Your browser does not fully support modern features. Please upgrade for a smoother experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Biography
Thomas Poulter
Thomas Charles Poulter (March 3, 1897 – June 4, 1978) was a scientist and antarctic explorer who worked at the Armour Institute of Technology and SRI International, where he was an associate director.[1] He was born on March 3, 1897 to Micajah Poulter in Salem, Iowa. While he was a physics professor at Iowa Wesleyan College he recognized James Van Allen as a student and put him to work,
  • 975
  • 26 Dec 2022
Biography
David Tudor Jones
David Tudor Jones (born 1966)[1] is a Professor of Bioinformatics, and Head of Bioinformatics Group in the University College London.[2] He is also the director in Bloomsbury Center for Bioinformatics, which is a joint Research Centre between UCL and Birkbeck, University of London and which also provides bioinformatics training and support services to biomedical researchers. In 2013, he is a mem
  • 974
  • 05 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Mycotoxins in Food Commodities in Cameroon
Mycotoxins are naturally occurring toxins that contaminate different crops and foodstuffs under certain circumstances during harvesting, handling, storage, and processing. It is noteworthy that mycotoxins contaminate the main staple foods of Cameroonian communities, which are also often used as complementary foods for infants, young children, and people with compromised immune systems (e.g., HIV/AIDS), thus calling for urgent intervention in primary and secondary prevention.
  • 974
  • 06 May 2023
Topic Review
Diets and Immunotherapy
Maternal diet has significant effects on development of childhood atopic disease and hypersensitivity development. However, the gestational dysfunctions demanding special diets and mothers' habitual diets is becoming a widespread phenomenon. Adherence to these diets is mandatory in most cases; however, their immunological implications can be manifested in the profile of identified antibodies in the serum of children. Epigenetic modulation appear to be one of the most  promising immunotherapy method. Especially methylation may serve as an anchor upon which gene expression modulates reaction severity, but depending on the gene, both increased and reduced methylation can be a factor in the induction of an allergic process and its severity. 
  • 971
  • 25 Apr 2021
Biography
D. Allan Bromley
David Allan Bromley (May 4, 1926 – February 10, 2005) was a Canadian-American physicist, academic administrator and Science Advisor to American president George H. W. Bush.[1] His field of research was the study of low-energy nuclear reactions and structure using heavy ion beams. Born in Westmeath, Ontario, Canada, he received a Bachelor of Science in 1949 and a Master of Science in 1950 fr
  • 971
  • 15 Nov 2022
Biography
Paul H. Carr
Paul Henry Carr (born May 12, 1935)[1] is a physicist and researcher. His ten patents have contributed to compact, low-cost filters and signal processing devices for radar, TV, and cell phones. Born in Boston, raised in Cabot and Richford, VT, Carr graduated from Boston Latin School in 1953, earned a B.S. degree in physics in 1957, and a M.S. degree in physics in 1961, both from Massachusetts
  • 970
  • 13 Dec 2022
Biography
Friedrich Bopp
Friedrich Arnold "Fritz" Bopp (27 December 1909 – 14 November 1987) was a Germany theoretical physicist who contributed to nuclear physics and quantum field theory. He worked at the Kaiser-Wilhelm Institut für Physik and with the Uranverein. He was a professor at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and a President of the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. He signed the Göttingen Man
  • 970
  • 27 Dec 2022
Biography
William Houlder Zachariasen
(Fredrik) William Houlder "Willie" Zachariasen (5 February 1906 – 24 December 1979) was a Norwegian-American physicist, specializing in X-ray crystallography and famous for his work on the structure of glass.[1] Fredrik William Houlder Zachariasen was born in Langesund at Bamble in Telemark, Norway. He entered the University of Oslo in 1923, where he studied in the Mineralogical Institute.
