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Topic Review
Heckler & Koch HK69A1
The HK69A1 is a 40 mm grenade launcher developed and produced by the German arms manufacturer Heckler & Koch (H&K). The weapon was designed to engage enemy troops and strongpoints out to a distance of 350 m; it can also be used to deploy smoke grenades and illumination flares.
  • 1.8K
  • 05 Nov 2022
Topic Review
TiO2-Based Nanostructures for Microbial Inactivation
Pathogenic microorganisms can spread throughout the world population, as the current COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically demonstrated. In this scenario, a protection against pathogens and other microorganisms can come from the use of photoactive materials as antimicrobial agents able to hinder, or at least limit, their spreading by means of photocatalytically assisted processes activated by light—possibly sunlight—promoting the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can kill microorganisms in different matrices such as water or different surfaces without affecting human health. Here, we focus the attention on TiO2 nanoparticle-based antimicrobial materials, intending to provide an overview of the most promising synthetic techniques, toward possible large-scale production, critically review the capability of such materials to promote pathogen (i.e., bacteria, virus, and fungi) inactivation, and, finally, take a look at selected technological applications.
  • 1.8K
  • 08 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Smart Glasses in Applied Sciences
Smart glasses are a type of wearable device that can be worn on the face, and they meet the original objective of enabling clearer vision in addition to functioning as a computer. Since Google released “Google Glass” in 2012, companies such as Sony, Microsoft, and Epson have launched their own smart glass products.
  • 1.8K
  • 15 Jun 2021
Topic Review
DAvE (Infineon)
DAVE (Infineon) Digital Application Virtual Engineer (DAVE), is a C/C++-language software development and code generation tool for microcontroller applications. DAVE is a standalone system with automatic code generation modules. It is suited for the development of software drivers for Infineon microcontrollers and aids the developer with automatically created C-level templates and user desired functionalities. Latest releases of DAVE include all required parts to develop code, compile and debug on the target for free (based on the ARM GCC toolsuite). Together with several low-cost development boards one can get involved in microcontroller design very easy. This makes Infineon microcontroller products also more usable to small companies and to home-use / DIY projects - similar to established products of Atmel (AVR, SAM) and Microchip (PIC, PIC32) to name a few. DAVE was developed by Infineon Technologies. Therefore, the automatic code generator supports only Infineon microcontrollers. The user also has to get used to the concept of the Eclipse IDE. The generated code can be also used on other (often non-free) development environments from Keil, Tasking and so on.
  • 1.8K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Anton Schlüter München
Anton Schlüter München (also spelled: Anton Schlueter Muenchen) was a Germany tractor manufacturer in the region of Munich, Bavaria. Amongst farmers and tractor enthusiasts, this brand is usually known simplified, as Schlüter (also spelled: Schlueter).
  • 1.8K
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Leaching
Leaching is the process of a solute becoming detached or extracted from its carrier substance by way of a solvent. Leaching is a naturally occurring process which scientists have adapted for a variety of applications with a variety of methods. Specific extraction methods depend on the soluble characteristics relative to the sorbent material such as concentration, distribution, nature, and size. Leaching can occur naturally seen from plant substances (inorganic and organic), solute leaching in soil, and in the decomposition of organic materials. Leaching can also be applied affectedly to enhance water quality and contaminant removal, as well as for disposal of hazardous waste products such as fly ash, or rare earth elements (REEs). Understanding leaching characteristics is important in preventing or encouraging the leaching process and preparing for it in the case where it is inevitable. In an ideal leaching equilibrium stage, all the solute is dissolved by the solvent, leaving the carrier of the solute unchanged. The process of leaching however is not always ideal, and can be quite complex to understand and replicate, and often different methodologies will produce different results.
  • 1.8K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
List of Gliders (L)
This is a list of gliders/sailplanes of the world, (this reference lists all gliders with references, where available) Note: Any aircraft can glide for a short time, but gliders are designed to glide for longer.
