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HandWiki. Shingled Magnetic Recording. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/37636 (accessed on 25 September 2026).
HandWiki. Shingled Magnetic Recording. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/37636. Accessed September 25, 2026.
HandWiki. "Shingled Magnetic Recording" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/37636 (accessed September 25, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, December 01). Shingled Magnetic Recording. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/37636
HandWiki. "Shingled Magnetic Recording." Encyclopedia. Web. 01 December, 2022.
Shingled Magnetic Recording
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Physics:Shingled_magnetic_recording

Shingled magnetic recording (SMR) is a magnetic storage data recording technology used in hard disk drives (HDDs) to increase storage density and overall per-drive storage capacity. Conventional hard disk drives record data by writing non-overlapping magnetic tracks parallel to each other (perpendicular magnetic recording, PMR), while shingled recording writes new tracks that overlap part of the previously written magnetic track, leaving the previous track narrower and allowing for higher track density. Thus, the tracks partially overlap similar to roof shingles. This approach was selected because, if the writing head is made too narrow, it cannot provide the very high fields required in the recording layer of the disk.:7–9 The overlapping-tracks architecture complicates the writing process since writing to one track also overwrites an adjacent track. If adjacent tracks contain valid data, they must be rewritten as well. As a result, SMR drives are divided into many append-only (sequential) zones of overlapping tracks that need to be rewritten entirely when full, resembling flash blocks in solid state drives. Device-managed SMR devices hide this complexity by managing it in the firmware, presenting an interface like any other hard disk. Other SMR devices are host-managed and depend on the operating system to know how to handle the drive, and only write sequentially to certain regions of the drive. :11 ff. While SMR drives can use DRAM and flash memory caches to improve writing performance, continuous writing of large amount of data is noticeably slower than with PMR drives.

