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Biography
Walter Cunningham
Ronnie Walter Cunningham (born March 16, 1932), (Col, USMCR, Ret.) is a retired American astronaut. In 1968, he was a Lunar Module Pilot on the Apollo 7 mission. He was NASA's third civilian astronaut (after Neil Armstrong and Elliot See), and has also been a fighter pilot, physicist, entrepreneur, venture capitalist, and author of The All-American Boys. Cunningham was born in Creston, Iowa
  • 1.9K
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Population-Resources Dynamics
Dynamics of population and resources symmetries are investigated and a model of ecological interaction that fits with empirical behavior was obtained. It was observed how variables in these dynamics are in recurrence considering parameters such as time, frequency, iteration and interaction. Variables investigated are the consume, time and supply mechanics. Time series analysis of these variables indicated a possible phase space formation of the phenomena. The main conclusion leads to a nonlinear dynamics of the  ecological interactions of the organisms and resources symmetries.
  • 1.9K
  • 01 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Gas Chromatography Olfactometry
Gas Chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) is, by nature, the technique of choice for the screening of the molecules with odour (odorants) responsible for the aromatic sensory properties of any product. Ideally, the GC-O technique should provide an unbiased ranking of the odorants attending to the relevance of their contribution to those sensory properties. Such ranking is essential for further steps directed to the elucidation of the chemical nature of the odorants, for their quantification or for a basic understanding of the chemical bases of the aromatic perception in such product. The review discusses the different approaches for GC-O specifically applied to deciphering wine aroma. The critical difference between approaches is whether the ranking of odorants is carried out on an extract containing all the odorants present in the product or on an extract representative of the odorants contained in the vapour phases that cause the odour and flavor. Historically, most researchers have preferred techniques based on total extracts, because of sensitivity and operational issues. It is argued that the second alternative is more direct and can be more efficient, but it requires a good understanding of the factors affecting orthonasal olfaction, handling volatiles (purging, trapping, eluting, and separating) and about the sensory assessment of GC effluents.
  • 1.9K
  • 12 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Rocaglates Target DEAD-Box RNA-Helicase eIF4A
The increase in pandemics caused by RNA viruses of zoonotic origin highlights the urgent need for broad-spectrum antivirals against novel and re-emerging RNA viruses. Broad-spectrum anti-virals could be deployed as first-line interventions during an outbreak while virus-specific drugs and vaccines are developed and rolled out. Viruses depend on the host’s protein synthesis ma-chinery for replication. Several natural compounds that target the cellular DEAD-box RNA hel-icase eIF4A, a key component of the eukaryotic translation initiation complex eIF4F, have emerged as potential broad-spectrum antivirals. Rocaglates, a group of flavaglines of plant origin that clamp mRNAs with highly structured 5′ untranslated regions (5′UTRs) onto the surface of eIF4A through specific stacking interactions, exhibit the largest selectivity and potential therapeu-tic indices among all known eIF4A inhibitors. Their unique mechanism of action limits the inhibi-tory effect of rocaglates to the translation of eIF4A-dependent viral mRNAs and a minor fraction of host mRNAs exhibiting stable RNA secondary structures and/or polypurine sequence stretches in their 5′UTRs, resulting in minimal potential toxic side effects.
  • 1.9K
  • 23 Apr 2021
Topic Review
The LPA3 Receptor
Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3 (LPA3) is implicated in different physiological and pathological functions through activation of different signal pathways, the result of the regulation process of this receptor. The knowledge of regulating LPA3 could be a crucial element for defined their roles in health and disease.
  • 1.9K
  • 09 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Secondary Metabolites of Endophytic Fungi
Plant–microbe interactions range from symbiotic to pathogenic; in the symbiotic relationship, microbes are called ‘endophytes’. Endophytes are conventionally known as microbes existing in all plant endospheric tissues (roots, shoots, fruits, leaves, flowers, seeds, etc.) without causing harmful consequences to the host plant. These microorganisms are usually more abundant in roots and they can be transferred horizontally and vertically. Particularly, endophytic fungi constitute an extremely large community, reaching up to three million species worldwide. These eukaryotic organisms are known to harbor a large variety of secondary metabolites valuable to mankind, plants and the environment. They constitute an excellent substitute for exploring whole plants, thereby gaining time, facilitating the process of isolation and protecting the ecosystem. The scientific community has approved the excellent roles of the fungal bioactive compounds in several vital fields including medicine, pharmacy, agriculture, industry and bioremediation.
  • 1.9K
  • 23 Jan 2022
Topic Review
UAV-Based Forest Health Monitoring
Technological advances have led to the increasing use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for forestry applications. One emerging field for drone application is forest health monitoring (FHM). Common approaches for FHM involve small-scale resource-extensive fieldwork combined with traditional remote sensing platforms. UAVs have shown that they can meet the demands of flexible operation and high spatial resolution. This is also reflected in a rapidly growing number of publications using drones to study forest health. 
  • 1.9K
  • 27 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Wind Energy based on Triboelectric Nanogenerators
The utilization of various distributed energy is becoming a prominent research topic due to the rapid development of the Internet of Things and wireless condition monitoring systems. Among the various distributed energy sources, wind energy has the advantages of being widely distributed, renewable and pollution-free, and is a very promising mechanical energy for power supply. Traditional wind energy harvesting methods based on electromagnetic and piezoelectric effects have issues with complex structure, large size, severe mechanical structures, and high installation costs. The low frequency and irregular nature of ambient mechanical energy makes these methods generally inefficient and inevitably hinders the further exploitation of wind energy. The triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) based on frictional charging and electrostatic effects can also be used for wind power generation and are increasingly favored by researchers as TENGs are easier to be miniaturized and assembled, and can realize large-scale manufacturing in comparison.
