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Topic Review
Power Line Segmentation and Detection of Broken Strands
Power lines are critical infrastructure components in power grid systems. Strand breakage is a kind of serious defect of power lines that can directly impact the reliability and safety of power supply. Due to the slender morphology of power lines and the difficulty in acquiring sufficient sample data, strand breakage detection remains a challenging task. Moreover, power grid corporations prefer to detect these defects on-site during power line inspection using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), rather than transmitting all of the inspection data to the central server for offline processing which causes sluggish response and huge communication burden.
  • 934
  • 22 Sep 2023
Topic Review
3D Printing and Implementation of Digital Twins
Fabricating objects with desired mechanical properties by utilizing 3D printing methods can be expensive and time-consuming, especially when based only on a trial-and-error test modus operandi. Digital twins (DT) can be proposed as a solution to understand, analyze and improve the fabricated item, service system or production line.  The current trends and limitations in DTs for additive manufacturing are summarized, in order to provide more insights for further research on DT systems.
  • 925
  • 21 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Road Scene Understanding of Autonomous Vehicles
Road scene understanding is crucial to the safe driving of autonomous vehicles. Comprehensive road scene understanding requires a visual perception system to deal with a large number of tasks at the same time, which needs a perception model with a small size, fast speed, and high accuracy. As multi-task learning has evident advantages in performance and computational resources, a multi-task model YOLO-Object, Drivable Area, and Lane Line Detection (YOLO-ODL) based on hard parameter sharing is proposed to realize joint and efficient detection of traffic objects, drivable areas, and lane lines.
  • 907
  • 24 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Supervised Learning Approaches for Mobile Robot Control
Machine learning (ML) is a branch of artificial intelligence that has been developing at a dynamic pace in recent years. ML is also linked with Big Data, which are huge datasets that need special tools and approaches to process them. ML algorithms make use of data to learn how to perform specific tasks or make appropriate decisions. ML approaches that have been applied to the task of mobile robot control are divided into the following: supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning. The supervised learning methods are grouped into two main categories of regression and classification.
  • 906
  • 18 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Control in Smart Cities
Smart cities leverage innovative technologies, including the Internet of Things (IoT) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) , to enhance residents’ quality of life. UAV infrastructure in smart cities provides a cost-effective and efficient means of data collection, monitoring, surveillance, and infrastructure assessment. They contribute to better urban planning, resource management, emergency response, public safety, and sustainable development, ultimately improving the quality of life for city residents.
  • 871
  • 14 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Knowledge Graph for Disassembly of Electric Vehicle Batteries
End-of-life (EoL) electric vehicle (EV) batteries are one of the main fountainheads for recycling rare metal elements like cobalt and lithium. Disassembly is the first step in carrying out a higher level of recycling and processing of EV batteries. EV battery knowledge graphs can provide detailed structural information to assist operators in understanding the layout and composition of batteries. Planning the disassembly sequence using knowledge graphs can facilitate the robotic disassembly of EV batteries.
  • 848
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Advancements in Microgrids with  Model Predictive Control
Microgrids face significant challenges due to the unpredictability of distributed generation (DG) technologies and fluctuating load demands. These challenges result in complex power management systems characterised by voltage/frequency variations and intricate interactions with the utility grid. Model predictive control (MPC) has emerged as a powerful technique to effectively address these challenges. By applying a receding horizon control strategy, MPC offers promising solutions for optimising constraints and enhancing microgrid operations.
  • 843
  • 05 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Control Technology of Offshore Wind Power Systems
As global energy crises and climate change intensify, offshore wind energy, as a renewable energy source, is given more attention globally. The wind power generation system is fundamental in harnessing offshore wind energy, where the control and design significantly influence the power production performance and the production cost.
  • 838
  • 06 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Digital Product Passport in Modern Manufacturing
Digital Product Passport (DPP)’s impact on supply chain transparency, providing crucial product lifecycle information that bolsters decision-making and facilitates optimal resource management. DPP model, when applied to sectors such as electronics manufacturing, promises transformative results. 
  • 810
  • 23 Apr 2024
Topic Review
Imitation Learning and Generalization Capability
Imitation Learning (IL) is an approach through which an expert teaches a robot to perform a task. An expert can be a human, a trained policy for a task, a synthetic agent, a demonstration from another robot or even a video demonstration of a desired task.
  • 803
  • 12 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Domain Adaptation in Computer and Robotic Vision
Domain adaptation methods play a pivotal role in facilitating seamless knowledge transfer and enhancing the generalization capabilities of computer and robotic vision systems. Domain adaptation techniques play a pivotal role in addressing the domain shift problem encountered in computer and robotic vision. These methods are designed to improve the generalization skills of vision models, enabling them to function well in situations outside the scope of their training data. 
