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Topic Review
Impacts of Phytoestrogens on Grazing Livestock
Phytoestrogens are secondary plant metabolites that play a role in plant defense, and when ingested by livestock have numerous functions related to reproduction, metabolism, immunological functions and livestock growth and performance. Phytoestrogens are found across various plant species, with the most biologically active of these, isoflavones and coumestans, abundant in legume species.
  • 1.6K
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Polyphenolic Compounds in Underutilized Plant Seeds for Health
Plants represent a significant part of the human diet. Humans have utilized every part of plants for survival, and seeds are no exception. Seeds offer high protein, unsaturated fats, fibre, essential vitamins, and minerals for various food applications. They are also a promising reservoir of bioactive compounds, where various phytochemicals, such as polyphenolic compounds, capable of maintaining and improving well-being, are present in abundant quantities. Plants from Malvaceae and Cannabaceae families are known for their fibre-rich stems that benefit humankind by serving numerous purposes. For many centuries they have been exploited extensively for various commercial and industrial uses. Their seeds, which are often regarded as a by-product of fibre processing, have been scientifically discovered to have an essential role in combating hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, cancer, and oxidative stress.
  • 1.6K
  • 31 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Essential Oils and the Oral Microbiome
The extensive use of antibiotics has resulted in the development of drug-resistant bacteria, leading to a decline in the efficacy of traditional antibiotic treatments. Essential oils (EOs) are phytopharmaceuticals, or plant-derived compounds, that possess beneficial properties such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antiviral, bacteriostatic, and bactericidal effects.
  • 1.6K
  • 21 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Applications of Sustainable Hybrid Energy Harvesting
The potential usage of self-powered wireless sensor (WSN) systems has drawn a lot of attention to sustainable energy harvesting. Hybrid energy harvesting involves collecting energy from multiple sources and converting it into electrical energy using various transduction mechanisms. By properly integrating different energy conversion technologies, hybridization can significantly increase power outputs and improve space utilization efficiency.
  • 1.6K
  • 28 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Gas-Sensing Mechanisms of MXenes and MXene-Based Heterostructures
MXenes are a class of 2D transition-metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides with exceptional properties, including substantial electrical and thermal conductivities, outstanding mechanical strength, and a considerable surface area, rendering them an appealing choice for gas sensors. 
  • 1.6K
  • 08 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Serious Games and LEGO Serious Play for Scrum
As evidenced by recent literature reviews, virtual reality is being widely used for educational purposes in many knowledge fields and industrial sectors because this technology contributes to improve knowledge acquisition and skills development, engages and motivates learners, and enhances the whole learning experience.
  • 1.6K
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Cyberphysical Systems
Cyber-physical systems (CPS) merge the physical and cyber world to support critical functions and services. Cyber-security and safety are interdependent in such systems and therefore their study should be performed jointly. Various approaches have been proposed for cyber-security and safety co-engineering. In this entry, the key results of a comprehensive survey of such co-engineering approaches, along with various aspects of the problem that have not been sufficiently addressed in these methods, are presented. 
  • 1.6K
  • 16 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Polyester Fibrous Panels
Nowadays, polyester fibrous materials are becoming one of the most important alternatives for controlling reverberation time by absorbing unwanted sound energy in the automobile and construction fields. The polyester nonwoven structure used in noise reduction is normally in the form of panel.
  • 1.6K
  • 09 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Chemotherapy Resistance
Multidrug resistance is a major factor contributing to the failure of cancer therapy and poor patient outcomes. While apoptosis (apoptotic cell death) is the desired outcome of anti-cancer therapy, chemotherapy and radiation often induce a number of mechanisms that can mediate resistance. p53 is an essential tumor suppressor and stress response protein, modulating multiple cellular responses to therapy. Gain of function (GOF) p53 mutations have been implicated in increased susceptibility to the development of drug resistance, by compromising wild type anti-tumor functions of p53 or modulating key p53 processes that confer chemotherapy resistance, such as autophagy. Autophagy, a conventionally cytoprotective mechanism, is often a “first responder” to chemotherapy (or radiation), by promoting the removal of damaged organelles and preventing excessive accumulation of damaged proteins; thus, autophagy, via its cytoprotectivefunction, may allow tumor cells to evade apoptotic cell death. However, substantial pre-clinical data and inconsistent clinical efficacy of autophagy inhibitors in combination with cancer chemotherapy indicates that autophagy can exhibit multiple functions and does not act solely as a cytoprotective response. Further inquiry relating to the influence of p53 status on autophagic function and its contributions to multidrug resistance will provide valuable insights towards patient response to therapy and the possibility of developing novel therapeutics for chemosensitization in the face of multidrug resistance. 
  • 1.6K
  • 16 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Yao Syndrome
Yao syndrome (formerly called NOD2-associated autoinflammatory disease) is a disorder involving episodes of fever and abnormal inflammation affecting many parts of the body, particularly the skin, joints, and gastrointestinal system.
  • 1.6K
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
CRISPR-Based Genome Editing Tools
Genome-editing (GE) is having a tremendous influence around the globe in the life science community. Among its versatile uses, the desired modifications of genes, and more importantly the transgene (DNA)-free approach to develop genetically modified organism (GMO), are of special interest. The recent and rapid developments in genome-editing technology have given rise to hopes to achieve global food security in a sustainable manner. 
