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Topic Review
Polysaccharide-Based Edible Coatings for Plum
Polysaccharide-based edible coatings are served as an attractive preservation method for postharvest maintenance of most fruits. The current study examined the effect of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)- and pectin (Pec)-based edible coatings on titratable acidity (TA), firmness; vitamin C (vit C); total soluble solids (TSS); pH; total phenolics; anthocyanin and flavonoid contents; total antioxidant capacity (based on 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl hydrate (DPPH)); the activities of peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and polygalacturonase (PG) enzymes; and weight loss during cold storage.
  • 1.4K
  • 18 Sep 2020
Topic Review
Rhus trilobata Nutt. (Anacardiaceae)
Rhus trilobata (RHTR) is a medicinal plant with cytotoxic activity in different cancer cell lines. However, the active compounds in this plant against ovarian cancer are unknown. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the antineoplastic activity of RHTR and identify its active metabolites against ovarian cancer. The aqueous extract (AE) and an active fraction (AF02) purified on C18-cartridges/ethyl acetate decreased the viability of SKOV-3 cells at 50 and 38 μg/mL, respectively, compared with CHO-K1 (> 50 μg/mL) in MTT assays and generated changes in the cell morphology with apoptosis induction in Hemacolor® and TUNEL assays (p ≤ 0.05, ANOVA). The metabolite profile of AF02 showed a higher abundance of flavonoid and lipid compounds compared with AE by UPLC-MS. Gallic acid and myricetin were the most active compounds in RHTR against SKOV-3 cells at 50 and 166 μg/mL, respectively (p ≤ 0.05, ANOVA). Antineoplastic studies in Nu/Nu female mice with subcutaneous SKOV-3 cells xenotransplant revealed that 200 mg/kg/i.p. of AE and AF02 inhibited ovarian tumor lesions from 37.6% to 49% after 28 days (p ≤ 0.05, ANOVA). In conclusion, RHTR has antineoplastic activity against ovarian cancer through a cytostatic effect related to gallic acid and myricetin. Therefore, RHTR could be a complementary treatment for this pathology.
  • 1.4K
  • 05 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Acnistus Arborescens
[ N.B. the monotypic genus Acnistus was subsumed in the genus Iochroma by J.M.H. Shaw in 2016 and the species formerly known as Acnistus arborescens is now known correctly as Iochroma arborescens (L.) J.M.H. Shaw ]. Acnistus arborescens is a species of flowering plant – the single species in the monotypic genus Acnistus, belonging to the Nightshade family Solanaceae. Common names include gallinero ( = 'henhouse' ), mata-gallina ( = 'chicken-killer' ), fruta-de-sabiá ( = 'thrush-fruit' ), hollowheart, wild tobacco, siyou, bastard sirio, galán arbóreo, tabaco de monte ( = 'mountain tobacco' ), nigüito, marieneira, güitite, and tabak djab ( = 'devil's tobacco' ).
  • 1.4K
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Jasmonic Acid in Plant Response to Necrotrophic Fungi
Jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivatives, all named jasmonates, are the simplest phytohormones which regulate multifarious plant physiological processes including development, growth and defense responses to various abiotic and biotic stress factors. Moreover, jasmonate plays an important mediator’s role during plant interactions with necrotrophic oomycetes and fungi in the process of activation defense responses.
  • 1.4K
  • 05 May 2023
Topic Review
A Comprehensive Assessment of Carob, C. siliqua L.
The carob tree (C. siliqua L.) is an evergreen perennial tree from the Fabaceae (Leguminosae) family. Originating in the Mediterranean region, it now populates many parts of the world, including North and South America, Africa, and Australia. The tree grows up to 15 m tall and boasts long, dark green leathery leaves.
  • 1.4K
  • 07 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Macroalgae Compounds Against Foodborne Pathogens
The search for food resources is a constant in human history. Nowadays, the search for natural and safe food supplies is of foremost importance. Accordingly, there is a renewed interest in eco-friendly and natural products in substitution of synthetic additives. In addition, microbial contamination of food products during their obtaining and distribution processes is still a sanitary issue, target for the food industry to avoid food contamination and its related foodborne illnesses. These diseases are fundamentally caused by certain microorganisms listed in this review and classified according to their Gram negative or positive character. Algae have proven to possess high nutritional value and a wide variety of biological properties due to their content in active compounds. Among these capabilities, macroalgae are recognized for having antimicrobial properties. Thus, the present paper revises the actual knowledge of microbial contaminants in the food industry and proposes antimicrobial algal compounds against those pathogenic bacteria responsible for food contamination as valuable molecules for its growth inhibition. The capacity of algae extracts to inhibit some major food pathogen growth was assessed. Moreover, the main applications of these compounds in the food industry were discussed while considering their favorable effects in terms of food safety and quality control.
