You're using an outdated browser. Please upgrade to a modern browser for the best experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Nanocarbon-Iridium Oxide Nanostructured Hybrids
Nanostructuring nanocarbons with IrOx yields to material coatings with large charge capacities for neural electrostimulation, and large reproducibility in time, that carbons do not exhibit.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Jul 2021
Biography
Mirza
Mirza Bichurin is Professor and Head of the Department of Design and Technology of Radioelectronic Equipment, Yaroslav-the Wise Novgorod State University, Russia. He has authored 6 books and more than 160 articles in international refereed journals and holds credit for 20 patents. His most famous works: 1.“Magnetoelectricity in Composites.” Eds. M. I. Bichurin and D. Viehland, Pan Stanf
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Advances in Bioinspired Superhydrophobic Surfaces Made from Silicones
As research on superhydrophobic materials inspired by the self-cleaning and water-repellent properties of plants and animals in nature continues, the superhydrophobic preparation methods and the applications of superhydrophobic surfaces are widely reported. Silicones are preferred for the preparation of superhydrophobic materials because of their inherent hydrophobicity and strong processing ability. In the preparation of superhydrophobic materials, silicones can both form micro-/nano-structures with dehydration condensation and reduce the surface energy of the material surface because of their intrinsic hydrophobicity. The superhydrophobic layers of silicone substrates are characterized by simple and fast reactions, high-temperature resistance, UV resistance, and anti-aging. Although silicone superhydrophobic materials have the disadvantages of relatively low mechanical stability, this can be improved by the rational design of the material structure. 
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Ion Channel and Bioinformatics
Ion channels are linked to important cellular processes. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in bioinformatics and computational molecular biology research has been growing fast over the last two decades. Bioinformatics methods attempt to model known biological structures and predict unknown ones. Versatile bioinformatics techniques are capable of storing the information processed in various biological and biophysical studies in the created databank, and calling and utilizing the information from the databank in pinpointing crucial molecular processes of an individual system or collective ones. The techniques thus help establish scientific links between various mechanisms and processes and produce concluding evidence that is otherwise often unattainable using conventional theoretical and experimental techniques. Besides, computational techniques are popularly found to model the biomolecular complexes in silico studies to mainly address their statics, dynamics, and energetics in an artificially constructed, yet mimicking the biological systems’ environment.
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Line-Shaped-Illumination Two-Photon Microscopy
Line-shaped illumination is a useful configuration to obtain a multifocal pattern to be used in two-photon microscopy: the light beam emitted by the illuminating laser is first shaped by means of cylindrical lenses and then is focused inside the sample as a continuous line. The simultaneous excitation of several points in the specimen is expected to reduce the acquisition time with respect to the usual point-scanning two-photon microscopes, as a two-dimensional image is obtained by scanning the line along a single direction.
  • 1.1K
  • 05 May 2022
Topic Review
Neck-Tongue Syndrome
Neck-tongue syndrome (NTS) is rare, and characterized by unilateral upper neck or occipital pain and paresthesia in the ipsilateral hemisphere of the tongue due to neck movement. Treatment for NTS is mainly conservative. 
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Plasmonic Photothermal Therapy
The laser application for hyperthermia makes it possible to obtain managed thermal damage of tumor tissue. However, the small spatial selectivity of tumor tissue heating remains a problem of laser hyperthermia. The development of innovative nanoparticle-based technologies to improve the selectivity of laser heating is intensively pursued, and various types of plasmon resonance nanoparticles are used for this purpose, as follows: nanospheres nanoshells, nanorods, nanocages. Plasmonic photothermal therapy is referred to by the acronym PPT.
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Short Wavelength Energy-Efficient High-Speed Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) were becoming the dominating optical sources for data communication in such centers for all distances and wavelengths. VCSELs are of low production cost, can be tested on-wafer, and enable low energy consumption. 850 nm multi-mode VCSELs are widely used for the optical links inside data centers and supercomputers, together with multi-mode fibers. Long-wavelength single-mode VCSELs (1310 nm or 1550 nm) based on InP extend the transmission distance and enable wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technologies.
