You're using an outdated browser. Please upgrade to a modern browser for the best experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Vitamin D and Skeletal Muscle
Aging is associated with impairment in skeletal muscle mass and contractile function, predisposing to fat mass gain, insulin resistance and diabetes.  At cell and animal levels, that VitD treatments had positive effects on the development of muscle fibres in cells in culture, skeletal muscle force and hypertrophy. 
  • 538
  • 22 May 2021
Topic Review
Impaired ROS Generation in Mitochondria
The excessive formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impairment of defensive antioxidant systems leads to a condition known as oxidative stress. The main source of free radicals responsible for oxidative stress is mitochondrial respiration. The deleterious effects of ROS on cellular biomolecules, including DNA, is a well-known phenomenon that can disrupt mitochondrial function and contribute to cellular damage and death, and the subsequent development of various disease processes. 
  • 538
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Genetic Management of Tunisian Holstein Dairy Herds
In Tunisia, the recognition of the possibility of including longevity and disease resistance in dairy cattle selection objectives has been hypothesized as a useful strategy by both researchers and producers.
  • 538
  • 18 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Oxidative Stress and Poultry
A challenge facing the poultry industry is related to the spread of pathogens within commercial farms and, consequently, its high dependence on antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals. Although the inclusion of antibiotics at sub-therapeutical levels in broiler diets has proven to be an efficient strategy through which to suppress the pathogenic bacteria in the gut and enhance animal performance, their usage as growth promoters has been banned in Europe due to concerns regarding the consequences of antibiotic resistance on human health. Under this context, plenty of phytochemicals and antioxidants are being explored in broiler diets.
  • 538
  • 15 Apr 2024
Topic Review
Vaccinium myrtillus L. in Baltic-Nordic Region
Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) is a natural resource and a useful wild berry in Europe. Various parts of the plant contain many benefits for human health. The adaptation and secondary metabolism of V. myrtillus plants can be synergistically affected by a community of microbial endophytes.
  • 537
  • 07 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Mechanisms of Fe Deficiency in the Rhizosphere
One of the most significant constraints on agricultural productivity is the low availability of iron (Fe) in soil, which is directly related to biological, physical, and chemical activities in the rhizosphere. The rhizosphere has a high iron requirement due to plant absorption and microorganism density. Plant roots and microbes in the rhizosphere play a significant role in promoting plant iron (Fe) uptake, which impacts plant development and physiology by influencing nutritional, biochemical, and soil components. The concentration of iron accessible to these live organisms in most cultivated soil is quite low due to its solubility being limited by stable oxyhydroxide, hydroxide, and oxides. The dissolution and solubility rates of iron are also significantly affected by soil pH, microbial population, organic matter content, redox processes, and particle size of the soil. In Fe-limiting situations, plants and soil microbes have used active strategies such as acidification, chelation, and reduction, which have an important role to play in enhancing soil iron availability to plants. In response to iron deficiency, plant and soil organisms produce organic (carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, phytosiderophores, microbial siderophores, and phenolics) and inorganic (protons) chemicals in the rhizosphere to improve the solubility of poorly accessible Fe pools. The investigation of iron-mediated associations among plants and microorganisms influences plant development and health, providing a distinctive prospect to further our understanding of rhizosphere ecology and iron dynamics.
  • 537
  • 16 May 2023
Topic Review
Ripeness Estimation in Viticulture Automation
Ripeness estimation of fruits and vegetables is a key factor for the optimization of field management and the harvesting of the desired product quality. Typical ripeness estimation involves multiple manual samplings before harvest followed by chemical analyses. Machine vision has paved the way for agricultural automation by introducing quicker, cost-effective, and non-destructive methods.