  • 1.4K
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Gynura procumbens
Gynura procumbens, a herb found in Southeast Asia, may be an effective therapeutic for nonhealing diabetic wounds. 
  • 1.4K
  • 07 Jun 2021
Topic Review
UORFs for Stress-Tolerant Crops Development
Gene-editing technology, based on the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) platform, has emerged as a revolutionary tool for targeted gene mutation, and has received attention as a game changer in the global biotechnology market.
  • 1.4K
  • 11 May 2021
Topic Review
Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.
Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.; family Ericaceae), otherwise known as cowberry, partridgeberry, and foxberry, is an evergreen dwarf shrub with underground rhizomes widely distributed throughout Northern, Central European, Canadian, and Russian countries’ forests. Due to the promising health benefits, mainly associated with the high content of secondary metabolites—phenolics and triterpenoids—lingonberry leaves acquired prominent pharmaceutical potential and breeding value 
  • 1.4K
  • 27 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Crosstalk of H2S with Signaling/Phytohormones under Changing Environments
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) serves as an important gaseous signaling molecule that is involved in intra- and intercellular signal transduction in plant–environment interactions. In plants, H2S is formed in sulfate/cysteine reduction pathways. The activation of endogenous H2S and its exogenous application has been found to be highly effective in ameliorating a wide variety of stress conditions in plants. The H2S interferes with the cellular redox regulatory network and prevents the degradation of proteins from oxidative stress via post-translational modifications (PTMs). H2S-mediated persulfidation allows the rapid response of proteins in signaling networks to environmental stimuli. In addition, regulatory crosstalk of H2S with other gaseous signals and plant growth regulators enable the activation of multiple signaling cascades that drive cellular adaptation.
  • 1.4K
  • 29 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Allotetraploid Cotton
Allotetraploid cotton (Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense) are cultivated worldwide for its white fiber. Since centuries, conventional breeding approaches increase cotton yield at the cost of extensive erosion of natural genetic variability. Sea Island cotton (G. barbadense) is known for its superior fiber quality, but show poor adaptability as compared to Upland cotton. Hence, there is a dire need to improve the current germplasm resources of Sea Island cotton to develop diverse breeding lines with improved adaptability and excellent agronomic and economic traits. Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) is an excellent mutagenic agent that induces genome-wide point mutations to activate the mutagenic potential of plants. In current study, we determined the optimal EMS experimental procedure suitable for construction of cotton mutant library. At M6 generation, mutant library comprised of lines with distinguished phenotypes of the plant architecture, leaf, flower, boll and fiber. Genome wide analysis of SNP distribution and density in yellow leaf mutants reflected the better quality of mutant library. Our mutant collection will serve as the valuable resource for basic research on cotton functional genomics, as well as cotton breeding.
  • 1.3K
  • 09 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Allelopathy and Allelochemicals of Leucaenaleucocephala
Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit is native to southern Mexico and Central America and is now naturalized in more than 130 countries. The spread of L. leucocephala is probably due to its multipurpose use such as fodder, timber, paper pulp, shade trees, and soil amendment. However, the species is listed in the world’s 100 worst invasive alien species, and an aggressive colonizer. It forms dense monospecific stands and threatens native plant communities, especially in oceanic islands. Phytotoxic chemical interactions such as allelopathy have been reported to play an important role in the invasion of several invasive plant species.
  • 1.3K
  • 04 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Botanical Amendments for Synthetic Nematicides
The intensification of agriculture has created concerns about soil degradation and toxicity of agricultural chemicals to non-target organisms. As a result, there is great urgency for discovering new ecofriendly tools for pest management and plant nutrition. Botanical matrices and their extracts and purified secondary metabolites have received much research interest, but time-consuming registration issues have slowed their adoption. In contrast, cultural practices such as use of plant matrices as soil amendments could be immediately used as plant protectants or organic fertilizers. 
