You're using an outdated browser. Please upgrade to a modern browser for the best experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Carbon Nanotube Films as Sensor Material
The photo-thermoelectric (PTE) effect in electronic materials effectively combines photo-absorption-induced local heating and associated thermoelectric conversion for uncooled and broadband photo-detection. Formation of heterogeneous material junctions across the carbon nanotube (CNT)-film-based PTE sensors, namely photo-detection interfaces, triggers the Seebeck effect with photo-absorption-induced local heating. Typical photo-detection interfaces include a channel–electrode boundary and a junction between P-type CNTs and N-type CNTs (PN junctions). While the original CNT film channel exhibits positive Seebeck coefficient values, the material selections of the counterpart freely govern the intensity and polarity of the PTE response signals. Based on these operating mechanisms, CNT film PTE sensors demonstrate a variety of physical and chemical non-destructive inspections. 
  • 838
  • 17 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Halide Perovskite Materials for Solar Cells
The nomenclature “perovskite” was assigned to this structure in honor of Lev Perovski, the Russian mineralogist who initially unveiled it; since then, the name “perovskites” has been used to describe all materials that share calcium titanate’s crystal structure. The general formula for the perovskite light absorption layer is ABX3, where A is an organic cation (CH3NH3+), B is a metal cation (Pb2+), and X is a halide anion (I−).
  • 834
  • 03 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Parity–Time-Symmetric Inductor–Capacitor Sensing Systems
Inductor–capacitor (LC) passive wireless sensors is usually composed of an inductor and a sensitive capacitor, whose resonant frequency is modulated by parameters of interest. An external impedance analyzer interrogates the sensors via near-field coupling to realize the purpose of passive wireless detection. Parity–time (PT) symmetry challenges the long-held theoretical basis that only Hermitian operators correspond to observable phenomena in quantum mechanics. Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians satisfying PT symmetry also have a real-valued energy spectrum. In the field of inductor–capacitor (LC) passive wireless sensors, PT symmetry is mainly used for improving performance in terms of multi-parameter sensing, ultrahigh sensitivity, and longer interrogation distance. 
  • 832
  • 15 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Deep Neural Network Implementations
Deep neural networks have recently become increasingly used for a wide range of applications, (e.g., image and video processing). The demand for edge inference is growing, especially in the areas of relevance to the Internet-of-Things. Low-cost microcontrollers as edge devices are a promising solution for optimal application systems from several points of view such as: cost, power consumption, latency, or real-time execution. The implementation of these systems has become feasible due to the advanced development of hardware architectures and DSP capabilities, while the cost and power consumption have been maintained at a low level.
  • 830
  • 14 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Problem Domains in Energy-Efficient and Load Balanced WSNs
Researchers are facing significant challenges to develop robust energy-efficient clustering and routing protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in different areas such as military, agriculture, education, industry, environmental monitoring, etc. WSNs have made an everlasting imprint on everyone’s lives. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) can detect, store, and transmit data in real-time. These tasks must be completed efficiently to avoid wasting the limited sensor battery life. 
  • 828
  • 24 May 2022
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
A Review of SATis5: Perspectives on Commercial and Defense 5G SATCOM Integration
This review provides a comprehensive review of past and existing works on 5G systems with a laser focus on 5G Satellite Integration (SATis5) for commercial and defense applications. The holistic survey approach is used to gain an in-depth understanding of 5G-Terrestrial Network (5G-TN), 5G-Non-Terrestrial Network (5G-NTN), SATis5 testbeds, and projects along with related SATis5 architectures. Based on the survey results, the review provides (i) outlook perspectives on potential SATis5 architectures for current and future integrated defense and commercial satellite communication (SATCOM) with 5G systems, and (ii) a thorough understanding of problems associated with anticipated outlooks and corresponding studies addressing these problems. The commercial SATis5 architectures discussed here can be extended to civilian SATCOM applications.
  • 826
  • 26 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Model-Free Approach
Predictive control is a type of optimal control, which has been extensively used in the process industry. In the presence of the constraints on the input and output, predictive control is the most feasible option because of its ability to handle constraints in a systematic way. A model-based predictive controller is known as model predictive control (MPC), and predictive control with a model-free approach is known as model-free predictive control (MFPC).
  • 825
  • 28 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Networked Microgrids
The increasing impact of climate change and rising occurrences of natural disasters pose substantial threats to power systems. Strengthening resilience against these low-probability, high-impact events is crucial. The proposition of reconfiguring traditional power systems into advanced networked microgrids (NMGs) emerges as a promising solution.
  • 825
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Primer of Plasma Agriculture
Nonthermal plasma (NTP) is a tunable source of reactive species and other physical factors. It exerts luxuriant biological effects on plant seeds. To date, NTP has shown promising application in modern agriculture.
  • 824
  • 24 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Mud Channel Characteristics
The mud channel is an essential component of mud pulse telemetry (MPT) communication systems. During the transmission process, the mud pulse signal will be distorted by various factors, which increases the difficulty of signal recognition and processing at the surface. However, there are still some ambiguous and even contradictory conclusions regarding the signal transmission mechanism such as the mud channel model.
