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Topic Review
Self-Healing Mechanisms and 3D Printing
Existing self-healing mechanisms are still very far from full-scale implementation, and most published work has only demonstrated damage cure at the laboratory level. Their rheological nature makes the mechanisms for damage cure difficult to implement, as the component or structure is expected to continue performing its function. In most cases, a molecular bond level chemical reaction is required for complete healing with external stimulations such as heating, light and temperature change. Such requirements of external stimulations and reactions make the existing self-healing mechanism almost impossible to implement in 3D printed products, particularly in critical applications.
  • 2.0K
  • 17 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Wilson’s Disease
Wilson disease (WD) is a rare disorder caused by mutations in ATP7B, which leads to a defective biliary excretion of copper. Subsequent gradual accumulation of copper in different organs produces an extremely variable clinical picture, which comprises hepatic, neurological psychiatric, ophthalmological, and other disturbances. WD has specific treatment, so that early diagnosis is crucial in order to avoid the progression of the disease and its devastating consequences. The clinical diagnosis of WD is based on the Leipzig scale, which considers clinical, histological, biochemical and genetic data. However, even patients with an initial WD diagnosis based on a high Leipzig score result to suffer from other condition that mimics the WD’s phenotype (Wilson-like).
  • 2.0K
  • 22 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Weeds in Agricultural Fields
Weeds are significant contributors to the decline in crop yield and quality. Weeds compete with crops in terms of nutrients, water, and sunlight.
  • 2.0K
  • 18 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Fragaria Genus
Fragaria genus (Rosaceae), commonly known as strawberry, represents one of the most important food plants all over the world, with a double global production compared with all other fruit berries combined. Usually appreciated because of their specific flavor, the strawberries also possess biological properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, or anti-inflammatory effects.
  • 2.0K
  • 23 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Hearing Aid Application
Hearing aid application (HAA) is software which, when installed on a mobile computational platform, helps with hearing. Mobile devices may include smartphones, tablets or smart watch.
  • 2.0K
  • 08 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Shingled Magnetic Recording
Shingled magnetic recording (SMR) is a magnetic storage data recording technology used in hard disk drives (HDDs) to increase storage density and overall per-drive storage capacity. Conventional hard disk drives record data by writing non-overlapping magnetic tracks parallel to each other (perpendicular magnetic recording, PMR), while shingled recording writes new tracks that overlap part of the previously written magnetic track, leaving the previous track narrower and allowing for higher track density. Thus, the tracks partially overlap similar to roof shingles. This approach was selected because, if the writing head is made too narrow, it cannot provide the very high fields required in the recording layer of the disk.:7–9 The overlapping-tracks architecture complicates the writing process since writing to one track also overwrites an adjacent track. If adjacent tracks contain valid data, they must be rewritten as well. As a result, SMR drives are divided into many append-only (sequential) zones of overlapping tracks that need to be rewritten entirely when full, resembling flash blocks in solid state drives. Device-managed SMR devices hide this complexity by managing it in the firmware, presenting an interface like any other hard disk. Other SMR devices are host-managed and depend on the operating system to know how to handle the drive, and only write sequentially to certain regions of the drive. :11 ff. While SMR drives can use DRAM and flash memory caches to improve writing performance, continuous writing of large amount of data is noticeably slower than with PMR drives.
  • 2.0K
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Phase Change Materials
The energy sector is one of the fields of interest for different nations around the world. Due to the current fossil fuel crisis, the scientific community develops new energy-saving experiences to address this concern. Buildings are one of the elements of higher energy consumption, so the generation of knowledge and technological development may offer solutions to this energy demand, which are more than welcome. Phase change materials (PCMs) included in building elements such as wall panels, blocks, panels or coatings, for heating and cooling applications have been shown, when heating, to increase the heat storage capacity by absorbing heat as latent heat.
  • 2.0K
  • 29 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Food Fraud Detection by LPAS
Economically motivated adulterations of food, in general, and spices, in particular, are an emerging threat to world health. Reliable techniques for the rapid screening of counterfeited ingredients in the supply chain need further development. Building on the experience gained with CO2 lasers, the Diagnostic and Metrology Laboratory of ENEA realized a compact and user-friendly photoacoustic laser system for food fraud detection, based on a quantum cascade laser. The sensor has been challenged with saffron adulteration. Multivariate data analysis tools indicated that the photoacoustic laser system was able to detect adulterants at mass ratios of 2% in less than two minutes.