  • 1.7K
  • 18 Oct 2022
Biography
Caroline Pratt
Caroline Pratt (May 13, 1867 – June 6, 1954[1] ) was an American social thinker and progressive educational reformer whose ideas were influential in educational reform, policy, and practice.[2] Pratt is known as the founder of City and Country School in the Greenwich Village section of the borough of Manhattan in New York City ; the inventor of unit blocks;[3][4][5] and as the author of I Le
  • 1.7K
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
InN SAs for Ultrafast Lasers
New fabrication methods are strongly demanded for the development of thin-film saturable absorbers with improved optical properties (absorption band, modulation depth, nonlinear optical response). In this sense, we investigate the performance of indium nitride (InN) epitaxial layers with low residual carrier concentration (<1018 cm^-3), which results in improved performance at telecom wavelengths (1560 nm). These materials have demonstrated a huge modulation depth of 23% and a saturation fluence of 830 uJ/cm2, and a large saturable absorption around -3 x10^4 cm/GW has been observed, attaining an enhanced, nonlinear change in transmittance. We have studied the use of such InN layers as semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) for an erbium (Er)-doped fiber laser to perform mode-locking generation at 1560 nm. We demonstrate highly stable, ultrashort (134 fs) pulses with an energy of up to 5.6 nJ.a
  • 1.7K
  • 01 Dec 2020
Topic Review
SkySat
SkySat is a constellation of sub-meter resolution Earth observation satellites owned by Planet Labs, providing imagery, high-definition video and analytics services. Planet acquired the satellites with their purchase of Terra Bella (formerly Skybox Imaging), a Mountain View, California-based company founded in 2009 by Dan Berkenstock, Julian Mann, John Fenwick, and Ching-Yu Hu, from Google in 2017.
  • 1.7K
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Three-Section Staff
The three-section staff, triple staff, three-part staff, sansetsukon in Japanese, or originally sanjiegun (Chinese: 三節棍; pinyin: sānjiégùn; Jyutping: saam1 zit3 gwan3, or Chinese: 三節鞭; pinyin: sānjiébiān three-sectional whip), is a Chinese flail weapon that consists of three wooden or metal staffs connected by metal rings or rope. The weapon is also known as 蟠龍棍 panlong gun, "coiling dragon staff". A more complicated version of the two section staff, the staves can be spun to gather momentum resulting in a powerful strike, or their articulation can be used to strike over or around a shield or other defense.
  • 1.7K
  • 10 Oct 2022
Topic Review
List of Tram Track Gauges
A list of tram track gauges is given below.
  • 1.7K
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Tracking and Data Relay Satellite
File:TDRS Heart of Communication.ogv File:Tracking Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) Orbital Fleet Communicating with User Spacecraft.ogg File:Tracking Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) Orbital Fleet Communicating with User Spacecraft 2017 - 360 video.webm A tracking and data relay satellite (TDRS) is a type of communications satellite that forms part of the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) used by NASA and other United States government agencies for communications to and from independent "User Platforms" such as satellites, balloons, aircraft, the International Space Station, and remote bases like the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station. This system was designed to replace an existing worldwide network of ground stations that had supported all of NASA's crewed flight missions and uncrewed satellites in low-Earth orbits. The primary system design goal was to increase the amount of time that these spacecraft were in communication with the ground and improve the amount of data that could be transferred. These TDRSS satellites are all designed and built to be launched to and function in geosynchronous orbit, 35,786 km (22,236 mi) above the surface of the Earth. The first seven TDRSS satellites were built by the TRW corporation. The three later versions have been manufactured by the Boeing corporation's Satellite Systems division. Thirteen satellites have been launched; however, one was destroyed in the Challenger disaster. TDRS-1 was decommissioned in October 2009. TDRS-4 was decommissioned in December 2011. Ten TDRSS satellites are currently in service. All of the TDRSS satellites have been managed by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. The contract for TDRS versions L & K was awarded to Boeing on December 20, 2007. On November 30, 2011, NASA announced the decision to order an additional third-generation TDRS satellite, TDRS M.
  • 1.7K
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Tutedhara
A tutedhara (Nepali) or jahru (Newari) is a traditional drinking fountain found in Nepal. It is a water reservoir built out of stone with a tap that can be opened and closed. These structures are either free-standing or integrated into the wall of another building. They depend on a water well or a dhunge dhara to be filled. Only a few of them are in use today, but some of the stone parts have been put to other uses, and there are contemporary equivalents. The best known tutedhara is the one built into a wall in the royal palace on Kathmandu Durbar Square. It is inscribed with a poem dedicated to the goddess Kali, written in fifteen different languages.
  • 1.7K
  • 02 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Arms Control
Arms control is a term for international restrictions upon the development, production, stockpiling, proliferation and usage of small arms, conventional weapons, and weapons of mass destruction. Arms control is typically exercised through the use of diplomacy which seeks to impose such limitations upon consenting participants through international treaties and agreements, although it may also comprise efforts by a nation or group of nations to enforce limitations upon a non-consenting country.
