Submitted Successfully!
To reward your contribution, here is a gift for you: A free trial for our video production service.
Thank you for your contribution! You can also upload a video entry or images related to this topic.
Version Summary Created by Modification Content Size Created at Operation
1 handwiki -- 523 2022-12-09 01:18:42 |
2 format correct Meta information modification 535 2022-12-12 11:12:45 |

Video Upload Options

Do you have a full video?

Confirm

Are you sure to Delete?
Cite
If you have any further questions, please contact Encyclopedia Editorial Office.
HandWiki. Gertrude Fanny Neumark. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/38384 (accessed on 05 July 2024).
HandWiki. Gertrude Fanny Neumark. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/38384. Accessed July 05, 2024.
HandWiki. "Gertrude Fanny Neumark" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/38384 (accessed July 05, 2024).
HandWiki. (2022, December 09). Gertrude Fanny Neumark. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/38384
HandWiki. "Gertrude Fanny Neumark." Encyclopedia. Web. 09 December, 2022.
Gertrude Fanny Neumark
Edit
material science electrical properties wide bandgap

1. Introduction

Gertrude Fanny Neumark, also known as Gertrude Neumark Rothschild, (April 29, 1927 – November 11, 2010[1]) was an American physicist, most noted for her work in material science and physics of semiconductors with emphasis on optical and electrical properties of wide bandgap semiconductors and their light emitting devices.[2]

2. Personal Life

She was born in Nuremberg, Germany in 1927. Her family, who were Jewish, left Germany in 1935.[1] Her father Sigmund’s naturalization papers indicate that she arrived with him and her mother Bertha in Miami from Cuba on SS Florida January 3, 1940. He lists Cuba as their last place of residence.

She died on November 11, 2010, at age 83, due to heart failure.[1]

3. Education

Neumark graduated B.A. summa cum laude (Chemistry) from Barnard College in 1948 and M.A. (Chemistry) at Radcliffe College in the following year.[2] She completed her Ph.D. in Chemistry at Columbia University in 1951; her thesis entitled "Free cloud approximation to molecular orbital calculations".[3]

4. Career

Following her PhD, she joined the Sylvania Research Laboratories in Bayside, NY as a Senior Physicist. In 1960, she moved to the Philips Laboratories, Briarcliff Manor, NY where she worked until 1985. She was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 1982. From 1982 to 1985, she was visiting-adjunct Professor of Materials Science at Columbia University, and became a full Professor of Materials Science there in 1985.[4]

In 1999, she became the Howe Professor Emerita of Materials Science and Engineering and Professor Emerita of Applied Physics and Mathematics at Columbia University.

5. Research and Patents

In the 1980s, Neumark began studying the optical properties of wide bandgap semiconductors and developed diodes capable of using the upper range of the spectrum and serving as a superior light source.[5] The new short-wavelength LEDs, emitting blue, green, violet and ultraviolet light, turned out to be much more energy efficient, reliable and long-lived while the short-wavelength-emitting laser diodes could store vastly more information more compactly. This new technology lent itself to a wide variety of applications, from billboards and traffic lights to hand-held mobile devices and high-definition DVD players.[5] Her research led to remarkable advances in the field of electronics, including establishing blue, green, and ultraviolet LEDs as common components in electronics.[6]

She holds a number of patents on wide-bandgap semiconductor technology, though faced challenges in having her work recognized.[7]

In relation with infringing on two of her semiconductor patents, she had to file lawsuits against several electronics companies, including the Philips Lumileds Lighting Company, Epistar, Toyoda Gosei and Osram in 2005, which were subsequently settled out of court.[8] In 2008, Neumark again had to file a complaint seeking to block imports into the United States of a range of products that she said were infringing her patents on wide-bandgap semiconductor technology,[9] resulting in a number of companies agreeing to license the patents.[10] According to family members, the suits were not about money but about fairness—especially for women scientists—she thought were being discriminated against.[7]

Further Reading
In this part, we encourage you to list the link of papers wrote by the character, or published reviews/articles about his/her academic contributions. Edit

References

  1. Grimes, William (17 November 2010). "Gertrude Rothschild, Dies at 83; Advanced LEDs". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/18/business/18rothschild.html. 
  2. "Gertrude F. Neumark (1927–2010)". http://apam.columbia.edu/gertrude-neumark. 
  3. CLIO Search Results. 1951. https://clio.columbia.edu/catalog?search_field=all_fields&q=ocn506474443. 
  4. "Philips Electronics Honors Professor Gertrude Neumark". Engineering News (Columbia University). Spring 2008. http://engineering.columbia.edu/web/newsletterarchive/spring08/feature3.php. 
  5. Grimes, William (17 November 2010). "Gertrude Rothschild, Dies at 83; Improved Diodes". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/18/business/18rothschild.html. 
  6. Brumfiel, Geoff (2008-04-09). "Gertrude versus Goliath" (in en). Nature News 452 (7188): 672. doi:10.1038/452672b. PMID 18401367. Bibcode: 2008Natur.452..672B.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F452672b
  7. "Gertrude Neumark Rothschild, Columbia Professor Who Won Patent Fights, Dies at 83". The Chronicle of Higher Education. 2011-01-09. http://chronicle.com/article/Gertrude-Neumark-Rothschild/125879/. Retrieved 2016-03-16. 
  8. "LED Maker Settles With Columbia Professor - Law360". http://www.law360.com/articles/8317/led-maker-settles-with-columbia-professor. 
  9. Takenaka, Kiyoshi (21 March 2008). "U.S. trade body to probe Sony". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/businessNews/idUST32692520080321. 
  10. Limited, Tom Illingworth - Multimedia Department - Angel Business Communications. "Compound Semiconductor - News". http://www.compoundsemiconductor.net/article/85323-panasonic-and-toshiba-take-on-rothschild.html. 
More
Name: Gertrude Fanny Neumark
Born: Apr 1927
Died: Nov 2010
Birth
Location:
Nuremberg, Germany
Title: Physicist
Affiliation: Unknown
Honor: Unknown
Information
Subjects: Others
Contributor MDPI registered users' name will be linked to their SciProfiles pages. To register with us, please refer to https://encyclopedia.pub/register :
View Times: 423
Entry Collection: HandWiki
Revisions: 2 times (View History)
Update Date: 13 Dec 2022
1000/1000
Video Production Service