  • 802
  • 25 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Model-Free HVAC Control in Buildings
The efficient control of Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) devices in building structures is mandatory for achieving energy savings and comfort. To balance these objectives efficiently, it is essential to incorporate adequate advanced control strategies to adapt to varying environmental conditions and occupant preferences. Model-free control approaches for building HVAC systems have gained significant interest due to their flexibility and ability to adapt to complex, dynamic systems without relying on explicit mathematical models. A comprehensive review of the most impactful research applications of the last years concerning RL, ANNs, FLC, and Hybrid Model-free control applications for HVACs in building structures is given herein. Through a holistic evaluation of multiple research efforts, the primary aim is to identify different trends in Model-free control towards HVACs and moreover, to provide Future directions in the field.
  • 792
  • 27 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Use of Autonomous Vehicles in Nonintrusive Object Inspection
Traditional nonintrusive object inspection methods are complex or extremely expensive to apply in certain cases, such as inspection of enormous objects, underwater or maritime inspection, an unobtrusive inspection of a crowded place, etc. With the latest advances in robotics, autonomous self-driving vehicles could be applied for this task.
  • 780
  • 07 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Safe Control of Autonomous Vehicles
Mobile robot path planning has passed through multiple phases of development and took up several challenges. With the new technology in hands, it becomes less complicated to conduct path planning for mobile robots  (including autonomous vehicles) and avoid both static and dynamic obstacles, so that collision-free navigation is ensured. 
  • 759
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence in Safe Marine Environment
This research presents a combination of remote sensing, an artificial neural network, and game theory to synthesize a system for safe ship traffic management at sea. Serial data transmission from the ARPA anti-collision radar system are used to enable computer support of the navigator’s maneuvering decisions in situations where a large number of ships must be passed.
  • 757
  • 10 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Bounding Box Based Perception Modules
Perception modules use raw data streams obtained from sensors mounted on car like camera, radar or lidar devices to recognize and interpret the surroundings. Raw data collected by sensors must be properly interpreted and processed to be understood by computer. This type of analysis is carried out by algorithms supported mainly by many trained neural networks (detectors). Most perception modules based on computer vision systems use bounding boxes to mark the recognized objects in each separate frame of the video stream.
  • 755
  • 27 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Programming of Industrial Robots with Tracker
Newly installed robots, as well as those already in use, require the development of software or its modification, which is why robot programming methods are a rapidly developing field. The main purpose of the newly developed methods is to speed up the programming process and make it easier for staff to execute it. Reducing programming time is a source of cost savings and is of enormous importance to businesses.
  • 748
  • 09 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Challenges in the Field of Autonomous Vehicles
The term autonomous vehicle (AV) has become ubiquitous in our lives, owing to the extensive research and development that frequently make headlines. Nonetheless, the flourishing of AVs hinges on many factors due to the extremely stringent demands for safety, security, and reliability. Besides lingering technical problems, the complexity of the AV infrastructure makes it vulnerable to security and privacy attacks that can endanger the lives of passengers and commuters. Surpassing traditional centralized security systems, blockchain has emerged as the best solution to provide the much-needed security shield to AVs with its data transparency, immutability, and decentralized approach. Therefore, enriching and enmeshing technologies like AI, edge computing, IoT, 5G and Blockchain into a robust system will lead to the realization of our much-yearned AV dream into reality.
  • 746
  • 24 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Fast Prototyping Microfluidics
Microfluidic (MF) advancements have been leveraged toward the development of state-of-the-art platforms for molecular diagnostics, where isothermal amplification schemes allow for further simplification of DNA detection and quantification protocols. The MF integration with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is today the focus of a new generation of chip-based devices for molecular detection, aiming at fast and automated nucleic acid analysis. Here, we combined MF with droplet digital LAMP (ddLAMP) on an all-in-one device that allows for droplet generation, target amplification, and absolute quantification. This multilayer 3D chip was developed in less than 30 minutes by using a low-cost and extremely adaptable production process that exploits direct laser writing technology in “Shrinky-dinks” polystyrene sheets. ddLAMP and target quantification were performed directly on-chip, showing a high correlation between target concentration and positive droplet score. We validated this integrated chip via the amplification of targets ranging from five to 500,000 copies/reaction. Furthermore, on-chip amplification was performed in a 10 µL volume, attaining a limit of detection of five copies/µL under 60 min. This technology was applied to quantify a cancer biomarker, c-MYC, but it can be further extended to any other disease biomarker.
  • 738
  • 25 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Low-Cost Relative Positioning Methods Based on Visual-LiDAR Fusion
Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are commonly used for various purposes, and their cooperative systems have been developed to enhance their capabilities.
  • 730
  • 02 Nov 2023
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