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Materials for Chemical Sensing
The ability to measure and monitor the concentration of specific chemical and/or gaseous species (i.e., “analytes”) is the main requirement in many fields, including industrial processes, medical applications, and workplace safety management. As a consequence, several kinds of sensors have been developed in the modern era according to some practical guidelines that regard the characteristics of the active (sensing) materials on which the sensor devices are based. These characteristics include the cost-effectiveness of the materials’ manufacturing, the sensitivity to analytes, the material stability, and the possibility of exploiting them for low-cost and portable devices. Consequently, many gas sensors employ well-defined transduction methods, the most popular being the oxidation (or reduction) of the analyte in an electrochemical reactor, optical techniques, and chemiresistive responses to gas adsorption. Many of the efforts devoted to improving these methods have been directed towards the use of certain classes of specific materials.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Surface Plasmon Coupled Emission Technology
Novel nano-engineering protocols have been actively synergized with fluorescence spectroscopic techniques to yield higher intensity from radiating dipoles, through the process termed plasmon-enhanced fluorescence (PEF). Consequently, the limit of detection of analytes of interest has been dramatically improvised on account of higher sensitivity rendered by augmented fluorescence signals. Metallic thin films sustaining surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) have been creatively hybridized with such PEF platforms to realize a substantial upsurge in the global collection efficiency in a judicious technology termed surface plasmon-coupled emission (SPCE). This Editorial Review by Dr. Seemesh Bhaskar, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, provides a spotlight on the latest developments in SPCE substrate engineering to the broad audience of photo-plasmonics, spectroscopy, micro- & nanotechnology, life sciences, thin films and point-of-care diagnostics.
  • 1.0K
  • 13 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Obsolete Polish Units of Measurement
The traditional Polish units of measurement included two uniform yet distinct systems of weights and measures, as well as a number of related systems borrowed from neighbouring states. The first attempt at standardisation came with the introduction of the Old Polish measurement [system], also dubbed the Warsaw system, introduced by a royal decree of December 6, 1764. The system was later replaced by the New Polish measurement [system] introduced on January 1, 1819. The traditional Polish systems of weights and measures were later replaced with those of surrounding nations (due to the Partitions of Poland), only to be replaced with metric system by the end of the 19th century (between 1872 and 1876).
  • 1.0K
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Sports Applications
Progress in science and technology drives the continuous innovation of energy collection and utilization. In the field of sports, the information collection and analysis based on Internet of things have attracted particular attention. On this basis, it is considered that the stability of devices, the universality of materials, and the scientificity of application of the TENG in the future need to be improved. There is a direction for further upgrading energy collection technology to promote the high-quality development of human mechanical energy sensing in the field of sports.
  • 1.0K
  • 06 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Vacuum Diffusion Bonded Ti2AlNb/Ti/TC4 Joint
The Ti2AlNb alloy was bonded to TC4 alloy using the vacuum diffusion bonding method with a Ti interlayer. The interfacial microstructure of the Ti2AlNb/Ti/TC4 joint was characterized. The relationship between the bonding parameters and the microstructure and mechanical property of the joints was explored. Results indicated that the interdiffusion of Nb and Al elements between the interlayer and substrates promoted the formation of the lamellar α + β dual-phase structure in the joint. The bonding parameters determined the diffusion distance of Nb and Al elements, thus controlling the characteristics of the lamellar α + β dual-phase structure. When the Ti2AlNb alloy and TC4 alloy were bonded at 950 °C for 30 min under a pressure of 10 MPa, the elemental diffusion in the bonding couple was sufficient and the joint possessed the maximum shear strength of 549 MPa. 
  • 1.0K
  • 16 Jul 2021
Topic Review
X-ray Images and Spectrograms with Spatial Resolution
X-ray imaging diagnostics based on Fresnel lenses are very promising as the field of view is of the order of 1 mm and even higher, and the spatial resolution can reach hundreds of nm. The obvious disadvantage of such diagnostics is the presence of the chromatic effect, which reduces the contrast of the image and leads to the need to use a rather narrow spectral range. The spectrographs with flat or curved crystals used have a satisfactory spectral resolution but cannot always provide sufficient luminosity and spatial resolution when it comes to obtaining images of plasma sources. Spectrometers with toroidal schemes do not have these disadvantages, but their surface is much more difficult to fabricate and the resulting schemes are difficult to set up because of the limitation in all six degrees of freedom.