  • 1.3K
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Fungicide Resistance Non-Target Site Mechanisms
The rapid emergence of resistance in plant pathogens to the limited number of chemical classes of fungicides challenges sustainability and profitability of crop production worldwide. Under-standing mechanisms underlying fungicide resistance facilitates monitoring of resistant popula-tions at large-scale, and can guide and accelerate the development of novel fungicides.
  • 1.3K
  • 10 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Plant Protein Ingredients
Many kinds of plant proteins are available as functional ingredients in foods, including those derived from cereals, legumes, oilseeds, and algae. Among these, pulse proteins are some of the most frequently used because they can be economically isolated from common natural resources (e.g., peas, chickpeas, lentils, and beans) that contain relatively high protein levels (>20 g protein/100 g dry matter), thereby enhancing their economic viability. Extraction and purification methods can convert pulses into functional ingredients with protein contents ranging from relatively low (<50%) to relatively high (>90%), including flour, concentrates, and isolates.
  • 1.3K
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Juglans regia Linn.
Juglans regia Linn. belongs to the family Juglandaceae and is an aromatic transient tree that grows in abundance in the North-Western Himalayas of Kashmir that produces most of the world’s walnuts, accounting for around 88% of total walnut production.
  • 1.3K
  • 08 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Dendrobium Essential Oil
A detailed chemical composition of Dendrobium essential oil has been only reported for a few main species. This article is the first to evaluate the essential oil composition, obtained by steam distillation, of five Indian Dendrobium species: Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl., Dendrobium harveyanum Rchb.f., and Dendrobium wardianum R.Warner (section Dendrobium), Dendrobium amabile (Lour.) O’Brien, and Dendrobium chrysanthum Wall. ex Lindl. (section Densiflora). We investigate fresh flower essential oil obtained by steam distillation, by GC/FID and GC/MS. Several compounds are identified, with a peculiar distribution in the species: Saturated hydrocarbons (range 2.19–80.20%), organic acids (range 0.45–46.80%), esters (range 1.03–49.33%), and alcohols (range 0.12–22.81%). Organic acids are detected in higher concentrations in D. chrysantum, D. wardianum, and D. harveyanum (46.80%, 26.89%, and 7.84%, respectively). This class is represented by palmitic acid (13.52%, 5.76, and 7.52%) linoleic acid (D. wardianum 17.54%), and (Z)-11-hexadecenoic acid (D. chrysantum 29.22%). Esters are detected especially in species from section Dendrobium, with ethyl linolenate, methyl linoleate, ethyl oleate, and ethyl palmitate as the most abundant compounds. Alcohols are present in higher concentrations in D. chrysantum (2.4-di-tert-butylphenol, 22.81%), D. chrysotoxum (1-octanol, and 2-phenylethanol, 2.80% and 2.36%), and D. wardianum (2-phenylethanol, 4.65%). Coumarin (95.59%) is the dominant compound in D. amabile (section Densiflora) and detected in lower concentrations (range 0.19–0.54%) in other samples. These volatile compounds may represent a particular feature of these plant species, playing a critical role in interacting with pollinators.
  • 1.3K
  • 22 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Micropropagation Techniques for Rare Plant
The current investigation aimed to present an overview of the conservation of biological diversity of rare and endangered plant species. Methods of biodiversity conservation as well as several overview recommendations for the preservation of various rare species have been considered. An overview of the taxa included in the red book has been presented on the example of the Russian Federation. Global and local codes and classifiers of plant rarity were also presented. Future prospects for the conservation of biological diversity and the creation and development of bioresource collections have been considered.
  • 1.3K
  • 30 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria for Sustainable Agriculture
PGPR promotes plant growth indirectly by preventing phytopathogens by producing metabolites of antimicrobial nature; the production of enzymes such as chitinase, protease, and lipase, which enable lysis of pathogenic bacteria and fungi; and induction of systemic resistance. PGPR produces low molecular weight compounds possessing antimicrobial activity even at low concentrations. Due to these compounds, PGPRs are the first choice among biological control agents for sustainable agriculture.
  • 1.3K
  • 22 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Tetrapyrrole- and GUN1-Dependent Signaling
Tetrapyrroles are involved in various functions critical to whole organisms’ viability, including light absorption, electron transfer, and oxygen binding.  GUN1 contributes to important biological processes, including plastid protein homeostasis, through transcription, translation, and protein import.
  • 1.3K
  • 24 Feb 2021
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