You're using an outdated browser. Please upgrade to a modern browser for the best experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Agroecological Nutrient Management Strategy
Rice self-sufficiency is central to Indonesia’s agricultural development, but the country is increasingly challenged by population growth, climate change, and arable land scarcity. Agroecological nutrient management offers solutions though optimized fertilization, enhanced organic matter and biofertilizer utilizations, and improved farming systems and water management.
  • 1.1K
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Microbe-Mediated Mitigation of Abiotic Stresses
Abiotic stresses are the most significant factors reducing agricultural productivity. Plants face extreme environmental conditions that may affect their biological mechanisms, thereby influencing their growth and development. Microorganisms possess substantial metabolites that aid in helping plants mitigate abiotic stresses. Plants’ interaction with microbes constitutes a diversified ecosystem, as sometimes both the partners share a mutualistic relationship. Endophytes, plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs), and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) are examples of microorganisms that play an essential role in alleviating abiotic stresses and, hence, improving plant growth. The plant–microbe interaction leads to the modulation of complex mechanisms in the plant cellular system.
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Conservation Tillage in Medicinal Plant Production
The application of no-tillage (NT) has a long history and can reduce tillage frequency and intensity and protect soil from erosion and deterioration. NT is often combined with organic mulch to significantly reduce soil disturbance. NT and stover mulching have the advantages of saving manpower and resources and improving soil quality, crop yield, and quality. The ecological and economic benefits of NT in long-term medicinal plant cultivation could be prominent. Soil health is associated with various agronomic and environmental benefits, which are deemed essential for the optimal production of medicinal plants. Soil health indicators include physical, chemical, biological, and other ones, all of which can be influenced by NT and relevant manipulations.
  • 1.1K
  • 04 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Strawberry Biostimulation
Plant biostimulation consists of using or applying physical, chemical, or biological stimuli that trigger a response—called induction or elicitation—with a positive effect on crop growth, development, and quality. Biostimulation provides tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress, and more absorption and accumulation of nutrients, favoring the metabolism of the plants. The strawberry is a highly appreciated fruit for its high organoleptic and nutraceutical qualities since it is rich in phenolic compounds, vitamins, and minerals, in addition to being a product with high commercial value.
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Cereal Landraces
Cereal landraces are still cultivated on marginal lands due to their adaptability to unfavourable conditions, constituting an important source of genetic diversity usable in modern plant breeding to improve the adaptation to abiotic or biotic stresses, yield performance and quality traits in limiting environments. Traditional agricultural production systems have played an important role in the evolution and conservation of wide variability in gene pools within species. Today, on-farm and ex situ conservation in gene bank collections, together with data sharing among researchers and breeders, will greatly benefit cereal improvement. Many efforts are usually made to collect, organize and phenotypically and genotypically analyse cereal landrace collections, which also utilize genomic approaches. Their use in breeding programs based on genomic selection, and the discovery of beneficial untapped QTL/genes/alleles which could be introgressed into modern varieties by MAS, pyramiding or biotechnological tools, increase the potential for their better deployment and exploitation in breeding for a more sustainable agricultural production, particularly enhancing adaptation and productivity in stress-prone environments to cope with current climate changes.
  • 1.1K
  • 06 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Role of Jasmonic Acid in Plant Stress Mitigation
Plants, being sessile, have developed complex signaling and response mechanisms to cope with biotic and abiotic stressors.  Jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivatives, collectively referred to as jasmonates (JAs), are of particular importance and are involved in diverse signal transduction pathways to regulate various physiological and molecular processes in plants, thus protecting plants from the lethal impacts of abiotic and biotic stressors. Jasmonic acid has emerged as a central player in plant defense against biotic stress and in alleviating multiple abiotic stressors in plants, such as drought, salinity, vernalization, and heavy metal exposure.
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Modern Fertilization in Precision Agriculture
Over the past decade, the development of new technologies and sensors and sensor minimization has led to the development and improvement of the soil mapping and fertilization process in precision agriculture. Both soil prediction methods based on machine learning and remote sensing data are increasingly utilized in such studies.
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Adverse Effects of Abiotic Stress in Plants
Extreme environmental conditions, such as abiotic stresses (drought, salinity, heat, chilling and intense light), offer great opportunities to study how different microorganisms and plant nutrition can influence plant growth and development.
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Lesion Mimic Formation in Rice
Plant lesion mutation usually refers to the phenomenon of cell death in green tissues before senescence in the absence of external stress, and such mutants also show enhanced resistance to some plant pathogens. The occurrence of lesion mimic mutants in rice is affected by gene mutation, reactive oxygen species accumulation, an uncontrolled programmed cell death system, and abiotic stress.
  • 1.0K
  • 31 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Land-Use Intensification on Plant–Pollinator Interactions
Permanent grasslands are main habitats for many plant species and pollinators. Their destruction as well as their intensification has a major impact on plant and pollinator biodiversity, which has a cascading effect on pollination. However, we lack an understanding of these effects, thereby limiting our ability to predict them. In this review, we synthesised the literature on the mechanisms behind this cascade to provide new insights into the relationship between land-use intensification and pollination. By matching functional traits that mediate the relationship between the two trophic levels, we identified major knowledge gaps about how land-use intensification affects plant–pollinator interactions and how it favours plants with generalised floral traits, which are likely harmful to pollination.
