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Topic Review
Quantum Computing Supremacy in the Internet of Things
The Internet of Things (IoT) strongly influences the world economy; this emphasizes the importance of securing all four aspects of the IoT model: sensors, networks, cloud, and applications. Considering the significant value of public-key cryptography threats on IoT system confidentiality, it is vital to secure it. One of the potential candidates to assist in securing public key cryptography in IoT is quantum computing. Although the notion of IoT and quantum computing convergence is not new, it has been referenced in various works of literature and covered by many scholars. Quantum computing eliminates most of the challenges in IoT.
  • 2.7K
  • 16 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Foursquare
Foursquare is a local search-and-discovery service mobile app which provides search results for its users. The app provides personalized recommendations of places to go to near a user's current location based on users' "previous browsing history, purchases, or check-in history". The service was created in late 2008 and launched in 2009 by Dennis Crowley and Naveen Selvadurai. Crowley had previously founded the similar project Dodgeball as his graduate thesis project in the Interactive Telecommunications Program (ITP) at New York University. Google bought Dodgeball in 2005 and shut it down in 2009, replacing it with Google Latitude. Dodgeball user interactions were based on SMS technology, rather than an application. Foursquare was the second iteration of that same idea, that people can use mobile devices to interact with their environment. Foursquare was Dodgeball reimagined to take advantage of the new smartphones, like the iPhone, which had built in GPS to better detect a user's location. Until late July 2014, Foursquare featured a social networking layer that enabled a user to share their location with friends, via the "check in" - a user would manually tell the application when they were at a particular location using a mobile website, text messaging, or a device-specific application by selecting from a list of venues the application locates nearby. In May 2014, the company launched Swarm, a companion app to Foursquare, that reimagined the social networking and location sharing aspects of the service as a separate application. On August 7, 2014 the company launched Foursquare 8.0, the completely new version of the service which finally removed the check in and location sharing entirely, to focus entirely on local search. As of December 2013, Foursquare reported 45 million registered users, though many of these will not be active users. Male and female users are equally represented and also 50 percent of users are outside the US. Support for French, Italian, German, Spanish, and Japanese was added in February 2011. Support for Indonesian, Korean, Portuguese, Russian, and Thai was added in September 2011. Support for Turkish was added in June 2012. On January 14, 2016, Co-founder Dennis Crowley stepped down from his position as CEO. He moved to an Executive Chairman position while Jeff Glueck, the company's COO, succeeded Crowley as the new CEO.
  • 2.7K
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Application of Maturity-Models in Universities
A maturity model is a widely used tool in software engineering and has mostly been extended to domains such as education, health, energy, finance, government, and general use. It is valuable for evaluations and continuous improvement of business processes or certain aspects of organizations, as it represents a more organized and systematic way of doing business.  We present a Systematic Literature Review study of the elements and purposes of the maturity models applied to universities. Obtaining results that show the intention to evaluating the maturity of only some areas of the universities and not the whole, creating some gaps that do not allow to measure the desired level. It also shows how information technologies help its implementation in the field. 
  • 2.7K
  • 04 Jun 2021
Topic Review
HADOPI Law
The French HADOPI law or Creation and Internet law (French: Haute Autorité pour la Diffusion des Œuvres et la Protection des droits d'auteur sur Internet, pronounced [ot‿ɔtɔʁite puʁ la difyzjɔ̃ dɛz‿œvʁ e la pʁɔtɛksjɔ̃ de dʁwa d‿otœʁ syʁ ɛ̃tɛʁnɛt]; or, loosely in English, "Supreme Authority for the Distribution of Works and Protection of Copyright on the Internet") was introduced during 2009, providing what is known as a graduated response as a means to encourage compliance with copyright laws. HADOPI is the acronym of the government agency created to administer it. The part of the HADOPI law that allowed for suspension of Internet access to a repeat infringer was revoked on 8 July 2013 by the French government because that penalty was considered to be disproportionate. The power to impose fines or other sanctions on repeat infringers remains in effect. In January 2022, the Hadopi agency merged with the High Audiovisual Council (CSA), to form the Regulatory Authority for Audiovisual and Digital Communication (Autorité de régulation de la communication audiovisuelle et numérique; ARCOM).
  • 2.7K
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
A Systematic Approach to Healthcare Knowledge Management Systems
Big data in healthcare contain a huge amount of tacit knowledge that brings great value to healthcare activities such as diagnosis, decision support, and treatment. However, effectively exploring and exploiting knowledge on such big data sources exposes many challenges for both managers and technologists. A healthcare knowledge management system that ensures the systematic knowledge development process on various data in hospitals was proposed. It leverages big data technologies to capture, organize, transfer, and manage large volumes of medical knowledge, which cannot be handled with traditional data-processing technologies. In addition, machine-learning algorithms are used to derive knowledge at a higher level in supporting diagnosis and treatment.
