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Topic Review
Nemegtomaia
Nemegtomaia is a genus of oviraptorid dinosaur from what is now Mongolia that lived in the Late Cretaceous Period, about 70 million years ago. The first specimen was found in 1996, and became the basis of the new genus and species N. barsboldi in 2004. The original genus name was Nemegtia, but this was changed to Nemegtomaia in 2005, as the former name was preoccupied. The first part of the generic name refers to the Nemegt Basin, where the animal was found, and the second part means "good mother", in reference to the fact that oviraptorids are known to have brooded their eggs. The specific name honours the palaeontologist Rinchen Barsbold. Two more specimens were found in 2007, one of which was found on top of a nest with eggs, but the dinosaur had received its genus name before it was found associated with eggs. Nemegtomaia is estimated to have been around 2 m (7 ft) in length, and to have weighed 40 kg (85 lb). As an oviraptorosaur, it would have been feathered. It had a deep, narrow, and short skull, with an arched crest. It was toothless, had a short snout with a parrot-like beak, and a pair of tooth-like projections on its palate. It had three fingers; the first was largest and bore a strong claw. Nemegtomaia is classified as a member of the oviraptorid subfamily Heyuanninae, and is the only known member of this group with a cranial crest. Though Nemegtomaia has been used to suggest that oviraptorosaurs were flightless birds, the clade is generally considered a group of non-avian dinosaurs. The nesting Nemegtomaia specimen was placed on top of what was probably a ring of eggs, with its arms folded across them. None of the eggs are complete, but they are estimated to have been 5 to 6 cm (2 to 2.3 in) wide and 14 to 16 cm (5 to 6 in) long when intact. The specimen was found in a stratigraphic area that indicates Nemegtomaia preferred nesting near streams that would provide soft, sandy substrate and food. Nemegtomaia may have protected its eggs by covering them with its tail and wing feathers. The skeleton of the nesting specimen has damage that indicates it was scavenged by skin beetles. The diet of oviraptorids is uncertain, but their skulls are most similar to other animals that are known or thought to have been herbivorous. Nemegtomaia is known from the Nemegt and Baruungoyot formations, which are thought to represent humid and arid environments that coexisted in the same area.
  • 1.6K
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
L-System
An L-system or Lindenmayer system is a parallel rewriting system and a type of formal grammar. An L-system consists of an alphabet of symbols that can be used to make strings, a collection of production rules that expand each symbol into some larger string of symbols, an initial "axiom" string from which to begin construction, and a mechanism for translating the generated strings into geometric structures. L-systems were introduced and developed in 1968 by Aristid Lindenmayer, a Hungarian theoretical biologist and botanist at the University of Utrecht. Lindenmayer used L-systems to describe the behaviour of plant cells and to model the growth processes of plant development. L-systems have also been used to model the morphology of a variety of organisms and can be used to generate self-similar fractals.
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  • 08 Dec 2022
Biography
Dr. Mukesh Shah
Sir Dr. Mukesh Shah is a renowned Indian real estate developer and philanthropist, known for his significant contributions to the development of the real estate industry in India. He is the founder of Adinath Developers, a leading real estate company in India. Sir Dr. Mukesh Shah, Phd(Cons.) Sri Lanka, Mcom (I), Bcom (Hons.), born and brought up in Mumbai, is the founder of Adinath Developer. I
  • 1.6K
  • 05 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Photonic Crystals in Photovoltaics
Photonic crystals are artificial structures with a spatial periodicity of dielectric permittivity on the wavelength scale. These structures come in various materials and can be constructed in 1D, 2D, and 3D formats, providing a wide range of options for customizing the material's optical properties and potential applications. One of promising application is in the field of solar energy. By utilizing PCs in the design of solar cells, researchers can enhance their performance and efficiency by improving e.g., light management and increasing light trapping capabilities. This innovation can potentially significantly improve solar cells' effectiveness of all generations.
  • 1.6K
  • 26 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Paracetamol
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is one of the most commonly prescribed drugs worldwide. Synthetized over 150 years ago, paracetamol is highly efficient as analgesic and antipyretic and is on the list of the World Health Organization’s essential medicines. Paracetamol is also a hypothermic agent.