  • 536
  • 16 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Effect of Arthrobacter  in Dairy Products
Milk is naturally a rich source of many essential nutrients; therefore, it is quite a suitable medium for bacterial growth and serves as a reservoir for bacterial contamination. The genus Arthrobacter is a food-related bacterial group commonly present as a contaminant in milk and dairy products as primary and secondary microflora. Arthrobacter bacteria frequently demonstrate the nutritional versatility to degrade different compounds even in extreme environments. As a result of their metabolic diversity, Arthrobacter species have long been of interest to scientists for application in various industry and biotechnology sectors. In the dairy industry, strains from the Arthrobacter genus are part of the microflora of raw milk known as an indicator of hygiene quality. Although they cause spoilage, they are also regarded as important strains responsible for producing fermented milk products, especially cheeses. Several Arthrobacter spp. have reported their significance in the development of cheese color and flavor. Furthermore, based on the data obtained from previous studies about its thermostability, and thermoacidophilic and thermoresistant properties, the genus Arthrobacter promisingly provides advantages for use as a potential producer of β-galactosidases to fulfill commercial requirements as its enzymes allow dairy products to be treated under mild conditions. In light of these beneficial aspects derived from Arthrobacter spp. including pigmentation, flavor formation, and enzyme production, this bacterial genus is potentially important for the dairy industry.
  • 536
  • 22 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Phage Therapy on Human and Poultry Infection
Acinetobacter baumannii is a multidrug-resistant and invasive pathogen associated with the etiopathology of both an increasing number of nosocomial infections and is of relevance to poultry production systems. Phage therapy has gained particular importance for the treatment of bacterial infections. Phage therapy represents a potential treatment solution for multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.
  • 535
  • 07 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Use of Propolis in Sustainable Agriculture
Propolis, also known as “bee glue”, is a resinous substance collected by honeybees from various plant sources. For centuries, propolis has been valued for its medicinal properties, primarily in human health applications.  The effectiveness of propolis in controlling common pests and diseases that affect crops, suppressing postharvest illnesses of fruits and vegetables, stimulating plant defenses and increasing stress resistance, is reviewed herein.
  • 534
  • 08 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Giant Otter
The Giant Otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) stands as one of the largest and most charismatic members of the Mustelidae family, captivating observers with its sleek, streamlined physique and social behaviors. Endemic to the freshwater habitats of South America, particularly the Amazon Basin, this semi-aquatic carnivore is known for its intricate vocalizations and close-knit family groups. Despite facing threats from habitat loss, pollution, and illegal hunting, conservation efforts are underway to protect and preserve this iconic species and its vital role in maintaining the health of aquatic ecosystems.
  • 534
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Northern Olingo
The Northern Olingo (Bassaricyon gabbii) is a small arboreal mammal found in the forests of Central America, primarily in Mexico, Honduras, and Guatemala. With its slender body, long bushy tail, and large eyes, the Northern Olingo bears a resemblance to both cats and weasels, though it is actually a member of the raccoon family. As a nocturnal and solitary creature, the Northern Olingo plays a crucial role in its forest ecosystem, preying on small mammals, birds, insects, and fruits while contributing to seed dispersal and maintaining ecological balance.
  • 533
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Genomic Interventions for Wheat Biofortification
Wheat is an essential constituent of cereal-based diets, and one of the most significant sources of calories. However, modern wheat varieties are low in proteins and minerals. Biofortification is a method for increasing the availability of essential elements in the edible portions of crops through agronomic or genetic and genomic interventions. Wheat biofortification, as a research topic, has become increasingly prevalent. 
  • 532
  • 09 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Connectomics in Glioma Surgery
The term connectomics broadly refers to the study of networks of structurally and functionally connected regions within the central nervous system. The interaction between glial tumors and structural and functional neuronal networks is becoming increasingly recognized and is reshaping our understanding of the impact of these infiltrative lesions on global brain function. 
  • 531
  • 07 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Mechanism of Melatonin in Horticultural Plants
It has been discovered that melatonin, a hormone that is known for its involvement in regulating sleep-wake cycles in mammals, has a range of different functions in horticultural plants. Research has shown that melatonin plays an important role in many physiological processes in plants. This includes the regulation of growth and development, stress tolerance and antioxidant defense. Melatonin has been found to be beneficial in supporting seed germination, roots, shoot growth and biomass accumulation in horticultural crops. It also has a key role in regulating vegetative and reproductive growth stages, floral transition and leaf senescence. Moreover, melatonin helps to improve stress tolerance in crops by regulating root architecture, nutrient uptake and ion transport. Additionally, melatonin acts as a broad-spectrum antioxidant by effectively scavenging reactive oxygen species and enhancing antioxidant activity. The mechanism of melatonin's action in horticultural plants involves gene expressions, hormone signaling pathways and antioxidant defense pathways. Melatonin interacts with other plant growth regulators, including auxins, cytokinins and abscisic acid, to coordinate different physiological processes in plants. Melatonin has become a versatile chemical entity with diverse functions in horticultural plants and its potential applications in crop production and stress management are being increasingly explored. 
