Your browser does not fully support modern features. Please upgrade for a smoother experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Pseudomonas syringae as a Bacterial Plant Pathogen
Plant diseases caused by the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae are serious problems for various plant species worldwide. Accurate detection and diagnosis of P. syringae infections are critical for the effective management of these plant diseases.
  • 1.3K
  • 22 May 2023
Topic Review
UORFs for Stress-Tolerant Crops Development
Gene-editing technology, based on the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) platform, has emerged as a revolutionary tool for targeted gene mutation, and has received attention as a game changer in the global biotechnology market.
  • 1.3K
  • 11 May 2021
Topic Review
Botanical Amendments for Synthetic Nematicides
The intensification of agriculture has created concerns about soil degradation and toxicity of agricultural chemicals to non-target organisms. As a result, there is great urgency for discovering new ecofriendly tools for pest management and plant nutrition. Botanical matrices and their extracts and purified secondary metabolites have received much research interest, but time-consuming registration issues have slowed their adoption. In contrast, cultural practices such as use of plant matrices as soil amendments could be immediately used as plant protectants or organic fertilizers. 
  • 1.3K
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Rhus trilobata Nutt. (Anacardiaceae)
Rhus trilobata (RHTR) is a medicinal plant with cytotoxic activity in different cancer cell lines. However, the active compounds in this plant against ovarian cancer are unknown. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the antineoplastic activity of RHTR and identify its active metabolites against ovarian cancer. The aqueous extract (AE) and an active fraction (AF02) purified on C18-cartridges/ethyl acetate decreased the viability of SKOV-3 cells at 50 and 38 μg/mL, respectively, compared with CHO-K1 (> 50 μg/mL) in MTT assays and generated changes in the cell morphology with apoptosis induction in Hemacolor® and TUNEL assays (p ≤ 0.05, ANOVA). The metabolite profile of AF02 showed a higher abundance of flavonoid and lipid compounds compared with AE by UPLC-MS. Gallic acid and myricetin were the most active compounds in RHTR against SKOV-3 cells at 50 and 166 μg/mL, respectively (p ≤ 0.05, ANOVA). Antineoplastic studies in Nu/Nu female mice with subcutaneous SKOV-3 cells xenotransplant revealed that 200 mg/kg/i.p. of AE and AF02 inhibited ovarian tumor lesions from 37.6% to 49% after 28 days (p ≤ 0.05, ANOVA). In conclusion, RHTR has antineoplastic activity against ovarian cancer through a cytostatic effect related to gallic acid and myricetin. Therefore, RHTR could be a complementary treatment for this pathology.
  • 1.3K
  • 05 Nov 2021
Topic Review
A Comprehensive Assessment of Carob, C. siliqua L.
The carob tree (C. siliqua L.) is an evergreen perennial tree from the Fabaceae (Leguminosae) family. Originating in the Mediterranean region, it now populates many parts of the world, including North and South America, Africa, and Australia. The tree grows up to 15 m tall and boasts long, dark green leathery leaves.
  • 1.3K
  • 07 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Fungicide Resistance Non-Target Site Mechanisms
The rapid emergence of resistance in plant pathogens to the limited number of chemical classes of fungicides challenges sustainability and profitability of crop production worldwide. Under-standing mechanisms underlying fungicide resistance facilitates monitoring of resistant popula-tions at large-scale, and can guide and accelerate the development of novel fungicides.
  • 1.3K
  • 10 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Nanotechnology Controling Plant Pathogenic Fungi
Nanoparticles are materials with at least one or more dimensions at the scale of 1–100 nm. This definition has taken several materials to be named nanoparticles into account. Nanoparticles that are natural likewise occur in numerous forms, for example, oceanic salt sprays and volcanic dust.
  • 1.3K
  • 17 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Plant Protein Ingredients
Many kinds of plant proteins are available as functional ingredients in foods, including those derived from cereals, legumes, oilseeds, and algae. Among these, pulse proteins are some of the most frequently used because they can be economically isolated from common natural resources (e.g., peas, chickpeas, lentils, and beans) that contain relatively high protein levels (>20 g protein/100 g dry matter), thereby enhancing their economic viability. Extraction and purification methods can convert pulses into functional ingredients with protein contents ranging from relatively low (<50%) to relatively high (>90%), including flour, concentrates, and isolates.
