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Topic Review
Salicylic Acid-Dependent Signaling for Growth–Defense Trade-Off
One grand challenge for studying plant biotic and abiotic stress responses is to optimize plant growth and plasticity under variable environmental constraints, which in the long run benefits agricultural production. However, efforts in promoting plant immunity are often accompanied by compromised morphological “syndromes” such as growth retardation, sterility, and reduced yield. Such a trade-off is dictated by complex signaling driven by secondary messengers and phytohormones. Salicylic acid (SA) is a well-known phytohormone essential for basal immunity and systemic acquired resistance. Interestingly, updates suggest that external environmental cues, nutrient status, developmental stages, primary metabolism, and breeding strategies attribute an additional layer of control over SA-dependent signaling, and, hence, plant performance against pathogens. 
  • 970
  • 29 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Seedborne Viral Pathogens of Principal Leguminous Crops
Viruses are obligate, acellular agents that reproduce inside living cells, spread between tissues, and frequently cause diseases in plants. Among all plant viruses, about one-quarter are transmitted through seeds. Pulses have gained popularity due to their use as a source of protein in food and their favorable impact on soil fertility. Plant species belonging to Leguminosae are vulnerable to a range of seedborne disease, and since they are planted by direct sowing, they are among the plants in which the occurrence of these diseases is a real risk.
  • 969
  • 07 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Plant Cell Wall Proteomes
Cell wall proteins (CWPs) play critical roles in the biogenesis of plant cell walls and in their rearrangement during plant growth and development as well as in response to environmental constraints. Many cell wall proteomes have now been described, thus allowing drawing a general picture. 
  • 968
  • 21 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Genetic Mapping of ms1s, Wheat
The utilization of heterosis is an important way to improve wheat yield, and the production of wheat hybrid seeds mainly relies on male-sterile lines. Male sterility in line 15 Fan 03 derived from a cross of 72,180 and Xiaoyan 6 is controlled by a single recessive gene. The gene was mapped to the distal region of chromosome 4BS in a genetic interval of 1.4 cM and physical distance of 6.57 Mb between SSR markers Ms4BS42 and Ms4BS199 using an F2 population with 1205 individuals. Sterile individuals had a deletion of 4.57 Mb in the region presumed to carry the Ms1 locus. The allele for sterility was therefore named ms1s. Three CAPS markers were developed and verified from the region upstream of the deleted fragment and can be used for ms1s marker-assisted selection in wheat hybrid breeding. This work will enrich the utilization of male sterility genetic resources. 
  • 967
  • 27 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Heterotrimeric G Protein Signaling in Abiotic Stress
Environmental cues have a critical impact on plant growth and development. As sessile organisms, plants exhibit extraordinary plasticity and have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to adapt and mitigate the adverse effects of environmental fluctuations. Heterotrimeric G proteins (G proteins), composed of α, β, and γ subunits, are universal signaling molecules mediating the response to a myriad of internal and external signals.
  • 965
  • 07 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Endomembrane System and Abiotic Stress in Plants
The sustainable exploitation of agri-environmental systems focuses more and more on practices where crops and plant species are adapted to edaphoclimatic conditions. Recent studies have shown that increased stress tolerance is related to the reorganization of cell membranes that sometimes lead to major changes in the solutes’ homeostasis and water transfer. When under stress, protein trafficking in plants is compromised, usually leading to changes in the endomembrane system that may include protein transport through unconventional routes and alteration of morphology, activity and content of key organelles, as the ER and the vacuole. Such events provide the tools for cells to adapt and overcome the challenges brought on by stress.
  • 964
  • 18 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Antiviral Plants in Marajó Island
Viruses are a global threat and, in addition to health problems, cause serious social problems to humanity. Medicinal plants have been documented as a means of complementary treatments that are useful for a range of diseases. Among many islands around the world, the island of Marajó which is part of the Brazilian Amazon, is known to have several cultures formed by indigenous, quilombolas, and mestizo populations that make use of traditional knowledge of plants. The Amazon region also has a very wide plant diversity, being estimated to have from 25 to 30 thousand species of endemic plants, and some species are also associated with the treatment of diseases. In this sense, many plants from Marajó island are frequently used for the treatment of diseases, and could be a source of new specific bioactive compounds. 
  • 964
  • 09 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Ubiquitination in ABA Signaling
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) rapidly accumulates in plants in response to environmental stress and plays a pivotal role in the reaction to various stimuli. Increasing evidence demonstrates a significant role of ubiquitination and subsequent selective degradation in controlling ABA signaling. We present updated information on the components of the ABA signaling pathway modified by different E3 ligases.
  • 963
  • 11 May 2021
Topic Review
Breeding Wheat with Low Free Asparagine
Asparagine is an important plant metabolite, and since the discovery that it can be converted to acrylamide during the cooking and processing of food, there has been debate over how much its concentration could be reduced before effects were seen on other important traits. Breeding low-asparagine wheat could potentially be achieved in three main ways: directly, by using either existing or induced variation, or indirectly, through selection for related traits.
  • 963
  • 08 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Phytotoxic Metabolites from Necrotrophic Pathogenic Fungi
Fungal phytotoxins can be defined as secondary metabolites toxic to host plants and are believed to be involved in the symptoms developed of a number of plant diseases by targeting host cellular machineries or interfering with host immune responses. As any crop, legumes can be affected by a number of fungal diseases, causing severe yield losses worldwide. 
  • 961
  • 24 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Phytochrome-Interacting Proteins
Phytochromes are photoreceptors of plants, fungi, slime molds bacteria and heterokonts. These biliproteins sense red and far-red light and undergo light-induced changes between the two spectral forms, Pr and Pfr. Photoconversion triggered by light induces conformational changes in the bilin chromophore around the ring C-D-connecting methine bridge and is followed by conformational changes in the protein. For plant phytochromes, multiple phytochrome interacting proteins that mediate signal transduction, nuclear translocation or protein degradation have been identified. Few interacting proteins are known as bacterial or fungal phytochromes.