  • 529
  • 28 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Resilience in Growing Pigs
Resilience can be defined as the ability of the animal to rapidly recover its productivity despite the perturbations that might occur during its productive life.
  • 528
  • 26 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Soybean CHYR Gene Family
The CHYR (CHY ZINC-FINGER AND RING FINGER PROTEIN) proteins have been functionally characterized in iron regulation and stress response in Arabidopsis, rice and Populus.  In soybean, 16 CHYR genes with conserved Zinc_ribbon, CHY zinc finger and Ring finger domains were obtained and divided into three groups. Moreover, additional 2–3 hemerythrin domains could be found in the N terminus of Group III. Phylogenetic and homology analysis of CHYRs in green plants indicated that three groups might originate from different ancestors. Expectedly, GmCHYR genes shared similar conserved domains/motifs distribution within the same group. Gene expression analysis uncovered their special expression patterns in different soybean tissues/organs and under various abiotic stresses. Group I and II members were mainly involved in salt and alkaline stresses. The expression of Group III members was induced/repressed by dehydration, salt and alkaline stresses, indicating their diverse roles in response to abiotic stress. 
  • 528
  • 29 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Canine and Feline Testicular Preservation
The increased interest in breeding dogs and cats and their use as models for other canids and felids demand research to improve reproductive techniques. Among them, testicular cryopreservation stands out. Testicular cryopreservation enables the maintenance of reproductive capacity and allows the establishment of germplasm banks for several species of commercial value or at risk of extinction. Furthermore, it enables the transport of genetic material among different regions. It is noteworthy that this biotechnology represents the only possibility of preserving the fertility of prepubertal animals that have died, so it has great importance in the propagation of the genetic material of animals. The spermatogonia present in the testes can be cultivated in vitro and the sperm obtained can be used in artificial reproduction programs. Although advances have been achieved with the use of testicular fragments to obtain viable and functional germ cells, the establishment of protocols that can be used in clinical routine have not been concluded yet. The testicular cryopreservation process can be carried out through techniques such as slow freezing, fast freezing and vitrification. However, the protocols used for the canine and feline species are still in the experimental phase. 
  • 528
  • 24 Jan 2022
Topic Review
SiMYB19
SiMYB19 is tentatively localized to the nucleus and activates transcription. It enhances salt tolerance in transgenic rice at the germination and seedling stages. SiMYB19 overexpression increased shoot height, grain yield, and salt tolerance in field- and salt pond-grown transgenic rice. SiMYB19 overexpression promotes abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation in transgenic rice and upregulates the ABA synthesis gene OsNCED3 and the ABA signal transduction pathway-related genes OsPK1 and OsABF2.
  • 528
  • 13 May 2022
Topic Review
Management Strategies of Peach–Potato Aphid Myzus persicae
The peach–potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), is one of the most important pests of economic crops. It damages the plant directly by consuming nutrients and water and indirectly by transmitting plant viruses. This pest has the unenviable title of having resistance to more insecticides than any other herbivorous insect pest. Due to the development of its resistance to chemical pesticides, it is necessary to find other control options. Consequently, increased efforts worldwide have been undertaken to develop new management approaches for M. persicae. 
  • 528
  • 01 Aug 2023
  • Page
  • of
  • 70
Featured Entry Collections
>>
Neurodegeneration
Neurodegeneration
Entries: 489
COVID-19
COVID-19
Entries: 737
Gastrointestinal Disease
Gastrointestinal Disease
Entries: 390
Biopharmaceuticals Technology
Biopharmaceuticals Technology
Entries: 649

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Academic Video Service
Feedback
<<2020-2029
201920202021202220232024202520262027202820292030
<<2020-2029
201920202021202220232024202520262027202820292030