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Topic Review
Eco-safe Rural Roads assessment
Rural roads are important for the communities in the hilly areas of Nepal as they introduce livelihood opportunities at the local level, provide better access to the health care, education and resources. Yet, most of the rural roads in Nepal are unplanned and non-engineered, and these roads are often closed for many months during and after the monsoon. Such roads require huge investments, especially post-monsoon, to clear debris and to keep them operational. In parallel, there is evidence that such roads lead to large number of slope failures and accelerated sedimentation, which degrade the environment and ecosystem services. To remedy such roadside slope failures, eco-engineering practices were tested and demonstrated in partnership with three communities in the Panchase Region of the Nepal’s Central-Western Middle Hills.  Eco-engineering is a hybrid approach, combining civil engineering works for drainage and slope stability, with the plantation of deep-rooted vegetation. It is one activity contributing to Nature based Solutions (NbS) for the sustainable and long-term operation of the rural roads in the Panchase geographic region. This paper describes the inter-disciplinary and community-based research, monitoring and evaluation methods applied, including, the establishment of onsite demonstration plots and Rhizotrons in which Key performance Indicators (KPI) analysis of plant species were performed. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of eco-engineering for reducing risk, while creating ecological co-benefits along rural roads (or eco-safe roads) in hilly areas.  Based on this research, an ‘Eco-safe Rural Road Assessment Framework’ was developed, outlining the systematic process to be followed for the design of eco-safe rural roads for more sustainable road construction and maintenance. The ecological engineering practices which are being promoted by this framework have been accepted by communities and could be further implemented by local government bodies and up-scaled in other similar hilly areas around the country. 
  • 2.1K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Plant Proteins
In the food industry, proteins are regarded as multifunctional systems whose bioactive hetero-polymeric properties are affected by physicochemical interactions with the surrounding components in formulations. Due to their nutritional value, plant proteins are increasingly considered by the new product developer to provide three-dimensional assemblies of required structure, texture, solubility and interfacial/bulk stability with physical, chemical or enzymatic treatment. This molecular flexibility allows them to form systems for the preservation of fresh food, retention of good nutrition and interaction with a range of microconstituents. While, animal- and milk-based proteins have been widely discussed in the literature, the role of plant proteins in the development of functional foods with enhanced nutritional profile and targeted physiological effects can be further explored. Molecular functionality of plant proteins in relation to their structural transformation i.e. gelation, phase separation and vitrification, is discussed in this review.
  • 2.1K
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Integrated Microbial Fuel Cell System
Microbial fuel cell is an exclusive treatment for the management of contaminated water and energy production based on microbe–electrode interaction. Although the technology has developed significantly in recent years, it is still far from being employed in the practical field. Scalability problems, including external and internal resistance, size challenges, and cathode problems, are the reasons for its confined efficiency. MFCs appear to have the potential to be integrated into other processes, such as sediment MFCs (SMFCs), desalination cells (DS), membrane biofilters, and constructed wetlands (CWs).
  • 2.1K
  • 25 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Marine Biopolymers' Applications in Food Packaging
Marine sources are gaining popularity and attention as novel materials for manufacturing biopolymers such as proteins and polysaccharides. Due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity features, these biopolymers have been claimed to be beneficial in the development of food packaging materials. Several studies have thoroughly researched the extraction, isolation, and latent use of marine biopolymers in the fabrication of environmentally acceptable packaging. 
  • 2.1K
  • 24 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Air Pollution Tolerance Index
Air pollution is a global environmental issue, and there is an urgent need for sustainable remediation techniques. Thus, phytoremediation has become a popular approach to air pollution remediation.
  • 2.1K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Rare Genetic Syndromes Associated with Autism
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social and communicative skills, behavioral stereotypes, and sensory abnormalities. Its prevalence is one in 54 children, with the number of identified cases rising annually. Atypical sensory processing is one of the key characteristics of autistic people that can have a cascading influence on higher-level functions, such as language or social inference. Behaviorally, sensory abnormalities can present as hypo- and hyperresponsiveness (or hypo- and hyperreactivity). One of potential reasons for this multidirectional deficit is the high heterogeneity of idiopathic ASD (the form of autism where the biological cause of the disease is not identified). 
  • 2.1K
  • 17 May 2022
Topic Review
Shelter Self-Recovery
The term “self-recovery” is used in the humanitarian shelter and settlements sector to mean the process whereby disaster-affected households repair, build, or rebuild their homes using their own resources supplemented with assistance from humanitarian organizations. 
