You're using an outdated browser. Please upgrade to a modern browser for the best experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Demand Response Products
Demand response refers to planning, implementing and monitoring the use of electricity to generate changes in the consumers' demand profile to adapt to different needs. Thus, a Demand Response Product can be defined as the contractual framework which guarantees that the service provided by flexible consumers satifies the minimum requirements of the related service to the final user of such flexibility (network operator, energy trader, aggregator, etc.) Demand Response is a key element of future power systems due to its capacity to defer grid investments, improve demand participation in the market and absorb renewable energy source variations. In this regard, Demand Response can play an important role in delivering ancillary services to power systems.
  • 1.4K
  • 18 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Massive MIMO Techniques for 5G
The general concept of massive MIMO is defined as a physical-layer technology which equips each BS with a huge number of active antennas that can be used to spatially multiplex many UEs so that it is possible to communicate with them on the same time-frequency resource. The spectral efficiency per cell can be improved by orders-of magnitude over classical cellular networks by coping with the signal attenuation and interference through spatial signal processing with techniques such as receive combining and transmit precoding. To resume, massive MIMO is an upgraded version of the Space-Division Multiple Access (SDMA), pushing the spatial multiplexing to an extreme level.
  • 1.4K
  • 12 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Capacity Sizing of Battery–Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System
A battery–supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system is investigated as a solution to reduce the high-power delivery stress on the battery. An optimally-sized system can further enhance the storage and cost efficiency.
  • 1.4K
  • 17 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Fiber-Based Thermoelectric Materials
Fiber-based thermoelectric materials and devices have the characteristics of light-weight, stability, and flexibility, which can be used in wearable electronics, attracting the wide attention of researchers.
  • 1.4K
  • 19 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Technologies for Improving Storage Efficiency in Blockchain-Based IIoT
The Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain have contributed to massive advancements in the fields to which they have been applied. The benefits of the blockchain, which include enhanced security, transparency, and greater traceability, make it a promising technology for integration with IIoT, which has long had issues with security. However, there are several issues that limit the integration of blockchain into Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) systems. One of these issues is the huge storage requirement of the blockchain. There are several solutions to address these concerns. These solutions, which include summarization-based, compression-based, and storage scheme optimization methods, are necessary to enable the further development of blockchain–IIoT integration. However, these solutions have shortcomings that reduce their effectiveness. Compression-based schemes produce compressed blocks or data that accumulate over time and may not ensure enough storage savings on peers. This can be alleviated by designing compression techniques that provide an efficient representation of data for IIoT systems to yield better compression ratios. Summarization-based schemes reduce redundancy in block data by using the net change in transferring entities between parties and, thus, are better suited for financial systems than for IIoT systems. 
  • 1.4K
  • 30 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Machines Additive Manufacturing
Modern-day machine applications require extraordinary performance parameters such as high power-density, integrated functionalities, improved thermal, mechanical & electromagnetic properties. Additive manufacturing (AM)offers a higher degree of design flexibility to achieve these performance parameters, which is impossible to realize through conventional manufacturing techniques.
  • 1.4K
  • 26 Aug 2021
Topic Review
The Acoustic System of the Fendouzhe HOV
Due to the strong absorption and attenuation of electromagnetic waves by water, radio communications and global positioning systems are lacking in the deep-sea environment. Therefore, underwater long-distance communications, positioning, detection and other functions depend on acoustic technology. In order to realize the above functions, the acoustic system of the Fendouzhe human occupied vehicle (HOV) is composed of eight kinds of sonars and sensors, which is one of the core systems of manned submersible. 
  • 1.4K
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Magnetic Characterization of Planar Magnetics
High-power density and high-efficiency power converters have become popular in a wide range of industrial applications including telecommunications, automotive, aerospace, and data processing. When it comes to achieving high power density, it is inevitable that switch-mode power converters will need to be utilized. High-frequency power-conversion applications are increasingly using planar magnetic devices to replace traditional transformers and inductors.
  • 1.4K
  • 25 Apr 2023
Topic Review
The Development of Renewable Energy in China
Renewable energy is now the world’s most reliable and sustainable solution to environmental pollution, the energy crisis, and social sustainability. In order to regulate renewable energies and ensure the sustainable development of renewable energy in China, a regulatory framework is imperative. In 2020, China’s electricity generation and consumption increased by 0.9 and 1.3 percent annually, respectively, producing capacity of power plants increased by 5.6 GW, coal consumption of power supply decreased by 4.3 g/kWh, power generation projects investment increased by 51.6 billion RMB, power grid projects investment decreased by 1.8 billion RMB, and newly installed generation capacity increased by 769 GW year on year (YOY). During the first three quarters of 2021, the generation, consumption and coal consumption of electricity increased respectively by 10.7 and 12.9%, the generating capacity of power plants increased by 9.4 GW, the average coal consumption of power supply decreased by 0.9 g/kWh, power generation projects investment increased by 1.8 billion RMB, while power grid projects investment decreased by 0.3 billion RMB and new generation capacity added around 20.16 GW compared to the same period last year. Furthermore, domestic power consumption grew by 6.0% and 7%, respectively, in 2020–2021. 
  • 1.4K
  • 25 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Food Control Achievements of NIR
Major milestones in the design of near infrared spectrometers as well as their demonstrated efficiency in the mitigation of food security issues with regards to commonly consumed food matrices are herein presented.   