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  • 28 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Nanofluid Preparation and Stability
The advent of nanotechnology has brought about significant technological advancements in many fields of study. The birth of nanofluids as an advanced thermal transport media in the area of thermal management is a laudable and notable feat. Nanofluids (mono and hybrid nanofluids) have been extensively researched and established to be better than conventional thermal transport media due to their enhanced thermophysical and convective properties.
  • 1.6K
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
GOLPH3, a PI(4)P Binding Protein
Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3), a Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate [PI(4)P] effector at the Golgi, is required for several intracellular functions, including Golgi ribbon structure maintenance, Golgi glycosylation and vesicle trafficking. It is amplified in several solid tumor types and its overexpression correlates with poor prognosis. GOLPH3 influences tumorigenesis through (i) regulation of Golgi-to-plasma membrane trafficking; (ii) turnover and glycosylation of cancer-relevant glycoproteins; (iii) influence on DNA damage response and maintenance of genomic stability.
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  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Aptasensors and Aptamers
A kind of biosensor using aptamers as BRE is known as aptasensor. Aptamers are synthetic single-stranded oligonucleotide sequences (RNA or DNA) with high specificity and affinity to bind a variety of target classes including proteins, peptides, drugs, small molecules, whole cells, inorganic and organic molecules, etc.
  • 1.6K
  • 19 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Thrombospondin-1 in the Tumor Microenvironment
The identification of thrombospondin-1 as an angiogenesis inhibitor in 1990 prompted interest in its role in cancer biology and potential as a therapeutic target. Decreased thrombospondin-1 mRNA and protein expression are associated with progression in several cancers, while expression by nonmalignant cells in the tumor microenvironment and circulating levels in cancer patients can be elevated. THBS1 is not a tumor suppressor gene, but the regulation of its expression in malignant cells by oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes mediates some of their effects on carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. In addition to regulating angiogenesis and perfusion of the tumor vasculature, thrombospondin-1 limits antitumor immunity by CD47-dependent regulation of innate and adaptive immune cells. Conversely, thrombospondin-1 is a component of particles released by immune cells that mediate tumor cell killing. Thrombospondin-1 differentially regulates the sensitivity of malignant and nonmalignant cells to genotoxic stress caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. 
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  • 23 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Alcohol Consumption and Pancreatitis
Pancreatitis is a common inflammatory disorder of the pancreas, associated with high mortality and healthcare burdens worldwide. It mainly consists of two forms: acute pancreatitis (AP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP). Alcohol exposure is a known etiological factor for both AP and CP.
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  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis in Mood Disorders
The microbiota–gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication pathway that enables the gut microbiota to communicate with the brain through direct and indirect signaling pathways to influence brain physiology, function, and even behavior. Several taxonomic changes in the gut microbiota have been reported in neurodevelopmental disorders, mood disorders such as anxiety and depression, and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. 
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  • 17 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Fabrication and Biomedical Applications of Functional Nanoporous Materials
Functional nanoporous materials are categorized as an important class of nanostructured materials because of their tunable porosity and pore geometry (size, shape, and distribution) and their unique chemical and physical properties as compared with other nanostructures and bulk counterparts. Progress in developing a broad spectrum of nanoporous materials has accelerated their use for extensive applications in catalysis, sensing, separation, and environmental, energy, and biomedical areas. 
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  • 16 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Fe-TiO2 Photocatalysts on Porous Platforms for Water Purification
Polyethylene glycol-modified titanium dioxide (PEG-modified TiO2) nanopowders were prepared using a fast solvothermal method under microwave irradiation, and without any further calcination processes. These nanopowders were further impregnated on porous polymeric platforms by drop-casting. The effect of adding iron with different molar ratios (1, 2, and 5%) of iron precursor was investigated. The approach developed in this work originated novel functionalized photocatalytic platforms, which were revealed to be promising for the removal of organic dyes from wastewater.
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  • 11 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Chemical Alternatives for Fixing Carbon Dioxide
Carbon is the most important element of organic matter, forming the major part of its dry weight. Elemental carbon exists in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide (CO2) and is dissolved in water, rocks, and soils as carbonic acid (H2CO3), bicarbonates, and carbonates. In fossil fuels, it exists as carbon rings or chains and in biomolecules such as nucleic acids, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Atmospheric CO2 is the major cause for global warming through the greenhouse effect; hence, carbon dioxide emissions must be strictly regulated to minimize the greenhouse effect.