  • 968
  • 12 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) is a common, non-contagious infection of the gums with sudden onset. The main features are painful, bleeding gums, and ulceration of inter-dental papillae (the sections of gum between adjacent teeth). This disease, along with necrotizing (ulcerative) periodontitis (NP or NUP) is classified as a necrotizing periodontal disease, one of the seven general types of gum disease caused by inflammation of the gums (periodontitis). The often severe gum pain that characterizes ANUG distinguishes it from the more common chronic periodontitis which is rarely painful. If ANUG is improperly treated or neglected, it may become chronic and/or recurrent. The causative organisms are mostly anaerobic bacteria, particularly Fusobacteriota and spirochete species. Predisposing factors include poor oral hygiene, smoking, poor nutrition, psychological stress, and a weakened immune system. When the attachments of the teeth to the bone are involved, the term NUP is used. Treatment of ANUG is by removal of dead gum tissue and antibiotics (usually metronidazole) in the acute phase, and improving oral hygiene to prevent recurrence. Although the condition has a rapid onset and is debilitating, it usually resolves quickly and does no serious harm. The informal name trench mouth arose during World War I as many soldiers developed the disease, probably because of the poor conditions and extreme psychological stress.
  • 966
  • 06 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Ridge
Ridges (regions of increased gene expression) are domains of the genome with a high gene expression; the opposite of ridges are antiridges. The term was first used by Caron et al. in 2001. Characteristics of ridges are: Gene dense, Contain many C and G nucleobases, Genes have short introns, High SINE repeat density, Low LINE repeat density.
  • 966
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Trench Mouth
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) is a common, non-contagious infection of the gums with sudden onset. The main features are painful, bleeding gums, and ulceration of inter-dental papillae (the sections of gum between adjacent teeth). This disease, along with necrotizing (ulcerative) periodontitis (NP or NUP) is classified as a necrotizing periodontal disease, one of the seven general types of gum disease caused by inflammation of the gums (periodontitis). The often severe gum pain that characterizes ANUG distinguishes it from the more common chronic periodontitis which is rarely painful. If ANUG is improperly treated or neglected, it may become chronic and/or recurrent. The causative organisms are mostly anaerobic bacteria, particularly Fusobacteriota and spirochete species. Predisposing factors include poor oral hygiene, smoking, poor nutrition, psychological stress, and a weakened immune system. When the attachments of the teeth to the bone are involved, the term NUP is used. Treatment of ANUG is by removal of dead gum tissue and antibiotics (usually metronidazole) in the acute phase, and improving oral hygiene to prevent recurrence. Although the condition has a rapid onset and is debilitating, it usually resolves quickly and does no serious harm. The informal name trench mouth arose during World War I as many soldiers developed the disease, probably because of the poor conditions and extreme psychological stress.
  • 966
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Idaea (Genus)
Idaea, sometimes called Hyriogona, is a large genus of geometer moths. They are found nearly worldwide, with many native to the Mediterranean, the African savannas, and the deserts of western Asia. As of 2013, there were about 680 species in the genus.
  • 964
  • 19 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Recent Advancements in Cancer Immunotherapy
This entry broadly focuses on recent immunotherapeutic techniques against cancer.
  • 963
  • 10 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Sulfated Galactofucans
Fucoidans encompass versatile and heterogeneous sulfated biopolysaccharides of marine origin, specifically brown algae and marine invertebrates. The reported studies revealed diverse chemical skeletons in which l-fucose is the main sugar monomer. However, other sugars, i.e., galactose, mannose, etc., have been identified to be interspersed, forming several heteropolymers, including galactofucans/fucogalactans (G-fucoidans). Particularly, sulfated galactofucans are associated with rich chemistry contributing to more promising bioactivities than fucans and other marine polysaccharides. The previous reports showed that G-fucoidans derived from Undaria pinnatifida were the most studied; 21 bioactivities were investigated, especially antitumor and antiviral activities, and unique biomedical applications compared to other marine polysaccharides were demonstrated.