magnetic recording disk.7–9 magnetic storage

References

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  2. "Seagate Delivers On Technology Milestone: First To Ship Hard Drives Using Next-Generation Shingled Magnetic Recording". 9 September 2013. https://www.seagate.com/news/news-archive/shingled-magnetic-recording-milestone-pr-master/. 
  3. Geoff Gasior (September 9, 2020). "Shingled platters breathe helium inside HGST's 10TB hard drive". The Tech Report. http://techreport.com/news/27031/shingled-platters-breathe-helium-inside-hgst-10tb-hard-drive. Retrieved February 9, 2020. 
  4. Sebastian Anthony (3 December 2020). "HGST releases helium-filled 10TB hard drive; Seagate twiddles shingled fingers". Ars Technica. http://arstechnica.co.uk/information-technology/2020/12/hgst-releases-helium-filled-10tb-hard-drive-seagate-twiddles-shingled-fingers/. Retrieved 3 December 2015. 
  5. "15TB and 14TB SMR Hard Drives Ultrastar DC HC620" (in en). https://www.hgst.com/products/hard-drives/ultrastar-dc-hc620. Retrieved 30 October 2019. 
  6. Salter, Jim. "Sneaky Marketing Redux: Toshiba, Seagate Shipping Slower SMR Drives Without Disclosure, Too". Ars Technica. https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2020/04/caveat-emptor-smr-disks-are-being-submarined-into-unexpected-channels/. 
  7. FreeNAS Blog on Red vs Red Plus https://www.ixsystems.com/blog/wd-red-plus-drives/
  8. "Western Digital Hard Drive $2.7M Class Action Settlement". https://topclassactions.com/lawsuit-settlements/consumer-products/electronics/1030245-western-digital-hard-drive-2-7m-class-action-settlement/. 
  9. "Zoned Block Commands (ZBC)". ANSI T10 Committee. http://www.t10.org/cgi-bin/ac.pl?t=f&f=zbc-r05.pdf. 
  10. Campello, Jorge (24 September 2015). "SMR: The Next Generation of Storage Technology". http://www.snia.org/sites/default/files/SDC15_presentations/smr/JorgeCampello_SMR_Next_Generation_Storage_Technology.pdf. 
  11. "Shingled Magnetic Recording: Models, Standardization, and Applications". Storage Networking Industry Association. September 22, 2014. http://www.snia.org/sites/default/files/Dunn-Feldman_SNIA_Tutorial_Shingled_Magnetic_Recording-r7_Final.pdf. Retrieved February 9, 2015. 
  12. Mellor, Chris (15 April 2020). "Shingled hard drives have non-shingled zones for caching writes". https://blocksandfiles.com/2020/04/15/shingled-drives-have-non-shingled-zones-for-caching-writes/. 
  13. Brewer, Eric; Ying, Lawrence; Greenfield, Lawrence; Cypher, Robert; T'so, Theodore (2016). "Disks for Data Centers" (in en). Proceedings of USENIX FAST 2016. https://research.google/pubs/pub44830/. 
  14. "TRIM Command Support for WD External Drives". https://support-en.wd.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/25185. 
  15. zonectl(8) – FreeBSD System Manager's Manual //www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zonectl&sektion=8
  16. "SMR (Shingled Magnetic Recording) 101" (in en). Tom's IT Pro. http://www.tomsitpro.com/articles/shingled-magnetic-recoding-smr-101-basics,2-933.html. Retrieved 2018-03-03. 
  17. "Introduction to Shingled Magnetic Recording". https://zonedstorage.io/introduction/smr/. 
  18. "Information technology - ATA Command Set - 4 (ACS-4), Draft revision 18". http://t13.org/Documents/UploadedDocuments/docs2017/di529r18-ATAATAPI_Command_Set_-_4.pdf. 
  19. Seagate. "SCSI Commands Reference Manual, Rev. J". p. 472. https://www.seagate.com/files/staticfiles/support/docs/manual/Interface%20manuals/100293068j.pdf. 
  20. T10, 2020.
  21. Weber, Ralph O (April 23, 2020). "SBC-5, ZBC-2: Obsolete the ZONED field". https://www.t10.org/cgi-bin/ac.pl?t=d&f=20-054r1.pdf. 
  22. "NVMe Zoned Namespace". https://zonedstorage.io/introduction/zns/. 
  23. Magic Pocket Hardware Engineering Teams. "Extending Magic Pocket Innovation with the first petabyte scale SMR drive deployment". https://dropbox.tech/infrastructure/extending-magic-pocket-innovation-with-the-first-petabyte-scale-smr-drive-deployment. 
  24. "Archive HDD" (in en). Seagate. https://www.seagate.com/www-content/product-content/hdd-fam/seagate-archive-hdd/en-us/docs/archive-hdd-ds1834-5c-1508us.pdf. Retrieved 2019-03-03. 
  25. "File Systems". https://zonedstorage.io/linux/fs/. 
  26. "Seagate/SMR_FS-EXT4: an addition to the popular EXT4 to enable support for devices that use the ZBC or ZAC standards". Seagate Technology. 10 December 2019. https://github.com/Seagate/SMR_FS-EXT4. 
  27. "Device Mapper". https://zonedstorage.io/linux/dm. 
  28. Le Moal, Damien. "fs: New zonefs file system". https://lwn.net/Articles/793585/. 
  29. Merry, Kenneth (2015-05-19). "FreeBSD Revision 300207: Add support for managing Shingled Magnetic Recording (SMR) drives.". https://svnweb.freebsd.org/base?view=revision&revision=300207. 
  30. Collins, Brendan (13 November 2017). "Dynamic Hybrid SMR". Western Digital. https://blog.westerndigital.com/dynamic-hybrid-smr/. Retrieved 25 August 2018. 
  31. "Dynamic Hybrid-SMR: an OCP proposal to improve data center disk drives". 13 November 2017. https://www.blog.google/topics/google-cloud/dynamic-hybrid-smr-ocp-proposal-improve-data-center-disk-drives/. 
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