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Topic Review
Microbes Producing Exopolysaccharides
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs), e.g., xanthan, dextran, gellan, curdlan, etc., have significant applications in several industries (pharma, food, textiles, petroleum, etc.) due to their biocompatibility, nontoxicity, and functional characteristics. Exopolysaccharides are produced by diverse microorganisms, including yeasts, fungi, and bacteria, utilizing various raw materials.
  • 1.2K
  • 25 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Proteomics Techniques for Biomarker Discovery in Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease, a devastating neurodegenerative disorder, poses a significant challenge for early diagnosis and treatment. In the quest to uncover biomarkers that could aid in early detection, proteomics techniques have emerged as powerful tools with immense potential.
  • 1.2K
  • 03 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Bluetongue Virus Vector Vaccines
In this work, we show a deep revision of the viral vector vaccines that have been developed to counteract bluetongue virus (BTV), an arthropod-borne disease that whips domestic and wild ruminants. We analyzed the main advantages and disadvantages of every of them, as well as the immunological features and efficacy that these candidates provided in both murine models and natural hosts.
  • 1.2K
  • 08 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Cell-Free Protein Synthesis of Unspecific Peroxygenases
Unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs, EC 1.11.2.1) are fungal biocatalysts that have attracted considerable interest for application in chemical syntheses due to their ability to selectively incorporate peroxide-oxygen into non-activated hydrocarbons. However, the number of available and characterized UPOs is limited, as it is difficult to produce these enzymes in homologous or hetero-logous expression systems.
  • 1.2K
  • 07 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Value-Added Polyhydroxyalkanoates
The synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), a bioplastic that can be used to replace traditional (petrol-based) plastics, is an important focus in today’s politically and environmentally conscious society. 
  • 1.2K
  • 19 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Bacterial Membrane Vesicles as Smart Drug Delivery Systems
Bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) are known to be critical communication tools in several pathophysiological processes between bacteria and host cells. Given this situation, BMVs for transporting and delivering exogenous therapeutic cargoes have been inspiring as promising platforms for developing smart drug delivery systems (SDDSs).
  • 1.2K
  • 15 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Applications of Bio-Pigments Synthesized by Marine Bacteria
Marine bacterial species contribute to a significant part of the oceanic population, which substantially produces biologically effectual moieties having various medical and industrial applications. The use of marine-derived bacterial pigments displays a snowballing effect, being natural, environmentally safe, and health beneficial compounds. Marine-derived bacterial pigments serve as valuable products in the food, pharmaceutical, textile, and cosmetic industries due to their beneficial attributes, including anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities. Biodegradability and higher environmental compatibility further strengthen the use of marine bio-pigments over artificially acquired colored molecules. Besides that, hazardous effects associated with the consumption of synthetic colors further substantiated the use of marine dyes as color additives in industries as well. 
  • 1.2K
  • 10 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Nanoparticles prevent arbovirus infection
Nanomedicine is a new and emerging research subject that aims to use nanotechnology with the pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences. The use of nanoparticles to develop new vaccines, diagnostic tests, and treatments for infectious diseases is a new alternative to solve important problems in some diseases caused by viruses. Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are a significant public health problem worldwide. Nanoparticles have been widely explored as new vaccine platforms, and vaccination is considered one of the most effective ways to control arbovirus diseases in the human population.  
  • 1.2K
  • 25 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Exosomes Derived from Tumor
Exosomes are lipid membrane-enclosed vesicles released by all cell types that act at the paracrine or endocrine level to favor cell differentiation, tissue homeostasis, organ remodeling, and immune regulation. Their biosynthesis begins with a cell membrane invagination which generates an early endosome that matures to a late endosome. By inward budding of the late endosome membrane, a multivesicular body (MVB) with intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) is generated. The fusion of MVBs with the plasma membrane releases ILVs into the extracellular space as exosomes, ranging in size from 30 to 100 nm in diameter. The bilipid exosome membrane is rich in cholesterol, ceramides, and phosphatidylserine and can be loaded with DNA, RNA, microRNAs, proteins, and lipids. It has been demonstrated that exosome secretion is a common mechanism used by the tumor to generate an immunosuppressive microenvironment that favors cancer development and progression, allowing tumor escape from immune control. 