  • 1.3K
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Micropropagation Techniques for Rare Plant
The current investigation aimed to present an overview of the conservation of biological diversity of rare and endangered plant species. Methods of biodiversity conservation as well as several overview recommendations for the preservation of various rare species have been considered. An overview of the taxa included in the red book has been presented on the example of the Russian Federation. Global and local codes and classifiers of plant rarity were also presented. Future prospects for the conservation of biological diversity and the creation and development of bioresource collections have been considered.
  • 1.3K
  • 30 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Dendrobium Essential Oil
A detailed chemical composition of Dendrobium essential oil has been only reported for a few main species. This article is the first to evaluate the essential oil composition, obtained by steam distillation, of five Indian Dendrobium species: Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl., Dendrobium harveyanum Rchb.f., and Dendrobium wardianum R.Warner (section Dendrobium), Dendrobium amabile (Lour.) O’Brien, and Dendrobium chrysanthum Wall. ex Lindl. (section Densiflora). We investigate fresh flower essential oil obtained by steam distillation, by GC/FID and GC/MS. Several compounds are identified, with a peculiar distribution in the species: Saturated hydrocarbons (range 2.19–80.20%), organic acids (range 0.45–46.80%), esters (range 1.03–49.33%), and alcohols (range 0.12–22.81%). Organic acids are detected in higher concentrations in D. chrysantum, D. wardianum, and D. harveyanum (46.80%, 26.89%, and 7.84%, respectively). This class is represented by palmitic acid (13.52%, 5.76, and 7.52%) linoleic acid (D. wardianum 17.54%), and (Z)-11-hexadecenoic acid (D. chrysantum 29.22%). Esters are detected especially in species from section Dendrobium, with ethyl linolenate, methyl linoleate, ethyl oleate, and ethyl palmitate as the most abundant compounds. Alcohols are present in higher concentrations in D. chrysantum (2.4-di-tert-butylphenol, 22.81%), D. chrysotoxum (1-octanol, and 2-phenylethanol, 2.80% and 2.36%), and D. wardianum (2-phenylethanol, 4.65%). Coumarin (95.59%) is the dominant compound in D. amabile (section Densiflora) and detected in lower concentrations (range 0.19–0.54%) in other samples. These volatile compounds may represent a particular feature of these plant species, playing a critical role in interacting with pollinators.
  • 1.3K
  • 22 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Single-Molecule Labeling and Imaging Strategies
Single-molecule imaging is emerging as a revolutionary approach to studying fundamental questions in plants. However, compared with its use in animals, the application of single-molecule imaging in plants is still underexplored. 
  • 1.3K
  • 31 May 2021
Topic Review
Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.
Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.; family Ericaceae), otherwise known as cowberry, partridgeberry, and foxberry, is an evergreen dwarf shrub with underground rhizomes widely distributed throughout Northern, Central European, Canadian, and Russian countries’ forests. Due to the promising health benefits, mainly associated with the high content of secondary metabolites—phenolics and triterpenoids—lingonberry leaves acquired prominent pharmaceutical potential and breeding value 
  • 1.3K
  • 27 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Elderberries
Elderberries have been known for thousands of years as having nutritional and healing properties. The phytotherapeutic principles found in elderberry fruits give them antiviral, antibacterial and antidiabetic properties, antitumor potential, antioxidant, antidepressant and immune boosting properties, as well as a certain impacts on obesity and metabolic dysfunctions.
  • 1.3K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Juglans regia Linn.
Juglans regia Linn. belongs to the family Juglandaceae and is an aromatic transient tree that grows in abundance in the North-Western Himalayas of Kashmir that produces most of the world’s walnuts, accounting for around 88% of total walnut production.