  • 962
  • 30 Jun 2022
Biography
Ilona Kickbusch
Ilona Kickbusch (born 27 August 1948 in Munich, Germany) is a Germany political scientist best known for her contribution to health promotion and global health.[1][2][3] She is currently adjunct professor at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva.[4] Kickbusch grew up first in Munich and then in Chennai, India, where her father worked as a diplomat.[1] In 1981
  • 962
  • 12 Dec 2022
Biography
Fereydoon Family
Fereydoon Family (born September 18, 1945) is a leading Persian physicist in the field of nanotechnology and solid-state physics. He is currently Samuel Candler Dobbs Professor of Physics and a member of the Emerson Center for Scientific Computation at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia. He is an elected fellow of the American Physical Society, and a recipient of the Southeastern Section of th
  • 961
  • 09 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Sea Ice Microbial Communities
Sea Ice Microbial Communities (SIMCO) refer to groups of microorganisms living within and at the interfaces of sea ice at the poles. The ice matrix they inhabit has strong vertical gradients of salinity, light, temperature and nutrients. Sea ice chemistry is most influenced by the salinity of the brine which affects the pH and the concentration of dissolved nutrients and gases. The brine formed during the melting sea ice creates pores and channels in the sea ice in which these microbes can live. As a result of these gradients and dynamic conditions, a higher abundance of microbes are found in the lower layer of the ice, although some are found in the middle and upper layers. Despite this extreme variability in environmental conditions, the taxonomical community composition tends to remain consistent throughout the year, until the ice melts. Much of the knowledge concerning the community diversity of the sea ice is known through genetic analyses and next-generation sequencing. In both the Arctic and Antarctic, Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria and Flavobacteriia are the common bacterial classes found. Most sea ice Archaea belong to the phylum Nitrososphaerota while most of the protists belong to one of 3 supergroups: Alveolata, Stramenopile and Rhizaria. The abundance of living cells within and on sea ice ranges from 104-108 cells/mL. These microbial communities play a significant role in the microbial loop as well as in global biogeochemical cycles. Sea ice communities are important because they provide an energy source for higher trophic levels, they contribute to primary production and they provide a net influx of Carbon in the oceans at the poles.
  • 960
  • 11 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitors
Hedgehog pathway inhibitors are small molecules that inhibit the activity of a component of the Hedgehog signaling pathway. Due to the role of aberrant Hedgehog signaling in tumor progression and cancer stem cell maintenance across cancer types, inhibition of the Hedgehog signaling pathway can be a useful strategy for restricting tumor growth and for preventing the recurrence of the disease post-surgery, post-radiotherapy, or post-chemotherapy. Thus, Hedgehog pathway inhibitors are an important class of anti-cancer drugs. At least three Hedgehog pathway inhibitors have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for cancer treatment. These include Vismodegib and Erismodegib, both inhibitors of Smoothened (SMO), which are being used for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma. Arsenic Trioxide, an inhibitor of GLI transcription factors, is being used for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. In addition, multiple other Hedgehog pathway inhibitors are in different phases of clinical trials.
  • 956
  • 09 Nov 2022
Biography
Gertrude Fanny Neumark
Gertrude Fanny Neumark, also known as Gertrude Neumark Rothschild, (April 29, 1927 – November 11, 2010[1]) was an American physicist, most noted for her work in material science and physics of semiconductors with emphasis on optical and electrical properties of wide bandgap semiconductors and their light emitting devices.[2] She was born in Nuremberg, Germany in 1927. Her family, who were J
  • 953
  • 13 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Threatened Fauna of Australia
Threatened fauna of Australia are those species and subspecies of birds, fish, frogs, insects, mammals, molluscs, crustaceans and reptiles to be found in Australia that are in danger of becoming extinct. This list is the list proclaimed under the Australian federal Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). The classifications are based on those used by the World Conservation Union (IUCN), however IUCN and Australian rankings do differ. Each state and territory has its own legislation relating to environmental protection]].
  • 952
  • 11 Nov 2022
  • Page
  • of
  • 68
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Reprints

>>
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Medieval Royal Iconography
Academic Video Service
Feedback