  • 2.1K
  • 01 Jul 2022
Topic Review
A Patch-Based CNN Built on the VGG-16 Architecture
Facial recognition is a prevalent method for biometric authentication that is utilized in a variety of software applications. This technique is susceptible to spoofing attacks, in which an imposter gains access to a system by presenting the image of a legitimate user to the sensor, hence increasing the risks to social security. Consequently, facial liveness detection has become an essential step in the authentication process prior to granting access to users. A patch-based convolutional neural network (CNN) with a deep component for facial liveness detection for security enhancement was developed, which was based on the VGG-16 architecture.
  • 2.1K
  • 13 Sep 2022
Topic Review
U-NII
The Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) radio band is part of the radio frequency spectrum used by IEEE 802.11a devices and by many wireless ISPs. It operates over four ranges: Wireless ISPs generally use 5.725–5.825 GHz. In the USA licensed amateur radio operators are authorized 5.650–5.925 GHz by Part 97.303 of the FCC rules. U-NII is an FCC regulatory domain for 5 GHz wireless devices. U-NII power limits are defined by the United States CFR Title 47 (Telecommunication), Part 15 - Radio Frequency Devices, Subpart E - Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure Devices, Paragraph 15.407 - General technical requirements. Regulatory use in individual countries may differ. The European HiperLAN standard operates in same frequency band as the U-NII.
  • 2.1K
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Seed Characteristics and Germination within the Rosa Genus
Seed germination is a crucial stage in the life cycle of plants, and understanding the factors influencing germination is essential for successful cultivation, plant breeding, and conservation efforts. The genus Rosa, commonly known as roses, encompasses a diverse group of flowering plants renowned for their beauty and fragrance. Rosa germination is influenced by a variety of factors, including seed dormancy, environmental conditions, and seed treatments. Many Rosa species exhibit different types of seed dormancy, such as physical dormancy caused by hard seed coats and physiological dormancy due to internal mechanisms. Overcoming seed dormancy often requires specific treatments, including cold stratification, scarification, or chemical treatments, to promote germination. Environmental factors, including temperature, moisture, light, and substrate, play vital roles in Rosa germination.
  • 2.1K
  • 28 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Lithium Technologies
Lithium Technologies is a San Francisco-based provider of software that allows businesses to connect with their customers on social media and digital channels. Lithium was founded in 2001 as a spin-out from GX Media, which created technologies for professional rankings and tournaments and now hosts a number of popular gaming sites. The company's founders include Dennis Fong, Lyle Fong, Michel Thouati, Kirk Yokomizo, John Joh, Nader Alizadeh, Michael Yang, and Matt Ayres. The Lithium platform comprises a set of products for digital marketing and social customer support, including Lithium Communities, which act as the hub for a brand's digital conversations; Lithium Response, a social customer care tool; and Lithium Reach a social media management tool. Klout data powers the Lithium platform with its proprietary algorithms and volume of data with over 750M scored profiles." Lithium's SaaS platform combines online customer community applications such as forums, blogs, innovation management, product reviews, and tribal knowledge bases with the broader social web and traditional CRM business processes, resulting in a wide range of online customer interaction methods. Stemming from its gaming roots, the platform incorporates elaborate rating systems for contributors, with ranks, badges, and "kudos counts". Lithium hosts an annual user conference, LiNC (Lithium Networking Conference) designed to give digital strategists a deeper understanding of trends in social customer engagement. Since its inception in 2008, the event has grown 1,100% to 900+ attendees in 2016. In 2017, the company held a series of localized LiNC events in cities like London, San Francisco, and Sydney.
  • 2.1K
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Electroplated Nanotwinned Copper in Microelectronic Packaging
Copper is the most common interconnecting material in the field of microelectronic packaging, which is widely used in advanced electronic packaging technologies. However, with the trend of the miniaturization of electronic devices, the dimensions of interconnectors have decreased from hundreds of microns to tens of or even several microns, which has brought serious reliability issues. As a result, nanotwinned copper (nt-Cu) has been proposed as a potential candidate material and is being certified progressively.
  • 2.1K
  • 17 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Allergy and Allergic Diseases Prevention
Prophylactic interventions for the prevention of allergic diseases differ depending on the timing and the stage in the ontogeny of the processes leading from sensitisation to clinical symptoms.  They can be divided into primary, secondary and tertiary prophylaxis.