  • 1.0K
  • 16 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Remediation Characteristics of Heavy Metals
Most food waste is incinerated and reclaimed in Korea. Due to the development of industry, soil and groundwater pollution are serious. The purpose of this study was to study recycled materials and eco-friendly remediation methods to prevent secondary pollution after remediation. In this study, recycled food waste ash was filled in a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) and used as a heavy metal adsorption material. In situ remediation electrokinetic techniques (EK) and acetic acid were used. Electrokinetic remediation is a technology that can remove various polluted soils and pollutants, and is an economical and highly useful remediation technique. Thereafter, the current density increased constantly over time, and it was confirmed that it increased after electrode exchange and then decreased. Based on this result, the acetic acid was constantly injected and it was reconfirmed through the water content after the end of the experiment. In the case of both heavy metals, the removal efficiency was good after 10 days of operation and 8 days after electrode exchange, but, in the case of lead, it was confirmed that experiments are needed by increasing the operation date before electrode exchange. It was confirmed that the copper removal rate was about 74% to 87%, and the lead removal rate was about 11% to 43%. After the end of the experiment, a low pH was confirmed at x/L = 0.9, and it was also confirmed that there was no precipitation of heavy metals and there was a smooth movement by the enhancer and electrolysis after electrode exchange. 
  • 1.0K
  • 20 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Dielectric Coatings Synthesis using Forevacuum Plasma Electron Sources
Forevacuum plasma electron sources, operating at elevated pressure values from units to hundreds of pascals, make it possible to exert the direct action of an electron beam on low-conductive materials. Electron-beam evaporation of aluminum oxide, boron, and silicon carbide targets is used to exemplify the particular features of electron-beam synthesis of such coatings and their parameters and characteristics. 
  • 994
  • 07 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Magnetic Ag-Integrated Photocatalysts in Water Treatment
One of the great dangers facing humanity is the depletion of natural resources. For water specifically, the problem of shortage is all but gone. In 1960, only 9% of the world’s population was facing chronic water shortage issues, while nearly 50% of the global population has to manage moderate shortage, with around 10% of that population facing almost complete lack of water. Many measures have been employed to balance this ever-increasing threat, such as irrigated areas, groundwater utilization and reservoir storage, as this increase in water shortage does not only affect agriculture but human health itself as well and can even increase risks of diseases. The need for low-cost water treatment is especially evident in countries such as Pakistan, where the increased dependency on severely threatening contaminated water (by ~80% of the population) necessitates methods such as low-cost water filters for increased availability of affordable drinking water throughout the country. A magnetic/silver composite combines the advantages of magnetic properties with those of plasmonic nanoparticles, and these composites are able to perform well under UV and visible light, are effective against pollutants and pathogenic bacteria and can be easily separated from a solution with a simple magnet.
  • 990
  • 19 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Effects in Molecular Nanomagnets
Molecular magnets, in principle, have a similar hierarchy. Starting from single-molecule magnets (SMM)and single-chain magnets (SCM), more complex structures are also possible. In general, molecular nanomagnets can be built without the aforementioned magnetic elements; however, highly interesting molecular nanomagnets can be created by adding Mn12, Fe8, Mn4, or other metallic elements.
  • 967
  • 26 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Conventional Tools for Neurodegenerative Disease Diagnosis
Conventional approaches in neurodegenerative disease (ND) diagnosis and challenges in clinical routine testing are addressed in order to understand the context of how molecular-based diagnosis techniques can perform in real, in vivo sampling and bioassays for early ND diagnosis.
  • 930
  • 15 May 2023
Topic Review
The Advanced Applications of 2D Materials in SERS
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) as a label-free, non-contact, highly sensitive, and powerful technique has been widely applied in determining bio- and chemical molecules with fingerprint recognitions. 2-dimensional (2D) materials with layered structures, tunable optical properties, good chemical/physical stabilities, and strong charge–transfer interaction with molecules have attracted researchers’ interests. Two-D materials with a large and flat surface area, as well as good biocompatibility have been considered promising candidates in SERS and widely applied in chemical and bio-applications. It is well known that the noble metallic nanostructures with localized surface plasmon effects dominate the SERS performance. The combination of noble metallic nanostructure with 2D materials is becoming a new and attractive research domain. The SERS substrates combined with 2D materials, such as 2D graphene/metallic NPs, 2D materials@metallic core-shell structures, and metallic structure/2D materials/metallic structure are intensely studied.
  • 929
  • 25 Nov 2022
  • Page
  • of
  • 10
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Academic Video Service
Feedback