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Topic Review
Sustainable Valorization of Bioplastic Waste
Plastics-based materials have a high carbon footprint, and their disposal is a considerable problem for the environment. Biodegradable bioplastics represent an alternative on which most countries have focused their attention to replace of conventional plastics in various sectors, among which food packaging is the most significant one. The evaluation of the optimal end-of-life process for bioplastic waste is of great importance for their sustainable use.
  • 378
  • 29 May 2023
Topic Review
Computational Materials Design for Ceramic Nuclear Waste Forms
Ceramic waste forms are designed to immobilize radionuclides for permanent disposal in geological repositories. One of the principal criteria for the effective incorporation of waste elements is their compatibility with the host material. In terms of performance under environmental conditions, the resistance of the waste forms to degradation over long periods of time is a critical concern when they are exposed to natural environments.
  • 377
  • 18 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Soil Component Affect Antibiotic Resistance Genes
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in soil have become research hotspots in the fields of public health and environmental ecosystem. The soil environment is an important acceptor of many pollutants, including antibiotics. The external pressure of antibiotics and other pollutants can promote the proliferation and occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) in soil. Soil ARGs can spread in various ways, such as horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between soil microorganisms and vertical gene transfer (VGT) between parent and offspring, while soil components have important influence on the occurance and spread of ARGs.
  • 376
  • 05 May 2023
Topic Review
Biosynthesis of Extracellular Polysaccharides in Pseudomonas
Pseudomonas biofilms have been studied intensively for several decades and research outcomes have been successfully implemented in various medical and agricultural applications. Research on biofilm synthesis and composition has also overlapped with the objectives of environmental sciences, since biofilm components show exceptional physicochemical properties applicable to remediation techniques. Especially, exopolysaccharides (ExPs) have been at the center of scientific interest, indicating their potential in solving the environmental issues of heavy metal land and water contamination via sorptive interactions and flocculation.
  • 375
  • 21 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Climate-Alliance Germany
Climate-Alliance Germany (German: Klima-Allianz Deutschland) is a network of more than 120 civil society organizations, including environment groups, development groups, churches, organisations from the fields of youth, education, culture and health, as well as trade unions, and consumer associations. Founded in 2007, the aim of the Alliance is to provide a common front to apply pressure to German decision-makers to adopt climate protection measures. Prominent members include WWF, BUND (or Friends of the Earth Germany), and the trade union ver.di. A key issue for the Alliance is the prevention of new coal-fired power plants (the Anti-Coal Campaign). The Alliance wants the German government to phase-out coal (Kohleausstieg) and promote renewable energy.
  • 371
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Biocontrol Agents of Stink Bugs in Soybean Production
Soybean production is usually performed on large scales, requiring efficient pest management to be successful. Soybean fields are inhabited by several species of arthropods, demanding constant development of management practices to prevent pest outbreaks.
  • 369
  • 10 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Carfree City
A car-free city or carfree city is a population center that relies primarily on public transport, walking, or cycling for transport within the urban area. Carfree cities greatly reduce petroleum dependency, air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, automobile crashes, noise pollution, urban heat island effect and traffic congestion. Some cities have one or more districts where motorized vehicles are prohibited, referred to as car-free zones.
  • 368
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Development and Effects of Organic Farms in Poland
Organic farms should, by definition, place particular emphasis on the protection of agricultural soils, landscape care and activities aimed at producing high-quality agricultural products. In Poland, its development strength largely depends on the presence of areas facing natural or other specific constraints (ANCs). Nearly ¾ of organic utilized agriculture area (UAA) is located in communes with a large share of them. Organic farms achieve lower production effects in comparison to conventional farms, and their disproportions also depend on the quality of natural farming conditions. In Poland, the personal competences of farmers are also an important determinant in joining organic farming.
  • 368
  • 26 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Omics in the Persistent Organic Pollutants Assessment
Human beings and wild organisms are exposed daily to a broad range of environmental stressors. Among them are the persistent organic pollutants that can trigger adverse effects on these organisms due to their toxicity properties. There is evidence that metabolomics can be used to identify biomarkers of effect by altering the profiles of endogenous metabolites in biological fluids or tissues. This approach is relatively new and has been used in vitro studies mainly. 