  • 2.7K
  • 13 May 2022
Topic Review
Seagate Barracuda
The Seagate Barracuda is a series of hard disk drives and later solid state drives produced by Seagate Technology that was first introduced in 1993. The line initially focused on high-capacity, high-performance SCSI hard drives until introducing ATA models in 1999 and SATA models in 2002. Since 2001, the Barracuda is Seagate's most popular product line as the hard disk drive industry started to move to a 7200 RPM spindle speed.
  • 2.7K
  • 30 Sep 2022
Topic Review
FLITs
FLITs is an acronym for FLow control unITs (or FLow control digITs). Large network packets are broken into small pieces called flits (flow control units). The first flit, called the header flit holds information about this packet's route (namely the destination address) and sets up the routing behavior for all subsequent flits associated with the packet. The head flit is followed by zero or more body flits, containing the actual payload of data. The final flit, called the tail flit, performs some book keeping to close the connection between the two nodes. A virtual connection holds the state needed to coordinate the handling of the flits of a packet. At a minimum, this state identifies the output port of the current node for the next hop of the route and the state of the virtual connection (idle, waiting for resources, or active). The virtual connection may also include pointers to the flits of the packet that are buffered on the current node and the number of flit buffers available on the next node.:237
  • 2.6K
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
IBM Basic Assembly Language and Successors
Basic Assembly Language (BAL) is the commonly used term for a low-level programming language used on IBM System/360 and successor mainframes. Originally "Basic Assembly Language" applied only to an extremely restricted dialect designed to run under control of IBM Basic Programming Support (BPS/360) on systems with only 8 KB of main memory, and only a card reader, a card punch, and a printer for input/output — thus the word "Basic". However, the full name and the initialism "BAL" almost immediately attached themselves in popular use to all assembly-language dialects on the System/360 and its descendants. BAL for BPS/360 was introduced with the System/360 in 1964. Assemblers on other System/360 operating systems through System/370, System/390, and System z, as well as the UNIVAC Series 90 mainframes made by Sperry Corporation, and the BS2000 Mainframes currently made by Fujitsu, inherited and extended its syntax. The latest derived language is known as the IBM High-Level Assembler (HLASM). Programmers utilizing this family of assemblers also refer to them as ALC, (for Assembly Language Coding), or simply "assembler". BAL is also the mnemonic of the "Branch And Link" instruction.
  • 2.6K
  • 19 Oct 2022
Topic Review
In-Vehicle Intrusion Detection Systems
Breaches in the cyberspace due to cyber-physical attacks can harm the physical space, and any type of vehicle is an alluring target for wrongdoers for an assortment of reasons. Especially, as the automobiles are becoming increasingly interconnected within the Cooperative Intelligent Transport System (C-ITS) realm and their level of automation elevates, the risk for cyberattacks augments along with the attack surface, thus inexorably rendering the risk of complacency and inaction sizable. Next to other defensive measures, intrusion detection systems (IDS) already comprise an inextricable component of modern automobiles in charge of detecting intrusions in the system while in operation.
  • 2.6K
  • 07 May 2022
Topic Review
Financial Technology
Financial Technology (Fintech) is a new financial industry that applies technology to improve financial activities. Moreover, according to Leong and Sung (2018), Fintech can also be considered as “any innovative ideas that improve financial service processes by proposing technology solutions according to different business situations" .
  • 2.5K
  • 05 Mar 2021
Topic Review
ZIP Code Differences Across the World Explained
Overall, postal codes are more than just a series of letters and numbers. They are a vital part of the global postal system. They make it possible for mail to travel across cities, countries, and continents. The differences in postal codes around the world reflect the unique geography, population density, and organizational needs of each country. By understanding these differences, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the complexity of the global postal system and the role postal codes play in keeping it running smoothly.
  • 2.5K
  • 31 Oct 2024
Topic Review
RGB-D Data-Based Action Recognition
Early research on Human Action Recognition was dominated by the analysis of still images or videos, localizing the actor in a video spatio-temporally using bounding boxes, temporal extent, and a spatio-temporal cuboid which contains a particular action. Human Action Recognition has many applications, including the automated annotation of user videos, indexing and retrieving user videos, automated surveillance, monitoring elderly patients using specially adapted cameras, robot operations, and live blogging of actions. In recent times, the availability of massive amounts of video data has provided significance to the understanding of video data (through a sequence of images) with the possibility of solving problems such as scene identification, searching through video content, and interaction recognition through video scenes. RGB-D generally refers to Red, Green, Blue plus Depth data captured by RGB-D sensors. An RGB-D image provides a per-pixel depth information aligned with corresponding image pixels. An image formed through depth information is an image channel in which each pixel relates to a distance between the image plane and the corresponding object in the RGB image. The addition of depth information to conventional RGB image helps improve the accuracy and the denseness of the data.
  • 2.5K
  • 14 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Statistical Analysis of Intensive Care Unit COVID-19 Data
COVID-19 caused a pandemic, due to its ease of transmission and high number of infections. The evolution of the pandemic and its consequences for the mortality and morbidity of populations, especially the elderly, generated several scientific studies and many research projects. Among them, researchers have the Predictive Models of COVID-19 Outcomes for Higher Risk Patients Towards a Precision Medicine (PREMO) research project. For such a project with many data records, it is necessary to provide a smooth graphical analysis to extract value from it.
