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Topic Review
Atmospheric Influence on Grapevine Development
In many European regions, viticulture and winemaking play a major socioeconomic role in local economies, with climate being a central component of the terroirs, governing vineyard microclimate, vine development and growth, phenology, yield, and grape berry composition, which ultimately control attributes and typicity of the produced wines. Nonetheless, climate change is already affecting the viticultural suitability of many wine regions throughout the continent and is expected to continue along this same path in the upcoming decades. These climate-driven shifts may lead to a redesign of the geographical distribution of wine regions, while wine typicity may also be threatened in most cases. Climate change does require the implementation of well-timed, appropriate, and economically efficient adaptation strategies, while respecting local specificities for an effective reduction of the risks to which this vulnerable sector is exposed. However, knowledge on the adaptation potential of a range of measures is still incipient and will need more research in the near future.
  • 2.4K
  • 28 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Pyrolysis Technology
Pyrolysis technology is a thermo-chemical route for converting biomass to many useful products (biochar, bio-oil, and combustible pyrolysis gases). The composition and relative product yield depend on the pyrolysis technology adopted. 
  • 2.4K
  • 24 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Overview of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) α, β, and γ are nuclear receptors that orchestrate the transcriptional regulation of genes involved in a variety of biological responses, such as energy metabolism and homeostasis, regulation of inflammation, cellular development, and differentiation. The many roles played by the PPAR signaling pathways indicate that PPARs may be useful targets for various human diseases.
  • 2.4K
  • 16 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Techniques of Image Encryption For Medical Applications
In medical information systems, image data can be considered crucial information. As imaging technology and methods for analyzing medical images advance, there will be a greater wealth of data available for study. Hence, protecting those images is essential. Image encryption methods are crucial in multimedia applications for ensuring the security and authenticity of digital images. 
  • 2.4K
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Metal Organic Frameworks Supported on Graphene Oxide
Nanotechnology is one of the most active research fields in materials science. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have the benefits of having a sizable specific surface area, extremely high porosity, changeable pore size, post-synthesis modification, and extreme thermal stability. Graphene oxide (GO) has attracted significant research interest due to its similar surface area to MOFs. Furthermore, oxygen-containing groups presented in graphene oxide offer the unique processing and handling advantages of amphiphilicity and dispersion in water. MOF-based GO has attracted attention due to its resemblance to metal ions and organic binding linkers. It has sparked great interest in the past few years due to its distinct characteristics and higher performance compared to MOFs or GO alone. 
  • 2.4K
  • 20 Oct 2023
Topic Review
β-glucan in Dairy and Milk-Based Products
β-glucan is a polysaccharide found naturally in the cell walls of cereals, yeasts, seaweeds, bacteria, and fungi. The physicochemical, functional, and technological properties of β-glucan are extremely different, depending on the source of origin. This polysaccharide is used in the therapeutic, cosmetic, fitness, and professional sports fields. Interest in β-glucan has arisen because it is a powerful immunostimulant, prebiotic, and dietary fiber. Interest in the use of β-glucan in the food industry is associated not only with its positive impact on the health of consumers but also with its functional and technological properties, which significantly improve the consumer characteristics of food products. The use of oat β-glucan in the food industry became possible when the EFSA confirmed in 2010 that the daily consumption of oat β-glucan in the amount of 3 g can reduce the risk of coronary disease and have a positive effect on the cardiovascular system, provided that a diet with low saturated fat content is followed. β-glucan made from yeast has been recognized as a novel ingredient and authorized for release since 2011.
  • 2.4K
  • 30 Sep 2022
Biography
Stephen Emmott
Stephen Emmott (born 3 June 1960) is a British scientist, entrepreneur and chief scientist of Scientific.[1][2] Emmott was named one of London's most influential scientists, and one of the most influential people in London by the Evening Standard in 2012.[3] Emmott studied at the University of York, where he completed a B.Sc. in Biological Sciences (experimental psychology), graduating in 198
  • 2.4K
  • 30 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Aspergillus oryzae
Aspergillus oryzae is a powerful heterologous expression host for the production of polyketides and terpenoids.