  • 1.6K
  • 23 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Indirect Structural Muscle Injuries
Indirect structural muscle injuries (commonly referred as “muscle tears”) are the more commonly found in everyday clinical practice and represent the biggest challenge in rehabilitation, since these lack a precise therapeutic strategy. Structural muscle injuries classification is shown in.
  • 1.6K
  • 27 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Biological Synthesis of Nanocatalysts
Many well-established methods are extensively utilized for the synthesis of nanocatalysts. However, most conventional physical and chemical methods have some drawbacks, such as the toxicity of precursor materials, the requirement of high-temperature environments, and the high cost of synthesis, which ultimately hinder their fruitful applications in various fields. Bioinspired synthesis is eco-friendly, cost-effective, and requires a low energy/temperature ambient. Various microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and algae are used as nano-factories and can provide a novel method for the synthesis of different types of nanocatalysts. The synthesized nanocatalysts can be further utilized in various applications such as the removal of heavy metals, treatment of industrial effluents, fabrication of materials with unique properties, biomedical, and biosensors.
  • 1.6K
  • 04 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Oxidative Stress and Therapy in Sickle Cell Disease
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common hereditary disorder of hemoglobin (Hb), which affects approximately a million people worldwide. It is characterized by a single nucleotide substitution in the β-globin gene, leading to the production of abnormal sickle hemoglobin (HbS) with multi-system consequences. HbS polymerization is the primary event in SCD. Repeated polymerization and depolymerization of Hb causes oxidative stress that plays a key role in the pathophysiology of hemolysis, vessel occlusion and the following organ damage in sickle cell patients. For this reason, reactive oxidizing species and the (end)-products of their oxidative reactions have been proposed as markers of both tissue pro-oxidant status and disease severity. Although more studies are needed to clarify their role, antioxidant agents have been shown to be effective in reducing pathological consequences of the disease by preventing oxidative damage in SCD, i.e., by decreasing the oxidant formation or repairing the induced damage. 
  • 1.6K
  • 31 May 2022
Topic Review
Digital Twins and Federated Learning
As a result of the advancement in the fourth industrial revolution and communication technology, the use of digital twins (DT) and federated learning (FL) in the industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), and the Internet of Drones (IoD) is increasing. DT provides a virtual simulation of the networks, whereas FL involves collaborative learning and enhances the privacy and security of the network. The application of DT and FL has been proven to be efficient in increasing the performance of the IIoT, IoV, and IoD.
  • 1.6K
  • 01 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Elite Rhizobia Strains in Africa
Grain legumes play a significant role in smallholder farming systems in Africa because of their contribution to nutrition and income security and their role in fixing nitrogen. Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) serves a critical role in improving soil fertility for legumes. Dinitrogen can be reduced to ammonium (NH3) through the Haber–Bosch process or via biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) utilizing some soil bacteria or archaea (diazotrophs). Rhizobia belong to Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria, a group of Gram-negative bacteria that forms nodules on roots (sometimes stems) of leguminous plants to fix nitrogen in a symbiotic relationship with their host plants. The rhizobia–legume symbiosis is the most studied plant–microbial mutualism because of the importance of nitrogen fixation for almost all agricultural systems.
  • 1.6K
  • 21 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Effects of Heat Stress on Livestock
Climate change is receiving more consideration worldwide, and the impact on animal production is particularly relevant due to increasing demand and limitations to production. When predicted temperature/humidity increases as a result of climate change are added, the proportion of time that they are exposed to heat stress becomes more severe. It was concluded that the effects of heat stress are becoming critical for livestock production systems, especially during summer. Livestock responds to these changes by using different mechanisms to survive, but production efficiency is severely compromised by heat stress. Injury and death may even ensue if mitigation measures are not taken quickly. 
  • 1.6K
  • 05 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Community Source
Community Source is a type of software development used in colleges and universities that builds on the practices of Free Software communities. The software of these collective efforts are distributed via an approved Free Software Foundation licence. Examples include the Sakai Project, Kuali, and Open Source Portfolio. Copyright for the software is often held by an independent foundation (organized as a 501c3 corporation in the United States ) modeled on the contributor agreements, licensing, and distribution practices of the Apache Foundation.
  • 1.6K
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Kandoora
Kondur or Kandoora (in Template:Lang-ks; in Urdu: کنڈوراہ‎) is the largest village in the Sukhnag River valley, located on the eastern banks of the Sukhnag River. It lies on the Beerwah-to-Doodhpathri road and is 26 kilometres (16 mi) from Srinagar, the largest city and summer capital of the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, which is the southern portion of the wider Indian-administered Kashmir region. Kandoora is a rural village where agriculture is the main economic activity. The majority of its population is Muslim, and their first language is Koshur (Kashmiri), with other languages in use for particular purposes.
  • 1.6K
  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
KRAS in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
In NSCLC (Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer), KRAS (Kirsten Rat sarcoma virus) mutations occur in up to 30% of all cases, most frequently at codon 12 and 13. KRAS mutations have been linked to adenocarcinoma histology, positive smoking history, and Caucasian ethnicity, although differences have been described across KRAS mutational variants subtypes. KRAS mutations often concur with other molecular alterations, notably TP53, STK11, and KEAP1, which could play an important role in treatment efficacy and patient outcomes.
  • 1.6K
  • 02 Dec 2022
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