  • 1.9K
  • 28 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Water Aeration
Water aeration is the process of increasing or maintaining the oxygen saturation of water in both natural and artificial environments. Aeration techniques are commonly used in pond, lake, and reservoir management to address low oxygen levels or algal blooms.
  • 1.9K
  • 21 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Honda Ridgeline (2017–Present)
The second generation Ridgeline took a different approach in design from the first generation Ridgeline by sharing Honda's new "global light truck platform," found in the third generation Honda Pilot as well as other large Honda vehicles. However, Honda did have to create or modify components in order to support their next generation pickup, including: Despite these modifications, Honda has stated that 73% of the second generation Ridgeline's components remain common in some way with the third generation Pilot. With the mixed success of the first generation Ridgeline, Honda posted "an open letter from the company's head of truck product planning, denying rumors that the Ridgeline would be dropped and insisting that a pickup truck will remain part of the company's portfolio." With that proclamation, Honda became committed to the development of a new Ridgeline. After a one-year hiatus in Ridgeline production, the second generation of their mid-size truck went on sale in June 2016 as a 2017 model year vehicle. According to Honda, the Ridgeline was not designed to steal sales from the more traditional trucks sold in North America, but was developed to "give the 18% of Honda owners who also own pickups a chance to make their garages a Honda-only parking area."
  • 1.9K
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
GM Y Platform
The Y platform, or Y body, designation has been used twice by the General Motors Corporation to describe a series of vehicles all built on the same basic body and sharing many parts and characteristics. The first was for a group of entry-level compacts including the conventional front-engine compacts built by GM divisions Buick, Oldsmobile and Pontiac from 1961 to 1963. The second, and current, incarnation is used for a high-end rear-wheel drive sports-car platform (chiefly that of the Chevrolet Corvette) from the 1980s through the 2000s.
  • 1.9K
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
The Important Health Benefits of Phenolic Components
Phenolic compounds and flavonoids are potential substitutes for bioactive agents in pharmaceutical and medicinal sections to promote human health and prevent and cure different diseases. The most common flavonoids found in nature are anthocyanins, flavones, flavanones, flavonols, flavanonols, isoflavones, and other sub-classes. The impacts of plant flavonoids and other phenolics on human health promoting and diseases curing and preventing are antioxidant effects, antibacterial impacts, cardioprotective effects, anticancer impacts, immune system promoting, anti-inflammatory effects, and skin protective effects from ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
  • 1.9K
  • 28 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Synthesis of Pyran Derivatives
Heterogeneous catalysis (HC) has become a valuable means for designing sustainable production protocols to obtain superior intermediates, synthons, and potent bioactive heterocycles. The heterogeneous catalysts proved economical and eco-friendly due to the effectiveness of non-hazardous metals for constructing nanomaterials for atom-economical organic reactions. Heterogeneous catalysts significantly affected scientific and industrial innovations due to their tuneable textural properties, flexible acid-base characteristics, higher thermal stability, and improved reusability, with their excellent performance over their enormous counterparts.
  • 1.9K
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Wastewater Treatment Technologies
Freshwater is in limited supply, and the growing population further contributes to its scarcity. The effective treatment of wastewater is essential now more than ever, because waterborne infections significantly contribute to global deaths, and millions of people are deprived of safe drinking water. The wastewater treatment technologies include preliminary, primary, secondary, and tertiary treatments, which are effective in removing several contaminants.
  • 1.9K
  • 30 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Postbiotics
Postbiotics include any substance released by or produced through the metabolic activity of the microorganism, which exerts a beneficial effect on the host, directly or indirectly. As postbiotics do not contain live microorganisms, the risks associated with their intake are minimized. Postbiotics play a vital role in the maturation of the immune system, affect barrier tightness and the intestinal ecosystem, and indirectly shape the structure of the microbiota. Postbiotics display pleiotropic effects, including their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties. As such, postbiotics may be useful in treating or preventing many disease entities, including those for which effective causal therapy has not yet been found.
  • 1.9K
  • 05 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Sustainable Consumption
The emergence of the term sustainable consumption occurred during the Earth Summit of 1992. The research into sustainable consumption topics developed within the wider context of sustainability transitions (large-scale and long-term transformations of production and consumption systems), a research field that has evolved in the last 20–25 years. The research on sustainable consumption behaviour has evolved significantly, addressing a range of inter-related topics such as: influencing factors, consumer perceptions, motivational drivers, attitudes towards sustainable consumption, willingness to pay and its predictors, sustainable and pro-environmental purchasing behaviours.
  • 1.9K
  • 07 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Rain Fade Models
Developing a rain fade model involves mathematical analysis of rain attenuation phenomena by reasoning and cause-based interaction.
  • 1.9K
  • 27 May 2021
Topic Review
Lambari
Lambari is a group of small native fish from Brazil common in natural freshwater. They have gained visibility and good acceptance in very profitable market niches, such as human food and live bait for sport fishing.
  • 1.9K
  • 15 Sep 2021
Topic Review
The Complement System in Human Viral Diseases
The complement system (CS) is part of the human immune system, consisting of more than 30 proteins that play a vital role in the protection against various pathogens and diseases, including viral diseases. Activated via three pathways, the classical pathway (CP), the lectin pathway (LP), and the alternative pathway (AP), the complement system leads to the formation of a membrane attack complex (MAC) that disrupts the membrane of target cells, leading to cell lysis and death. Due to the increasing number of reports on its role in viral diseases, which may have implications for research on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
  • 1.9K
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Antibacterial Activity of Heterocyclic Compounds
Heterocyclic compounds are cyclic compounds which contain the atoms of two discrete elements as representative of their ring(s). They belong to one of the larger classes of organic compounds and also appear more valuable in different fields of chemistry.
  • 1.9K
  • 19 Dec 2022
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