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Topic Review
The Pandemic City
Pandemics have shaped the way cities are planned and configured. Throughout history, cities have evolved to solve problems of sanitation, hygiene, and health access while providing space and opportunities for the urban dwellers.
  • 1.4K
  • 30 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Participatory Budget of Lisbon
Participatory budgets (PBs) allocate a share of the local public budget to citizen-led initiatives. While aiming to get the most marginalised groups of civil society closer to democratic institutions and representatives, the first PBs were celebrated by movements and parties on the left of the political spectrum for their capacity to foster social justice, transparency, and accountability. In the last few decades, PBs have been endorsed by international agencies and contributed significantly to the development of good governance mechanisms. 
  • 1.3K
  • 30 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Urban Vacant Land
Rising housing prices and the growing impacts of climate change demand a rethinking of the revision of consolidated paths to housing development in cities. The mutual influence between urban housing and climate resilience policies is indeed one of the most pressing topics to rediscuss the contemporary form of cities. Indeed, the literature widely agrees that a more environmentally conscious urban form implies denser, mixed-use neighborhoods than the mono-functional districts that have characterized most modern cities. At the same time, the need for compact urban environments must coexist with the emergence of climate resilience features that require more open-to-nature layouts to implement passive strategies and on-site green infrastructure.
  • 1.3K
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Urban Food Markets and Tourism
Gastronomy tourism in urban spaces offers not only the attraction associated with food and drink, but also adds historical and social attractions. These urban markets, with a historical role rooted in people's lives, are a tourist attraction for the visitor, where he can experience both the autochthonous products and the authenticity of the place and its people.
  • 1.2K
  • 15 May 2023
Topic Review
Analysis of SUMPs in Spain
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMP) are increasingly popular planning tools in cities with environmental issues where numerous actions are usually proposed to reduce pollution from urban transport. 
  • 1.2K
  • 04 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Community Acceptance of Sustainable Social Housing in Mumbai
Housing is an essential aspect of sustainable development. Through its construction, design, use and demolition, housing contributes to the consumption of natural and man-made materials resources, water and energy. As sustainable development is highly interlinked with the concept of quality of life, well-being and liveability, sustainability measures are increasingly at the forefront of housing provision efforts as housing is a significant tool to deliver both quality of life and sustainable development. The imperative of climate variability means that people's housing technologies and design need to be more sustainable in reducing their contribution to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Sustainable housing is expected to improve energy efficiency, ensure access to safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene, and reduce waste and water pollution. These structural and design elements of housing, alongside other housing components such as housing location, environment and expenditure burden, can, directly and indirectly, affect people’s choices and chances to improve their quality of life.
  • 1.2K
  • 16 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Peri-Urban Ecosystem Services in Europe
The phenomenon of urbanization affecting our era has seen the shift of the city from compact and well-defined structures to agglomerations with a seamless expansion. This has led to several environmental consequences that have affected the urbanized areas and the surroundings. The peri-urban areas may be the main urban design and planning challenge of the 21st century. These hybrid landscapes, characterized by high fragmentation, can be turned into opportunities to improve the sustainability and quality of urban areas, generating multiple economic, social and environmental benefits. Areas beyond the immediate urban core can be considered a zone of influence, which represent a critical resource in terms of provisioning, regulating, supporting services and cultural ecosystem services.
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Heritage and the Regeneration of Urban Brownfields
Brownfields refer to sites that have been previously utilized or developed and are currently abandoned, idle, or inadequately used. In addition to their potential for rehabilitation, brownfields offer cultural and historical importance. Hence, moreover physical preservation, the building’s authenticity should be preserved by assigning suitable functions. In other words, intangible aspects such as social activities, collective memories, and meanings should be considered alongside tangible heritage to define the site’s unique identity and strengthen the sense of belonging.
  • 1.2K
  • 05 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Value Capture for Public Amenities
Land for public use is a vital need in any city, which is why government guidelines and legislation are applied to procure them through various policies such as land expropriation, consolidation and re-division. As land in city centers becomes increasingly scarce, and growth pushes cities to their limits, allocating land for public use becomes more challenging and requires new solutions. Examples include progressive taxation, redefining property rights, incentivizing owners, and introducing value capture instruments. Value capture enables cities to utilize unearned increments, meaning the increase in property value as a result of government intervention to which a property owner has not contributed. Statutory planning can create value uplift that can be harnessed through value capture tools to supply a range of public benefits to the community, including land for public utilities. Value capture instruments such as  density bonuses or land readjustment, can help decision-makers create public amenities including soft and hard infrastructure. 
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Use of UAVs and 3D Modeling in Planning
The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly referred to as drones, is a rapidly advancing technology. UAVs have become more accessible for urban planning and historic preservation due to their lower cost of acquisition and easier entry requirements for new pilots in comparison to airborne and satellite platforms. The use of 3D modeling has been prevalent in various fields; at present, an expanding trend involves the utilization of 3D modeling technology in the preservation of historical sites. It is possible that detailed and accurate representations of existing buildings could have ethical implications for the development of 3D models. As an example, researchers have pointed limitations or even misrepresentation of buildings in the creation of digital 3D representations. Drone photogrammetry offers enhanced methods to represent existing buildings with in more detail.