  • 367
  • 04 Aug 2022
Topic Review
The Physical Setting of Amazonian Floodplains
Amazonian floodplain forests along large rivers consist of two distinct floras that are traced to their differentiated sediment- and nutrient-rich (várzea) or sediment- and nutrient-poor (igapó) environments.
  • 367
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Renewable Energy and Human Capital in Environmental Sustainability
Environmental sustainability concerns are growing worldwide. Reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is crucial to combating global warming and reaching sustainable global economic development.
  • 367
  • 28 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Biodiversity during Pre and Post Hula Valley Drainage
Ecosystem fertility is dependent on nutrient and water availability which are the drivers of the system of production. The anthropogenic and natural maintenance of ecosystem products such as biodiversity, species richness, agriculture, recreation or eco-tourism is significantly affected by management. The appropriate management might be natural, without human intervention, or anthropogenic, or a combination of both. The management of the Hula Valley, a part of the Lake Kinneret drainage basin, represents an integration of human and natural dependence.
  • 365
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Genes-Encoding Transporters for Cadmium Uptake, Translocation, and Accumulation
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that is highly toxic for plants, animals, and human beings. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in Cd accumulation in plants is beneficial for developing strategies for either the remediation of Cd-polluted soils using hyperaccumulator plants or preventing excess Cd accumulation in the edible parts of crops and vegetables. As a ubiquitous heavy metal, the transport of Cd in plant cells is suggested to be mediated by transporters for essential elements such as Ca, Zn, K, and Mn. Identification of the genes encoding Cd transporters is important for understanding the mechanisms underlying Cd uptake, translocation, and accumulation in either crop or hyperaccumulator plants.
  • 364
  • 05 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Biomedical and Environmental Applications of Nonthermal Plasma
Atmospheric plasmas have led to the formation of nonthermal plasma (NTP). A number of novel plasma diagnostic approaches have been implemented and reported in order to better understand the physics of NTP. The use of NTP is a novel approach to producing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Plasma technology has many applications, including electrical device microfabrication, biomedicine, dentistry, agriculture, ozone generation, chemical synthesis, surface treatment, coating, and disease therapy.
  • 364
  • 04 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Mechanisms behind the Guar Drought Tolerance
Guar is an unpretentious plant and grows on both sandy and well-drained clay soils. Guar is self-pollinating with a negligible level of cross-pollination. The plants considerably vary in height (from 50 cm to 1.5 m). The stem is sturdy, becoming woody by the plant maturation. The main root is thick and tapering in its distal parts, deeply penetrating into the soil. Due to this, guar can perfectly sustain short-term drought. 
  • 364
  • 15 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Alternative Sources of Energy in Transport
The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has shown a significant increase as compared to the preindustrial era. The CO2 concentration level stood at 402.31 ppm, approximately 42% higher than the mid-1800 levels (around 280 ppm). Additionally, there have been notable increases in CH4 and N2O levels. The transport sector is considered one of the most polluting sectors, which is why alternative technologies to traditional combustion engines and fuels are being explored, such as battery electric (BEV), hybrid electric (HEV), plug-in hybrid (PHEV), compressed natural gas (CNG), biogas (BG), and more.
  • 357
  • 21 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Analysis of Microplastics in Agricultural Matrices
Microplastics (MPs) are small plastic particles that are less than 5 mm in size, and they have become a significant environmental concern due to their ubiquitous presence in the environment.
  • 356
  • 28 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Insecure Land Tenure on Housing Development in Africa
Legal access to land, the protection of the population from anarchic eviction, and informal community-based rights may positively influence the development of sustainable urban housing.
  • 354
  • 16 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Livestock Management in Fire-Prone Shrublands of Atlantic Iberia
In the humid northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, large rural areas are being abandoned, mostly in less-favoured areas dominated by shrublands of low nutritive quality for livestock production. The high wildfire incidence has very negative environmental and economic effects. Aspects on wildfire occurrence and the potential of grazing livestock to reduce woody mass and fire risk whilst maintaining quality production and preserving biodiversity are summarized. Sustainable grazing systems are affordable in shrubland–grassland mosaics by selecting appropriate livestock species and breeds for quality production, thus favouring rural economies and lowering fire risk.
  • 353
  • 01 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Eggshells as Natural Heterogeneous Catalysts
CaO is a key component of eggshells. Biodiesel is usually produced in a homogeneous manner using chemical catalysts.
  • 351
  • 07 Mar 2022
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