  • 1.6K
  • 13 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Proteasome Inhibitors
Proteasome inhibitors have shown relevant clinical activity in several hematological malignancies, namely in multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma, improving patient outcomes such as survival and quality of life, when compared with other therapies. However, initial response to the therapy is a challenge as most patients show an innate resistance to proteasome inhibitors, and those that respond to the therapy usually develop late relapses suggesting the development of acquired resistance. The mechanisms of resistance to proteasome inhibition are still controversial and scarce in the literature.
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  • 18 Apr 2022
Topic Review
IcedTea
IcedTea is a build and integration project for OpenJDK launched by Red Hat in June 2007. IcedTea also includes some addon libraries: IcedTea-Web is a free software implementation of Java Web Start and the Java web browser applet plugin. IcedTea-Sound is a collection of plugins for the Java sound subsystem, including the PulseAudio provider which used to be included with IcedTea. The Free Software Foundation recommends that all Java programmers use IcedTea as their development environment. Historically, the initial goal of the IcedTea project was to make the OpenJDK software, which Sun Microsystems released as free software in 2007, usable without requiring any proprietary software, and hence make it possible to add OpenJDK to Fedora and other Linux distributions that insist on free software. This goal was met, and a version of IcedTea based on OpenJDK was packaged with Fedora 8 in November 2007. April 2008 saw the first release of a new variant, IcedTea6, which is based on Sun's build drops of OpenJDK6, a fork of the OpenJDK with the goal of being compatible with the existing JDK6. This was released in Ubuntu and Fedora in May 2008. The IcedTea package in these distributions has been renamed to OpenJDK using the OpenJDK trademark notice. In June 2008, the Fedora build passed Sun's rigorous TCK testing on x86 and x86-64. IcedTea 2, the first version based on OpenJDK 7, was released in October 2011. IcedTea 3, the first version based on OpenJDK 8, was released in April 2016. Support for IcedTea 1 was dropped in January 2017.
  • 1.6K
  • 25 Nov 2022
Biography
L. E. J. Brouwer
File:Bohr Brouwer Zurich1932.tif Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer (/ˈbraʊ.ər/; Dutch: [ˈlœy̯tsə(n) ɛɣˈbɛrtəs jɑn ˈbrʌu̯ər]; 27 February 1881 – 2 December 1966), usually cited as L. E. J. Brouwer but known to his friends as Bertus, was a Dutch mathematician and philosopher, who worked in topology, set theory, measure theory and complex analysis.[1][2][3] He was the founder of the
  • 1.6K
  • 30 Nov 2022
Biography
Yuri N. Gnedin
Prof. Dr. Yuri N. Gnedin was an outstanding astrophysicist whose scientific interests and expertise were extraordinarily wide. He was an expert in theoretical investigation of the polarized radiation transfer, generation of high-energy radiation in close binary star systems and galactic nuclei, and cyclotron lines in spectra of accreting neutron stars. Prof. Dr. Yuri N. Gnedin developed the pion
  • 1.6K
  • 20 Dec 2022
Biography
Tse Ka Kui
Tse Ka Kui (born 10 September 1948) is an active social entrepreneur in Hong Kong. Tse has held senior executive positions in Shui on Group for ten years before setting up his own management consulting company, K K Tse & Associates in 1992. He was a co-founder Dialogue in the Dark (Hong Kong) Ltd., which brought Dialogue in the Dark to Hong Kong and China in 2008. In 2012, he found Education for
  • 1.6K
  • 30 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Tea/Tree Intercropping Plantations on Soil Ecological Service Function
The benefits of intercropping tea plantations exceeded those of monocropping tea plantations in terms of soil ecosystem service functions, such as water retention capacity, mineral contents, effects on energy transformation, and regulating environmental conditions. Intercropping tea plantations were more sustainable than regular tea plantations because of the different degrees of variability and benefits in all three aspects mentioned above. However, tea and tree intercropping plantations often require careful planning and preliminary experimentation to determine the type of intercropping that will have positive impacts, especially in the long term.
  • 1.6K
  • 09 Jun 2023
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