  • 1.3K
  • 08 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Micropropagation and Its Applications of Eucalyptus Plantations
The genus Eucalyptus is a globally captivated source of hardwood and is well known for its medicinal uses. The hybrid and wild species of Eucalyptus are widely used as exotic plantations due to their renowned potential of adapting to various systems and sites, and rapid large-scale propagation of genetically similar plantlets, which further leads to the extensive propagation of this species. Tissue culture plays a crucial role in the preservation, propagation, and genetic improvement of Eucalyptus species. Despite unquestionable progression in biotechnological and tissue culture approaches, the productivity of plantations is still limited, often due to the low efficiency of clonal propagation from cuttings. 
  • 1.3K
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Metal Tolerance Protein
Metal tolerance proteins (MTPs) are plant divalent cation transporters that play important roles in plant metal tolerance and homeostasis. Poplar is an ideal candidate for the phytoremediation of heavy metals because of its numerous beneficial attributes. Here, 22 MTP genes in P. trichocarpa were identified and classified into three major clusters and seven groups according to phylogenetic relationships. An evolutionary analysis suggested that PtrMTP genes had undergone gene expansion through tandem or segmental duplication events. Moreover, all PtrMTPs were predicted to localize in the vacuole and/or cell membrane, and contained typical structural features of the MTP family, cation efflux domain. The temporal and spatial expression pattern analysis results indicated the involvement of PtrMTP genes in poplar developmental control. Under heavy metal stress, most of PtrMTP genes were induced by at least two metal ions in roots, stems or leaves. In addition, PtrMTP8.1, PtrMTP9 and PtrMTP10.4 displayed the ability of Mn transport in yeast cells, and PtrMTP6 could transport Co, Fe and Mn. These findings will provide an important foundation to elucidate the biological functions of PtrMTP genes, and especially their role in regulating heavy metal tolerance in poplar.
  • 1.3K
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Genetic Improvement in Sunflower Breeding
The main sunflower breeding goals are aimed towards high seed and oil yield, genetic resistance and high level of tolerance to the economically most important diseases, insects and parasitic weed (broomrape), as well as tolerance to abiotic stresses (in the first place to drought). As one of the most important oilseed crops worldwide, in order to meet growing global demands for sunflower products, intensified efforts for implementation of all available advanced breeding tools are required to improve the quantity and the quality of sunflower output by focusing on factors that are limiting phenotype expression of genetic potential. Special attention should be paid to the complexity in inheritance of the afore-mentioned traits, especially for resistance and tolerance to different pests and drought.
  • 1.3K
  • 22 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Allelopathy and Allelochemicals of Leucaenaleucocephala
Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit is native to southern Mexico and Central America and is now naturalized in more than 130 countries. The spread of L. leucocephala is probably due to its multipurpose use such as fodder, timber, paper pulp, shade trees, and soil amendment. However, the species is listed in the world’s 100 worst invasive alien species, and an aggressive colonizer. It forms dense monospecific stands and threatens native plant communities, especially in oceanic islands. Phytotoxic chemical interactions such as allelopathy have been reported to play an important role in the invasion of several invasive plant species.
  • 1.3K
  • 04 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Versatile Nutraceutical Potentials of Watermelon
Watermelon (Citrulus lantus) is an important horticultural crop which belongs to the Curcubitaceae family. The nutraceutical potential of watermelon has been illustrated by several researchers, which makes it a better choice of functional food. Watermelon has been used to treat various ailments, such as cardio-vascular diseases, aging related ailments, obesity, diabetes, ulcers, and various types of cancers. The medicinal properties of watermelon are attributed by the presence of important phytochemicals with pharmaceutical values such as lycopene, citrulline, and other polyphenolic compounds. Watermelon acts as vital source of l-citrulline, a neutral-alpha amino acid which is the precursor of l-arginine, an essential amino acid necessary for protein synthesis. Supplementation of l-citrulline and lycopene displayed numerous health benefits in in vitro and in vivo studies. Similarly, the dietary intake of watermelon has proven benefits as functional food in humans for weight management. 
  • 1.3K
  • 18 Nov 2020
Topic Review
List of Plants Used in Cherokee Ethnobotany
This is a list of plants documented to have been traditionally used by the Cherokee, and how they are used.
  • 1.3K
  • 10 Nov 2022
  • Page
  • of
  • 52
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Reprints

>>
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Medieval Royal Iconography
Academic Video Service
Feedback