  • 2.0K
  • 28 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Plants Secondary Metabolites
Plant secondary metabolites were reported to inhibit carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes, possess kinase activating capacity, thereby affecting all the metabolic pathways of carbohydrate, lipid and protein, and can intervene in the insulin-signaling pathway, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress and restore molecular aberrations leading to insulin resistance and glucose intolerance.
  • 2.0K
  • 09 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Novel Delivery Systems of Polyphenols
Polyphenols encapsulated in liposomes are known to produce more substantial effects on targeted cells than unencapsulated polyphenols, while having minimal cytotoxicity in healthy cells. 
  • 2.0K
  • 29 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Cement Asphalt Emulsion Mortar Composites
CA mortar (sometimes abbreviated to CAM) is one of the major construction materials for slab ballastless track in high-speed railways; it is an intermediate layer flung within the space between the track slab and the trackbed (as depicted in) of CRTS I and CRTS II. Cement and asphalt mortar is an organic–inorganic composite material primarily composed of asphalt emulsion, cement, sand, water, and other chemical admixtures. This composite material possesses fascinating properties that are different from both concrete and asphalt material alone because it couples the strength of cement as well as the flexibility of asphalt material.
  • 2.0K
  • 03 Nov 2021
Topic Review
System-Level Prognostics
Condition-based maintenance (CBM) is a maintenance policy that maintains the reliability of system operation and reduces the downtime of the system. Prognostics and health management (PHM) has attracted much attention as the enabler of CBM. The PHM aims to predict the remaining useful life (RUL) of the system and suggest an optimal health management strategy.
  • 2.0K
  • 03 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Arthrocnemum indicum (Willd.) Moq. Extracts
Aromatic medicinal plants (AMP) with multiple targets might play a role in drug discovery and development due to their potential health-promoting effects and are a source of new pharmaceutical substances.
  • 2.0K
  • 30 Jan 2022
Topic Review
The Evaluation Role of the Ground-Penetrating Radar
Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a popular non-destructive technique for evaluating RC bridge elements as it can identify major subsurface defects within a short span of time.
  • 2.0K
  • 01 Apr 2022
Topic Review
China’s Disability Employment System and Firm Performance
Employment is a fundamental human right of the disabled, and is also an important way for them to meet their survival needs, fully integrate into social life and realize their self-worth. As a group with a total population of more than 1 billion, the difficulty of employment for the disabled has always been a matter of great concern to official organizations and scholars. The OECD (2003; 2010) reported that disabled people were at twice the risk of unemployment and poverty compared to non-disabled people.
  • 2.0K
  • 18 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Zirconolite and Murataite for the Immobilization of Actinides
Zirconolite is highly stable in nature, with isotope systems that have been closed for hundreds of million years, making it possible for age determination. Murataite is a very rare mineral, its synthetic counerpart was first discovered in the Synroc matrix from defense waste obtained by sintering. Synthetic zirconolie and murataite can be applied for nuclear waste immobilization. 
  • 2.0K
  • 14 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Nanoencapsulated Phase-Change Materials
Phase-change materials (PCMs) are becoming more widely acknowledged as essential elements in thermal energy storage, greatly aiding the pursuit of lower building energy consumption and the achievement of net-zero energy goals. PCMs are frequently constrained by their subpar heat conductivity, despite their expanding importance. 
  • 2.0K
  • 30 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Pangolin
Pangolins are scaly, nocturnal mammals of the order Pholidota, characterized by their keratin-covered bodies and specialized myrmecophagous (ant- and termite-eating) diets. Found across Asia and Africa, pangolins are the only mammals wholly covered in protective keratin scales and are unique in their evolutionary lineage. Due to extensive illegal trafficking and habitat loss, they are among the most threatened mammals globally.
  • 2.0K
  • 24 Jun 2025
Topic Review
Climate Change on Himalayan Yak (Bos grunniens)
Climate change is a global issue, with a wide range of ecosystems being affected by changing climatic conditions including the Himalaya. Yak are exquisitely adapted to the high-altitude conditions of the Himalaya and are thus highly likely to be affected by climate change. 
  • 2.0K
  • 07 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Public Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructures Planning and Operation
Planning public electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure has gradually become a key factor in the electrification of mobility and decarbonization of the transport sector. In order to achieve a high level of electrification in mobility, different studies have been presented, proposing novel practices and methodologies for the planning and operation of electric vehicles charging infrastructure. 
  • 2.0K
  • 19 Sep 2023
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