  • 2.4K
  • 25 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Atopic Dermatitis (AD)
The skin harbors a huge number of different microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and viruses, and it acts as a protective shield to prevent the invasion of pathogens and to maintain the health of the commensal microbiota. Several studies, in fact, have shown the importance of the skin microbiota for healthy skin. This balance can be altered by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, leading to the development of skin disease, such as acne vulgaris (AV), atopic dermatitis (AD) and rosacea (RS).
  • 2.4K
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Radar-based Rainfall Information
Radar-based rainfall information has been widely used in hydrological and meteorological applications, as it provides data with a high spatial and temporal resolution that improve rainfall representation. However, the broad diversity of studies makes it difficult to gather a condensed overview of the usefulness and limitations of radar technology and its application in particular situations. 
  • 2.4K
  • 22 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Public Policy Implementation for Rural Development
Rural development is a problem of social and economic nature, which is required to be addressed in a manner taking into account its complexity. This development is related to planning and policy actions which central problem is (Ackoff 1977) how to make the proposed planning solutions accepted and implemented effectively. In rural context, this means to deal with a set of stakeholders with different education levels, purposes and influences, and with a set of standards which is lower than that of urban or national development.
  • 2.4K
  • 24 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Fabrication Techniques of Perovskite Solar Cells
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are gaining popularity due to their high efficiency and low-cost fabrication. Researchers are exploring new materials and fabrication techniques to enhance the performance of PSCs under various environmental conditions. The mechanical stability of flexible PSCs is another area of research that has gained significant attention. 
  • 2.4K
  • 22 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Bacterial Biopolymer
Biopolymers are polymers being synthesized by living organisms with the help of enzymes that connects the building blocks like sugars, hydroxyl fatty acids, and amino acids to produce molecules with high molecular weight.
  • 2.4K
  • 30 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Guided Biofilm Therapy
Guided biofilm therapy (GBT) is a new regimen where there is a sequential removal of plaque and calculus by initially detecting it with a disclosing agent followed by the usage of air abrasive powder for the removal of plaque and stains. Finally, the subgingival plaque and calculus are removed with a specialized nozzle and (if required) eventually scaling with a specialized tip is performed.
  • 2.4K
  • 05 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Developing a Finite Element Model through LS-DYNA
Robust finite element models are utilised for their ability to predict simple to complex mechanical behaviour under certain conditions at a very low cost compared to experimental studies, as this reduces the need for physical prototypes while allowing for the optimisation of components. 
  • 2.4K
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Mesenchymal Cells in the Lung
Mesenchymal cells are an essential cell type because of their role in tissue support, their multilineage differentiation capacities and their potential clinical applications. They play a crucial role during lung development by interacting with airway epithelium, and also during lung regeneration and remodeling after injury. However, much less is known about their function in lung disease.
  • 2.4K
  • 01 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Risk Communication
Risk communication is critical to emergency management. Following the message-centered approach or risk communication, the whole communication process for public health emergency is suggested to integrate the accessibility and openness of risk information, the timing and frequency of communication, and the strategies dealing with uncertainties. Based on these principles a simplified Government–Expert–Public risk communication model can illustrate a collaborative network for effective risk communication.
  • 2.4K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
15 Minute City
The 15-minute city is a residential urban concept in which all city residents are able to meet most of their needs within a short walk or bicycle ride from their homes. The concept was popularized by Mayor Anne Hidalgo of Paris, who was in turn inspired by French-Colombian scientist Carlos Moreno. It has been described as a "return to a local way of life. 15-minute cities are built from a series of 15-minute neighborhoods, also known as complete communities or walkable neighborhoods.
  • 2.4K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Vermicomposting on Greenhouse Gas Emission
The implementation of cutting-edge agricultural practices provides tools and techniques to drive climate-smart agriculture, reduce carbon emissions, and lower the carbon footprint. The alteration of climate conditions due to human activities poses a serious threat to the global agricultural systems. Greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from organic waste management need urgent attention to optimize conventional composting strategies for organic wastes.
  • 2.4K
  • 21 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Touch Sensors for Flexible Wearable Devices
The traditional touch sensors are bulky, complicated, inflexible, and difficult-to-wear devices made of stiff materials. The touch screen is gaining further importance with the trend of current IoT technology flexibly and comfortably used on the skin or clothing to affect different aspects of human life. Flexible sensors have advantages over conventional rigid devices. These sensors are nontoxic and lightweight and can be worn comfortably on the body.
  • 2.4K
  • 21 Jul 2022
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