuscript aimed to summarize recent reports concerning the influence of variables such as size, shape, concentration, type of coating, or incubation time, on effects of gold and silver nanoparticles on cultured cell lines. Due to the increasingly common use of AgNP and AuNP in multiple branches of the industry, further studies on the effects of nanoparticles on different types of cells and the general natural environment are needed to enable their long-term use. However, some environmentally friendly solutions to chemically synthesized nanoparticles are also investigated, such as plant-based synthesis methods.
  • 1.6K
  • 29 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Copper-Coated Used Fuel Container
The Copper Coated Used Fuel Container is the main containment barrier in the engineered barrier system. The role of copper coated used fuel container is to provide containment for used CANDU (CANada Deuterium Uranium) fuel and any other fuel deemed acceptable for a deep geological repository in accordance with the Nuclear Fuel Waste Act (S.C. 2002, c.23) and Nuclear Waste Management Organization’s waste acceptance criteria.
  • 1.6K
  • 07 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Common Underlying Mechanisms of Multiple Sclerosis and Epilepsy
Despite the significant differences in the pathological background of neurodegenerative diseases, epileptic seizures are comorbidity in many disorders such as Huntington disease (HD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Regarding the last one, specifically, it has been shown that the risk of developing epilepsy is three to six times higher in patients with MS compared to the general population. In this context, understanding the pathological processes underlying this connection will allow for the targeting of the common and shared pathological pathways involved in both conditions, which may provide a new avenue in the management of neurological disorders.
  • 1.6K
  • 15 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering for Illicit Drug Detection
The rapid increase in illicit drug use and its adverse health effects and socio-economic consequences have reached alarming proportions in recent years. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has emerged as a highly sensitive analytical tool for the detection of low dosages of drugs in liquid and solid samples.
  • 1.6K
  • 25 May 2022
Topic Review
5-ALA Metabolic Pathway
5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a natural amino acid and a precursor of heme and chlorophyll. Exogenously administered 5-ALA is metabolized into protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). PpIX accumulates in cancer cells because of the low activity of ferrochelatase, an enzyme that metabolizes PpIX to heme. High expression of 5-ALA influx transporters, such as peptide transporters 1/2, in cancer cells also enhances PpIX production. Because PpIX radiates red fluorescence when excited with blue/violet light, 5-ALA has been used for the visualization of various tumors. 
  • 1.6K
  • 22 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Metasurfaces for Sensing Applications
Photonic devices (sensors, in particular) require that an efficient dynamic control of light at nanoscale through field (electric or optical) variation using substitute low-loss materials. One such option may be plasmonic metasurfaces. Metasurfaces are arrays of optical antenna-like anisotropic structures (sub-wavelength size), which are designated to control the amplitude and phase of reflected, scattered and transmitted components of incident light radiation.
  • 1.6K
  • 11 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Cybersecurity Standards
Cybersecurity standards (also styled cyber security standards) are techniques generally set forth in published materials that attempt to protect the cyber environment of a user or organization. This environment includes users themselves, networks, devices, all software, processes, information in storage or transit, applications, services, and systems that can be connected directly or indirectly to networks. The principal objective is to reduce the risks, including prevention or mitigation of cyber-attacks. These published materials consist of collections of tools, policies, security concepts, security safeguards, guidelines, risk management approaches, actions, training, best practices, assurance and technologies.
  • 1.6K
  • 14 Oct 2022
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