  • 2.4K
  • 10 Apr 2024
Topic Review
Social Distancing
Social Distancing is a new terminology that became a popular term since mid-2020, after a global hit and pandemic by the new generation of the coronavirus (COVID-19). Social distancing is the act of maintaining a safe distance (equal to 6 feet or 2 meters) between individuals as a recommended solution by the World Health Organisation (WHO) to minimise the spread of COVID-19 in public places.  By the end of 2020, the majority of governments and national health authorities have set the 2-meter physical distancing as a mandatory measure in shopping centres, schools, pubs, restaurants, and public places.   
  • 2.4K
  • 06 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Data Link in IoT WSNs
The Internet of things (IoT) and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been rapidly and tremendously developing recently as computing technologies have brought about a significant revolution. Their applications and implementations can be found all around us, either individually or collaboratively. WSN plays a leading role in developing the general flexibility of industrial resources in terms of increasing productivity in the IoT. The critical principle of the IoT is to make existing businesses sufficiently intelligent to recognize the need for significant fault mitigation and short-cycle adaptation to improve effectiveness and financial profits. 
  • 2.4K
  • 07 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Network Function Virtualization and Service Function Chaining Frameworks
Network slicing has become a fundamental property for next-generation networks, especially because an inherent part of 5G standardisation is the ability for service providers to migrate some or all of their network services to a virtual network infrastructure, thereby reducing both capital and operational costs. With network function virtualisation (NFV), network functions (NFs) such as firewalls, traffic load balancers, content filters, and intrusion detection systems (IDS) are either instantiated on virtual machines (VMs) or lightweight containers, often chained together to create a service function chain (SFC). 
  • 2.3K
  • 01 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Data Quality Management in IoT
The concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) was first introduced by Ashton o describe the ability of sensors to connect to the Internet and provide new services. Ma also defined the IoT as a network that connects an ordinary physical object with an identifiable address to provide intelligent services. Nowadays, IoT is being used in more and more application areas and the importance of IoT data quality is widely recognized by practitioners and researchers. The requirements for data and its quality vary from application to application or organization in different contexts. Many methodologies and frameworks include techniques for defining, assessing, and improving data quality. However, due to the diversity of requirements, it can be a challenge to choose the appropriate technique for the IoT system. 
  • 2.3K
  • 08 Oct 2021
Topic Review
GQL Graph Query Language
In September 2019 a proposal for a project to create a new standard graph query language (ISO/IEC 39075 Information Technology — Database Languages — GQL). was approved by a vote of national standards bodies which are members of ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1(ISO/IEC JTC 1). JTC 1 is responsible for international Information Technology standards. GQL is intended to be a declarative database query language, like SQL.
  • 2.3K
  • 09 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Technology Solutions for Circular Economy
The concept of circular economy (CE) is becoming progressively popular with academia, industry, and policymakers, as a potential path towards a more sustainable economic system. CE comes as an alternative to the linear economy model, embracing and incorporating a series of ideas in various so-called “R” frameworks (e.g. “reduce”, “reuse”, and “recycle”). Information and communication technology (ICT) systems have influenced every aspect of modern life and the CE is no exception. Cutting-edge technologies, such as big data, cloud computing, cyber-physical systems, internet of things, virtual and augmented reality, and blockchain, can play an integral role in the embracing of CE concepts and the rollout of CE programs by governments, organizations, and society as a whole. There are many ICT solutions found in the literature, which can pave the way towards a CE. The categorization of these solutions can be done either from a technological perspective (e.g., communications, computing, data analysis, etc.), or from the viewpoint of the main CE concept(s) (i.e., reduce, reuse, recycle and restore) that each solution is most relevant to. ICT solutions related to data collection and data analysis, and in particular to the Internet of Things, blockchain, digital platforms, artificial intelligence algorithms, and software tools, are amongst the most popular solutions proposed by academic researchers. Also, greater emphasis is placed on the “reduce” component of the CE, although ICT solutions for the other “R” components, as well as holistic ICT-based solutions, do exist as well. Specific important challenges impeding the adoption of ICT solutions for the CE also exist, especially related to consumer and business attitude, economic costs, possible environmental impacts, lack of education around the CE, and lack of familiarization with modern technologies being found among the most prominent ones.
  • 2.3K
  • 20 Nov 2020
Topic Review
5G Technology
In wireless communication, Fifth Generation (5G) Technology is a recent generation of mobile networks. Among all the previously existing mobile networks, 5G provides a high-speed internet facility, anytime, anywhere, for everyone. 5G is slightly different due to its novel features such as interconnecting people, controlling devices, objects, and machines. 5G mobile system will bring diverse levels of performance and capability, which will serve as new user experiences and connect new enterprises.
  • 2.3K
  • 16 Feb 2022
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