  • 2.1K
  • 25 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Clostridium perfringens as foodborne pathogen
Clostridium perfringens (Cp.) is a Gram-positive, anaerobic, nonmotile rod that forms subterminal spores. This bacterium has characteristics that contribute to its ability to cause foodborne illness by the thermotolerant spores. Meat and poultry products are identified as the main source of infection for humans. The diversity of toxins produced by Cp. has allowed it to be the cause of various diseases in humans and animals, due their rapid growth rate in warm food. In humans, it is associated with diseases related to food consumption that has been prepared or preserved in inadequate hygienic conditions, meanwhile the toxin causes necrotic enteritis in broilers.
  • 2.1K
  • 21 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Atorvastatin
Atorvastatin (ATS) is the gold-standard treatment worldwide for the management of hypercholesterolemia and prevention of cardiovascular diseases associated with dyslipidemia.
  • 2.1K
  • 01 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Biophilic Design Patterns for Primary Schools
Existing frameworks for biophilic design have similar strategies and attributes as useful checklists for designers; however, the focus has been on adults rather than children, and there remains the need for more guidance related to school design by extension. The application of biophilia would be a design resolution in schools because of its impact on children’s health and well-being, which has been more important since the pandemic started; however, it remains quite unexplored in school design in many countries, including the UK. Biophilic design patterns can be used in school buildings and grounds for greater connectivity between spaces and nature in order to promote children’s well-being.
  • 2.1K
  • 03 Dec 2021
Topic Review
P(3HB-co-3HV)
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (P(3HB-co-3HV)) is the most studied short-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) with high application importance in various fields owing to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, renewability and thermoplastic properties. PHA are biopolyesters with plastic-like properties accumulated by microorganisms as a reserved energy source in the form of granules under carbon-excess and nitrogen-limited conditions. P(3HB-co-3HV) can be produced through microbial fermentation and has great potential as an alternative for non-biodegradable synthetic plastics.
  • 2.1K
  • 24 Feb 2022
Biography
Prakash Divakaran
Dr. Prakash Divakaran Is an Indian Entrepreneur, Professor, Supply Chain Expert, Keynote Speaker, and Pro-Vice chancellor at Himalayan University. He is the Director and CEO of Infinite Global Research Conference Pvt.Ltd Pune, India. A Graduate of Business Administration, Ph.D. from Madurai Kamaraj University. Dr.Prakash Divakaran is Credited with several Books and Articles on Supply Chain, Econ
  • 2.1K
  • 23 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Rhizopus oryzae Lipase
Lipases are biocatalysts with a significant potential to enable a shift from current pollutant manufacturing processes to environmentally sustainable approaches. The main reason of this prospect is their catalytic versatility as they carry out several industrially relevant reactions as hydrolysis of fats in water/lipid interface and synthesis reactions in solvent-free or non-aqueous media such as transesterification, interesterification and esterification. Because of the outstanding traits of Rhizopus oryzae lipase (ROL), 1,3-specificity, high enantioselectivity and stability in organic media, its application in energy, food and pharmaceutical industrial sector has been widely studied. Significant advances have been made in the biochemical characterisation of ROL particularly in how its activity and stability are affected by the presence of its prosequence. In addition, native and heterologous production of ROL, the latter in cell factories like Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris), have been thoroughly described. Therefore, in this review, we summarise the current knowledge about R. oryzae lipase (i) biochemical characteristics, (ii) production strategies and (iii) potential industrial applications.
  • 2.1K
  • 10 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Medicinal Plants against SARS-CoV
SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) is in focus over all known human diseases, because it is destroying the world economy and social life, with increased mortality rate each day. To date, there is no specific medicine or vaccine available against this pandemic disease. However, the presence of medicinal plants and their bioactive molecules with antiviral properties might also be a successful strategy in order to develop therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The identification of novel antiviral compounds is of critical significance, and medicinal plant based natural compounds are a good source for such discoveries. In depth search and analysis revealed several medicinal plants with excellent efficacy against SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV, which are well-known to act on ACE-2 receptor, 3CLpro and other viral protein targets. It has consolidated the data of several medicinal plants and their natural bioactive metabolites, which have promising antiviral activities against coronaviruses with detailed modes of action/mechanism. It is concluded that this topics will be useful for researchers worldwide and highly recommended for the development of naturally safe and effective therapeutic drugs/agents against SARS-CoV-2 infection, which might be used in therapeutic protocols alone or in combination with chemically synthetized drugs.
  • 2.1K
  • 01 Dec 2020
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