  • 961
  • 10 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Magic Blue Light
The elongation of plant stems represents a crucial growth trait in horticultural plant production, owing to its potential impact on plant development and yield. It is a prevailing scientific belief that blue light (BL; 400–500 nm) generally causes plant compactness. However, increasing studies on LED lighting has indicated that  BL does not necessarily cause compact plants and can even result in stretching of plants. After discovery of this phenomenon, the researchers from University of Guelph have carried out a series of studies to explore the relevant mechanisms and applications. By synthesizing the findings from their lab and other groups, the researchers proposed a simple model to explain the mechanisms involved in blue-LED-promoted plant elongation, and summarized the potential ways to apply blue LEDs in plant production in controlled environments.
  • 960
  • 16 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Polyamines Act as Pollen Tube Growth Protectants
Although pollen structure and morphology evolved toward the optimization of stability and fertilization efficiency, its performance is affected by harsh environmental conditions, e.g., heat, cold, drought, pollutants, and other stressors. These phenomena are expected to increase in the coming years in relation to predicted environmental scenarios, contributing to a rapid increase in the interest of the scientific community in understanding the molecular and physiological responses implemented by male gametophyte to accomplish reproduction. 
  • 958
  • 18 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Characterization of Festuca indigesta subsp. indigesta (Poaceae)
Festuca indigesta Boiss. is a polyploid Iberian−Maghreb species, which, in the Iberian Peninsula, is represented by the subsp. indigesta. This taxon has great ecological importance and dominates many plant communities that characterize the high mountains of southeastern Spain, where it is endemic. 
  • 957
  • 31 Mar 2022
Topic Review
m6A RNA Methylation in Plant Circadian Clock
N6-adenosine methylation (m6A) is a prevalent form of RNA modification found in the expressed transcripts of many eukaryotic organisms. Moreover, m6A methylation is a dynamic and reversible process that requires the functioning of various proteins and their complexes that are evolutionarily conserved between species and include methylases, demethylases, and m6A-binding proteins. Notably, m6A has been found to be involved in a variety of factors in RNA processing, such as RNA stability, alternative polyadenylation, and miRNA regulation. The circadian clock in plants is a molecular timekeeping system that regulates the daily and rhythmic activity of many cellular and physiological processes in response to environmental changes such as the day-night cycle. m6A methylation has emerged as an additional layer of post-transcriptional regulation that is necessary for the proper functioning of the plant circadian clock. 
  • 956
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review Video
Dipteryx oleifera Benth
Dipteryx oleifera Benth., a member of the Fabaceae family, is an emergent, evergreen tree found primarily in the tropical rainforests of Central and South America. Known for its ecological importance, D. oleifera plays a vital role in the stability and biodiversity of its native forests. The tree produces large seeds that serve as a primary food source for various animal species, contributing to its role as a keystone species.
  • 956
  • 17 Apr 2025
Topic Review
Apiaceae Crop Breeding Strategies
The economic influence of a species is a pivotal force driving the development of new relevant knowledge. Indeed, the information available for economically relevant species is expected to be far more abundant than the data available for species of little interest. To this end, the present review aims to highlight both the lack and progress achieved in the genomics and transcriptomics of this family, with a particular emphasis on their applications for breeding purposes.
  • 954
  • 25 Oct 2021
Topic Review
2-Hydroxymelatonin
2-OHM treatment induced ROS production in arabidopsis, whereas melatonin did not. ROS production by 2-OHM treatment occurred in old arabidopsis leaves in darkness, consistent with an ethylene-mediated senescence mechanism. Transgenic tobacco plants containing overexpressed rice M2H exhibited dwarfism and leaf necrosis of the upper leaves and early senescence of the lower leaves. We also demonstrated that 2-OHM-mediated ROS production is respiratory burst NADPH oxidase (RBOH)-dependent and that 2-OHM-induced senescence genes require ethylene and the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway in arabidopsis. In contrast to melatonin, 2-OHM treatment induced senescence symptoms such as leaf chlorosis and increased ion leakage in arabidopsis. Senescence induction is known to begin with decreased levels of proteins involved in chloroplast maintenance including Lhcb1 and ClpR1. Together, these results show that 2-OHM acts as a senescence-inducing factor by inducing ROS production in plants
  • 954
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
UGT72
The UDP-glycosyltransferase 72 family (UGT72) of plants has been shown to glycosylate mainly two classes of phenylpropanoids, (i) the monolignols that are the building blocks of lignin, the second most abundant polymer after cellulose, and (ii) the flavonoids, which play determinant roles in plant interactions with other organisms and in response to stress. 
  • 953
  • 01 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Radish Spontaneous Tumor
Spontaneous tumors can develop in different organs of various plant species without any pathogen infection and, as a rule, appear in plants with a certain genotype: Mutants, interspecific hybrids, etc. In particular, among the inbred lines of radish (Raphanus sativus L.), lines that form spontaneous tumors on the taproot during the flowering period were obtained many years ago. In this work, we analyzed the differential gene expression in the spontaneous tumors of radish versus the lateral roots using the RNA-seq method. Data were obtained indicating the increased expression of genes associated with cell division and growth (especially genes that regulate G2-M transition and cytokinesis) in the spontaneous tumor. Among genes downregulated in the tumor tissue, genes participating in the response to stress and wounding, mainly involved in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid and glucosinolates, were enriched. Our data will help elucidate the mechanisms of spontaneous tumor development in higher plants.
  • 949
  • 15 Jun 2021
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