  • 1.7K
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Post-office Box
A post-office box or post office box (commonly referred to as a P.O. box or a postal box) is a uniquely addressable lockable box located on the premises of a post office station. In some regions, particularly in Africa, there is no 'door to door' delivery of mail, for example, in Kenya. Consequently, renting a PO box has traditionally been the only way to receive mail in such countries. However, some, like Jordan, have introduced mail home delivery. Generally, post office boxes are rented from the post office either by individuals or by businesses on a basis ranging from monthly to annual, and the cost of rent varies depending on the box size. Central business district (CBD) PO boxes are usually more expensive than rural PO boxes. In the United States, the rental rate used to be uniform across the country. Now, however, a postal facility can be in any of seven fee groups by location; in addition, certain customers qualify for free box rental, usually because the Postal Service does not offer carrier-route delivery to their physical addresses. In the United Kingdom, Royal Mail PO boxes are often little more than pigeon-holes in the secure section of a sorting office and are accessible only by staff. In such cases, the renter of the PO box will be issued with a card showing the PO box number and delivery office name and must produce this to the desk staff when collecting mail. For an additional fee, the Royal Mail will deliver received items to the renter's geographical address. Some private companies (e.g., United Parcel Service (UPS) and commercial mail receiving agencies) also offer similar services of renting a mailbox in a public location. The difference with an official PO box is that mail sent there is addressed to a street address (along with the box number), instead of just addressed to "PO Box CSX".
  • 1.7K
  • 08 Oct 2022
Biography
Ellison Onizuka
Ellison Shoji Onizuka (鬼塚 承次, Onizuka Shōji, June 24, 1946 – January 28, 1986) was an American astronaut from Kealakekua, Hawaii, who successfully flew into space with the Space Shuttle Discovery on STS-51-C. He died in the destruction of the Space Shuttle Challenger, on which he was serving as Mission Specialist for mission STS-51-L. He was the first Asian American and the first per
  • 1.7K
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Twelve Principles of Green Tribology
Sustainability has become of paramount importance, as evidenced by the increasing number of norms and regulations concerning various sectors. Due to its intrinsic trans-sectorial nature, tribology has drawn the attention of the supporters of sustainability. This discipline allows the environmental, economic, and social impacts to be decreased in a wide range of applications following the same strategies. In 2010, Nosonovsky and Bhushan drew up 12 approaches based on the 12 principles of green chemistry and the 12 principles of green engineering, defining the “12 principles of green tribology.”
  • 1.7K
  • 01 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Ion Transport of Two-Dimensional Materials
Ion transport is one of the basic principles of the development of various different technologies that can improve the quality of our lives, such as the ever-growing importance of clean and sustainable energy, the reduction of water scarcity and even the improvement of fundamental medical application knowledge. Ion transport can be defined as the movement of charged ions from one position to another in ion electrolyte solutions within both organic (living cells) and inorganic (polymer materials) systems. Ion transport can be encouraged through various mechanisms such as electrochemical diffusion, ion active transport requiring external energy or bulk transport for the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and energy consumption in biological functions.
  • 1.7K
  • 27 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Sod Roof
A sod roof, or turf roof, is a traditional Scandinavian type of green roof covered with sod on top of several layers of birch bark on gently sloping wooden roof boards. Until the late 19th century, it was the most common roof on rural log houses in Norway and large parts of the rest of Scandinavia. Its distribution roughly corresponds to the distribution of the log building technique in the vernacular architecture of Finland and the Scandinavian peninsula. The load of approximately 250 kg per m² of a sod roof is an advantage because it helps to compress the logs and make the walls more draught-proof. In winter the total load may well increase to 400 or 500 kg per m² because of snow. Sod is also a reasonably efficient insulator in a cold climate. The birch bark underneath ensures that the roof will be waterproof. The term ‘sod roof’ is somewhat misleading, as the active, water-tight element of the roof is birch bark. The main purpose of the sod is to hold the birch bark in place. The roof might just as well have been called a "birch bark roof", but its grassy outward appearance is the reason for its name in Scandinavian languages: Norwegian and Swedish torvtak, Icelandic torfþak. A sod roof is well suited to the dynamics of a barter economy because the materials are ubiquitous and cost nothing, although the work is labour-intensive. However, a typical household in the era that sod roofs were most common would usually possess a lot of manpower, and neighbours would typically be invited to take part in the roofing party, similar to a barn raising in the United States . The Norwegian term dugnad denotes an established custom in rural communities, where large undertakings were accomplished with help from neighbours.
  • 1.7K
  • 29 Sep 2022
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