  • 1.4K
  • 18 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Mobility Management of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
The rapid growth of mobile data traffic will lead to the deployment of Ultra–Dense Networks (UDN) in the near future. Various networks must overlap to meet the massive demands of mobile data traffic, causing an increase in the number of handover scenarios. This will subsequently affect the connectivity, stability, and reliability of communication between mobile and serving networks. The inclusion of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)—based networks will create more complex challenges due to different mobility characterizations.
  • 1.4K
  • 20 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Digital Twin Concept Developing on an Electrical System
Through the transformation that the electrical sector has been passing by, improvements in asset management and the guarantee of sustainable and quality services have become essential aspects for power companies. Thus, the digitalization of energy utilities presents itself as an important and crucial process. A concept that involves a variety of innovative trends is the digital twin. It consists of a 3D virtual replica of existing physical objects and real-time monitoring of certain measures. By developing a digital twin in the electrical power grid, a virtual replica of the network is obtained providing network virtual maps, 3D asset models, dynamic and real-time data of grid assets, and IoT sensing. All these data can feed a platform where AI-based models and advanced field operation technologies and solutions will be applied. With a Network Digital Twin©development, applications involving on-field activities can be improved through augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) to enhance workforce operations. 
  • 1.4K
  • 23 May 2022
Topic Review
High-Performance and Parallel Computing Techniques
The transition towards net-zero emissions is inevitable for humanity’s future. Of all the sectors, electrical energy systems emit the most emissions. This urgently requires the witnessed accelerating technological landscape to transition towards an emission-free smart grid. It involves massive integration of intermittent wind and solar-powered resources into future power grids. Additionally, new paradigms such as large-scale integration of distributed resources into the grid, proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, and electrification of different sectors are envisioned as essential enablers for a net-zero future. However, these changes will lead to unprecedented size, complexity and data of the planning and operation problems of future grids. It is thus important to discuss and consider High Performance Computing (HPC), parallel computing, and cloud computing prospects in any future electrical energy studies. 
  • 1.4K
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Classification Tools Heart Rate Variability
Chronic stress is the main cause of health problems in high-risk jobs. Wearable sensors can become an ecologically valid method of stress level assessment in real-life applications. We sought to determine a non-invasive technique for objective stress monitoring. Data were collected from firefighters during 24-h shifts using sensor belts equipped with a dry-lead electrocardiograph (ECG) and a three-axial accelerometer. Levels of stress experienced during fire incidents were evaluated via a brief self-assessment questionnaire. Types of physical activity were distinguished basing on accelerometer readings, and heart rate variability (HRV) time series were segmented accordingly into corresponding fragments. Those segments were classified as stress/no-stress conditions. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis showed true positive classification as stress condition for 15% of incidents (while maintaining almost zero False Positive Rate), which parallels the amount of truly stressful incidents reported in the questionnaires. These results show a firm correspondence between the perceived stress level and physiological data. Psychophysiological measurements are reliable indicators of stress even in ecological settings and appear promising for chronic stress monitoring in high-risk jobs, such as firefighting.
  • 1.3K
  • 28 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Photovoltaic Integration with the Saudi Electricity Grid
Due to uncertain photovoltaic (PV) power generation, analyzing the voltage stability of transmission networks with a large PV plant is challenging. The stability of PV output power is a critical factor in establishing PV penetration levels in active transmission networks when assessing loading capabilities. 
  • 1.3K
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Energy Consumption Problems in Autonomous Systems
Autonomous systems are a rapidly developing research field that may revolutionize many industries and applications in transportation, manufacturing, healthcare, and agriculture. They offer the potential to boost effectiveness, to lower expenses, and to enhance safety. Autonomous systems incorporate sensors, software, and artificial intelligence algorithms to perceive their environment, make decisions, and take actions. However, one of the main challenges autonomous systems face is energy consumption. These systems require significant energy to power their sensors, processors, and other components. This is especially true for autonomous systems designed for mobility autonomous systems, such as autonomous vehicles (AVs) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).
  • 1.3K
  • 21 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Green Substrates for Flexible Electronics for IoT
The Internet of Things (IoT) is gaining more and more popularity and it is establishing itself in all areas, from industry to everyday life. Given its pervasiveness and considering the problems that afflict today’s world, that must be carefully monitored and addressed to guarantee a future for the new generations, the sustainability of technological solutions must be a focal point in the activities of researchers in the field. Many of these solutions are based on flexible, printed or wearable electronics. The choice of materials therefore becomes fundamental, just as it is crucial to provide the necessary power supply in a green way.
  • 1.3K
  • 26 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Photoacoustic-Based Communication and Localization
The photoacoustic mechanism is commonly used in medical imaging. Yet, it has great potential as a means of air to underwater communication. The use of photoacoustic as a cross-medium communication has high potential to morph the classical way of approaching a solution in underwater applications.
  • 1.3K
  • 20 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Design of Brushless Doubly Fed Machines
Doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) are the most widely used generators in wind turbines. However, due to the incessant failures of their slip rings and brushes, the operating and maintenance costs of DFIG based wind turbines are high; this is even worse in remote areas like offshore wind sites. Research interest on brushless doubly fed induction machines (BDFMs) is increasing, as they offer higher reliability compared to doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) in wind turbines.
  • 1.3K
  • 05 May 2022
Topic Review
Solar Hybrid Photovoltaic Thermal System
A Hybrid Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) system is one of the most emerging and energy-efficient technologies in the area of solar energy engineering. Several cell technologies with spectrum analysis are discussed to understand the application’s ability and energy efficiency.
  • 1.3K
  • 07 Feb 2024
  • Page
  • of
  • 50
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Academic Video Service
Feedback