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Dec 2023
Topic Review
The Conflict Between Humans and Urban Coyotes
Coyotes live in most major cities across North and Central America. As their habitat shrinks, human–coyote interactions increase, spurring debate about how to respond. Residents often fear coyotes and want extermination, but scientists argue they are a permanent fixture that play a vital ecosystem role and that eradicating them does not work and has negative impacts. Instead, ecologists argue that residents need to change their behavior to coexist with coyotes. Human–coyote sightings and interactions are becoming more frequent in urban areas across North and Central America. While many species have lost territory, the coyote range has expanded. Relatively recently, ecologists have coalesced around the idea that coexistence is the most promising avenue to reduce human–coyote conflict in urban areas. Despite this, calls for the eradication of coyotes continue. 
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Collective Spaces in Achieving Social Sustainability
The outdoor collective spaces in most residential areas play a major role in social stability and unification. These are important components of the housing environment because they provide places for complimentary activities of housing units, mainly social interaction. Thus, good outdoors should ensure good social relations, a good sense of belonging to the place, and a stable social life for the residents.
  • 1.1K
  • 05 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Big Data-Based Urban Park Research
Urban parks provide multiple benefits to human well-being and human health. Big data provide new and powerful ways to study visitors’ feelings, activities in urban parks, and the effect they themselves have on urban parks. Big data benefits urban park research by providing low-cost, timely information, a people-oriented perspective, and fine-grained site information. 
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Achieving Healthy City Development in Ghana
A growing number of proposals, policies, projects, practices, and methodologies have been undertaken globally to achieve social, economic, and environmental sustainability in urban areas. This is due to the recent appreciation of human capital development, healthy living standards, and the benefits of safeguarding the ecosystem against eminent threats of pollution. The Local Government Act 2016 (Act 936) of Ghana places the District Assemblies (DAs) at the forefront of planning, executing, and managing policies concerning the districts (i.e., cities, and towns). 
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Transportation Network Company in Moscow
Transportation network companies (TNC), also known as ride-hailing or ridesourcing, accelerate and simplify the connection between drivers and passengers via smartphone apps and provide passengers with the best real-time mobility service.
  • 1.1K
  • 31 May 2022
Topic Review
The New Urban Profession: Entering Age of Uncertainty
The context of urbanism is changing rapidly. The context for working in the field of urban design and planning is influenced by the pace of change; uncertainty; and massive transitions. The urban professional, however, is still used to planning for small changes and repeating traditional approaches. 
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Feb 2022
Topic Review
VR and Virtual Shopping Stores
A virtual reality (VR) platform generates a computer-simulated environment that is fostered and assisted by the head-mounted display (HMD), which utilizes a manipulator in an immersive environment. VR is broadly used for cognitive purposes in various industries in the fields of engineering, architecture, and medicine. Software makers are also in the perspective of introducing virtual stores where consumers can enter the virtual stores and visualize the dimensions and usability of an item prior to purchasing it. A virtual shopping store is a computer-simulated store where a handler can envisage, feel, and interact with the products and items in the store. Implementation of the virtual store can be a breakthrough in the e-commerce market. Other famous terms for virtual stores are cybernetic stores and computer-simulated 3D spatial stores. In current e-commerce stores, one of the recorded fraudulent activities is the delivery of an ordered item different from that itemized in the e-commerce store. Needless to say, a virtual store can spark a revolution in the e-commerce industry by not only altering the way of shopping but also by making it secure. 
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Urban Village Redevelopment Projects in China
The dual land system that resulted from the 1982 land reform makes the Chinese land situation unique. A dichotomy has existed between the state ownership of urban land and public ownership of rural land ever since. Urbanization in China often takes place by penetrating spatially into rural villages, where land is collectively owned. Urban villages are often regarded as temporary entities with undesirable urban planning and governance. Combined with the negative social externalities that urban villages emit, the Chinese government has implemented large-scale urban village redevelopment projects (UVRPs) in recent years to replace shabby entities with formal urban neighbourhoods. This phenomenon is in line with Kochan’s argument that urban planners will ultimately eradicate urban villages in urbanization. UVRPs have stimulated rapid urban development, which plays a great role in economic growth and modernization.
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Liminality as a Theoretical Tool in Historic Cities
The methods of urban revitalisation in historic cities may include several approaches, from mere preservation to physical intervention or a combination of both. Since Middle Eastern historic cities exist as a transitional phenomenon, spatial liminality is identified as an epistemological tool for their investigation. 
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Tree and Heat Island Effect
Pavements occupy about 40% of urban land cover, with 75–80% black top roads, playing a critical role in urban connectivity and mobility. Solar energy is absorbed and stored in pavements leading to an increase in surface temperatures. Decreasing green cover is further contributing to rise in regional temperatures. Due to this activity, the city experiences urban heat island (UHI). This entry presents a critical review of the literature on mitigation measures to combat UHI using reflective pavements with an emphasis on durability properties and impacts of tree canopy.
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Jan 2022
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