  • 1.0K
  • 20 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Benefits of Organic Farming
Organic farming, which is deeply rooted in traditional agricultural practices, has witnessed a profound evolution over the last century. Transitioning from a grassroots initiative resisting the industrialization of agriculture to a global industry, organic farming now plays a pivotal role in addressing contemporary challenges related to environmental health, sustainability, and food safety. 
  • 1.0K
  • 27 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Influencing Factors on Root Exudate-Rhizobacteria Interactions
The rhizosphere, the narrow zone of soil influenced by the plant root system, is a dynamic environment where complex interplay between plants and soil microbes occurs, and it may contain up to 1011 cells/g of root, with more than 30,000 bacterial species. There are various signals in the rhizosphere, including QS signals among microorganisms and root exudate signals from plants to microorganisms.
  • 1.0K
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Light Stresses on Plants
This entry summarizes the last scientific findings concerning the use of UV and visible spectrum LED lighting, as ‘Green, sustainable, and low-cost Technologies’, to improve quality of sprouts, microgreens, and baby leaves, to enhance their health-promoting compounds focusing on their mode of action, while reducing costs and energy. These technologies applied either during growing and/or after harvesting have shown to be able to improve physiological, and morphological development of young plants in their first stages of development, while increasing their bioactive compounds content without compromising safety and other quality attributes. The novelty is to summarize the main findings published in a comprehensive review, including the mode of action, and remarking the possibility of its postharvest application where the literature is still scarce.
  • 1.0K
  • 25 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Multiple Facets of Nitrogen
Nitrogen is a gas present in the air with an atomic mass of 14.007, a boiling and melting points of 77.36 K and 63.15 K, respectively, and a density of 0.0012506 g·cm–3. N was first discovered in 1772 by the Scottish physician and chemist Daniel Rutherford. The multiple facets of N are described. A paradigm shift is important to shape to the future use of N-rich fertilizers in crop production and their contribution to the current global greenhouse gases (GHGs) budget would help tackle current global environmental challenges toward a sustainable agriculture.
  • 1.0K
  • 25 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Wheat Initiative Structure and Organisation
Wheat is the most widely grown crop, with the area sown to wheat in 2019 estimated at 216 million hectares, and over 90 countries each produce over 10,000 tonnes annually. The three cereals, maize, rice and wheat, dominate crop production, accounting for almost 90% of the world’s cereals, and play a critical role in human nutrition.
  • 1.0K
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Soil in Carbon Footprint and Agriculture
Global attention to climate change issues, especially air temperature changes, has drastically increased over the last half-century. Along with population growth, greater surface temperature, and higher greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, there are growing concerns for ecosystem sustainability and other human existence on earth. The contribution of agriculture to GHG emissions indicates a level of 18% of total GHGs, mainly from carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). Thus, minimizing the effects of climate change by reducing GHG emissions is crucial and can be accomplished by truly understanding the carbon footprint (CF) phenomenon.
  • 1.0K
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Phytophthora sansomeana
Phytophthora sansomeana has been shown to be a causal agent of Phytophthora root rot (PRR) in soybean in addition to P. sojae. The emergence and spread of a second pathogen causing PRR poses a significant threat to soybean production.
  • 1.0K
  • 20 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Research Progress of the Wheat × Maize System
Chromosome elimination resulting in haploids is achieved by rapid loss of chromosomes from one parent during the zygote stage and is an important procedure to produce doubled haploid (DH) lines in plants. During crosses between an emasculated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) as pollen donors, the complete loss of maize chromosomes results in wheat haploid embryos. Through embryo rescue and chromosome doubling processes, pure lines with stable traits can be quickly obtained. The technique is called the “Wheat × Maize System”.
  • 1.0K
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Salt-Grown Crops
Soil salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses restricting plant growth and development. Application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) is a possible practical means for minimizing salinity-induced yield losses, and can be used in addition to or as an alternative to crop breeding for enhancing salinity tolerance. 
  • 1.0K
  • 02 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Flash Flood and Cold Injury of Bangladesh Rice
Rice cultivation in the low-lying basin-like wetlands, known as the Haor, is often affected by early flash floods during the first two weeks of April. The flooding is mainly caused by heavy rainfall and water surging downstream from the Meghalaya hills in India. This flash flood poses a significant threat to rice production, risking the country’s food security. Dry winter (Boro) rice is the primary food source throughout the year in the Haor region. Flash floods are the most catastrophic, affecting about 80% or even the entire rice yield. In 2017, a loss of 0.88 million metric tons of Boro rice in Haor regions cost the nation USD 450 million.
  • 1.0K
  • 21 Dec 2023
  • Page
  • of
  • 11
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Academic Video Service
Feedback