  • 822
  • 08 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Textile-Based Perovskite Optoelectronic Applications
Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are thought to be among the most promising materials for smart electronic textiles because of their unique optical and electrical characteristics. Wearable perovskite devices have been developed that combine the excellent properties of perovskite with those of textiles, such as flexibility, light weight, and facile processability. 
  • 819
  • 05 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Ethernet Frame Format
Ethernet is a widely used networking technology that finds its application in local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), wide area networks (WANs), and other fields, such as industry, avionics, telecommunication, and multimedia. The Ethernet technology was introduced in 1980, and the first standardization was conducted in 1983 by IEEE 802.3.
  • 811
  • 09 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Single-Stage Converter Grid Stability Improvement Techniques
Many researchers have focused on two-stage converter control (TSCC) and single-stage converter (SSC) control for FCS stability enhancement, and suggested that SSC architectures are superior in performance, unlike the TSCC methods. SSC control techniques provide more accuracy in grid stability improvement via the provision of inertial support through virtual synchronous machine (VSM) control of the rectifier converter. 
  • 807
  • 18 May 2023
Topic Review
Graphene Flexible Photodetectors
In recent years, optoelectronics and related industries have developed rapidly. As typical optoelectronics devices, photodetectors (PDs) are widely applied in various fields. The functional materials in traditional PDs exhibit high hardness, and the performance of these rigid detectors is thus greatly reduced upon their stretching or bending.
  • 805
  • 29 Jul 2022
Topic Review
AI and Neural Network Algorithms
Al increases the potential of Micro-Electro-Mechanical System biosensors and opens up new opportunities for automation, consumer electronics, industrial manufacturing, defense, medical equipment, etc. Micro-Electro-Mechanical System microcantilever biosensors are currently making their way into the daily lives and playing a significant role in the advancement of social technology. Micro-Electro-Mechanical System biosensors with microcantilever structures have a num- ber of benefits over conventional biosensors, including small size, high sensitivity, mass production, simple arraying, integration, etc. These advantages have made them one of the development avenues for high-sensitivity sensors. The next generation of sensors will exhibit an intelligent development trajectory and aid people in interacting with other objects in a variety of scenario applications as a result of the active development of artificial intelligence (AI) and neural networks. A neural algorithm application in Micro-Electro-Mechanical System microcantilever biosensors is anticipated through the associated application of the principal com-ponent analysis approach. Researchers investigation has more scientific study value, because there are currently no favorable reports on the market regarding the use of AI with Micro-Electro-Mechanical System microcantilever sensors.
  • 805
  • 13 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Multiple Object Tracking and High-Speed Vision
Multiple object tracking detects and tracks multiple targets in videos, such as pedestrians, vehicles, and animals. It is an important research direction in the field of computer vision, and has been widely applied in intelligent surveillance and behavior recognition. High-speed vision is a computer vision technology that aims to realize real-time image recognition and analysis through the use of fast and efficient image processing algorithms at high frame rates of 1000 fps or more. It is an important direction in the field of computer vision and is used in a variety of applications, such as intelligent transportation, security monitoring, and industrial automation.
  • 803
  • 16 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Domain Adaptation in Computer and Robotic Vision
Domain adaptation methods play a pivotal role in facilitating seamless knowledge transfer and enhancing the generalization capabilities of computer and robotic vision systems. Domain adaptation techniques play a pivotal role in addressing the domain shift problem encountered in computer and robotic vision. These methods are designed to improve the generalization skills of vision models, enabling them to function well in situations outside the scope of their training data. 
  • 802
  • 25 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Thin Film Lithium-Ion Battery
The thin film lithium-ion battery is a form of solid-state battery. Its development is motivated by the prospect of combining the advantages of solid-state batteries with the advantages of thin-film manufacturing processes. Thin-film construction could lead to improvements in specific energy, energy density, and power density on top of the gains from using a solid electrolyte. It allows for flexible cells only a few microns thick. It may also reduce manufacturing costs from scalable roll-to-roll processing and even allow for the use of cheap materials. thumb|right|Lithium Ion Battery
  • 798
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Smart Machine Health Prediction Based on Machine Learning
In an industrial setting, consistent production and machine maintenance might help any company become successful. Machine health checking is a method of observing the status of a machine to predict mechanical mileage and predict the machine’s disappointment. The most often utilized traditional approaches are reactive and preventive maintenance. These approaches are unreliable and wasteful in terms of time and resource utilization. The use of system health management in conjunction with a predictive maintenance strategy allows for the scheduling of maintenance times in such a way that device malfunction is avoided, and thus the repercussions are avoided. IoT can help monitor equipment health and provide the best outcomes, especially in an industrial setting.
  • 798
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Towards the Cognitive Factory in Industry 5.0
Industry 5.0 (I5.0) represents a shift towards a human-centered industry and emphasizes the integration of human and machine capabilities. A highly compatible concept for enabling the I5.0 implementation is intelligent spaces (ISs), i.e., physical spaces equipped with a network of sensors, which obtains information about the place it observes, and a network of actuators, which enables changes in the environment through computing services. These spaces can sense, interpret, recognize user behavior, adapt to preferences, and provide natural interactions between humans and intelligent systems, using the IoT, AI, computer vision, data analytics, etc., to create dynamic and adaptive environments in real time.
  • 795
  • 02 Nov 2023
  • Page
  • of
  • 50
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Academic Video Service
Feedback