  • 1.2K
  • 19 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Applications of Serine Integrases in Synthetic Biology
Serine integrases are emerging as one of the most powerful biological tools for biotechnology. With the fast development of synthetic biology, serine integrases have been used as one of the powerful genetic tools with their unique features of site-specific, orthogonality, irreversibility, high affinity, and high efficiency. Serine integrases are widely used in diverse ways, including genome engineering, biological part and genetic circuit design, and DNA assembly. Moreover, serine integrases also advance multidisciplinary research such as chemical engineering, materials science and engineering, and biomedical engineering.
  • 1.2K
  • 13 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Valuable Biochemicals from Red Microalgae
Red microalgae represent a natural reservoir of beneficial substances with applications in different industrial sectors. They are rich in natural biomolecules known for their antihypertensive, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and anticoagulant activities. Many red microalgae are a source of vitamins, minerals, photochemicals, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and a wide spectrum of polysaccharides. The content of their valuable compounds and their activities have turned red microalgae into cellular factories of special interest in food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. 
  • 1.2K
  • 09 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence in Fluorescent Nanodiamonds Biomedical Imaging
The ability to precisely monitor the intracellular temperature directly contributes to the essential understanding of biological metabolism, intracellular signaling, thermogenesis, and respiration. The intracellular heat generation and its measurement can also assist in the prediction of the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. Intracellular thermometry without altering the biochemical reactions and cellular membrane damage is challenging, requiring appropriately biocompatible, nontoxic, and efficient biosensors. Bright, photostable, and functionalized fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) have emerged as excellent probes for intracellular thermometry and magnetometry with the spatial resolution on a nanometer scale. The temperature and magnetic field-dependent luminescence of naturally occurring defects in diamonds are key to high-sensitivity biosensing applications. Alterations in the surface chemistry of FNDs and conjugation with polymer, metallic, and magnetic nanoparticles have opened vast possibilities for drug delivery, diagnosis, nanomedicine, and magnetic hyperthermia. The possibilities and outcomes of using AI strategies recommended for early stage disease diagnosis and imaging are discuessed. 
  • 1.2K
  • 18 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Protein-protein Interactions
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are involved in all aspects of cellular functions. The identification and characterisation of PPIs are essential for understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate biological systems and for guiding drug design programs. PPIs can modify the kinetic properties of enzymes, form new binding sites, control the localisation, and change the specificity, among others. The spatial arrangement of protein complexes is determined by the composition of the amino acid of the proteins involved, their concentration, and the free energy of the complex. 
  • 1.2K
  • 11 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Antibodies of Varicella-Zoster Virus
Infection with the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes chickenpox and shingles, which lead to significant morbidity and mortality globally. The detection of serum VZV-specific antibodies is important for the clinical diagnosis and sero-epidemiological research of VZV infection, and for assessing the effect of VZV vaccine immunization.
  • 1.2K
  • 19 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) is a growing global health threat, leading to the search for alternative strategies to combat bacterial infections. Phytochemicals, which are naturally occurring compounds found in plants, have shown potential as antimicrobial agents. The use of nanotechnology combined with antibacterial phytochemicals could help achieve greater antibacterial capacity against ARB by providing improved mechanical, physicochemical, biopharmaceutical, bioavailability, morphological or release properties.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Lactic Acid Bacteria in Dairy Foods
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are regarded as ‘Generally Recognized as Safe’ (GRAS) and are commonly used in the dairy industry and also form part of the microbiota of the human intestine. LAB play a significant role in biopreservation because they produce a variety of antimicrobial metabolites during the development and fermentation processes. The use of antimicrobial-producing LAB in the production of dairy products, which can be incorporated into fermented or nonfermented dairy products, implies a processing advantage to improve the safety and quality of dairy products, providing an additional barrier against foodborne diseases. Among the most common antimicrobials are bacteriocins, which are ribosomally produced antimicrobial peptides. They can kill or inhibit undesirable bacterial strains, whether closely related or not, without harming themselves. This ability is especially relevant in the food industry. Notably, many LAB bacteriocins, including those derived from such bacteria, have shown efficacy against Listeria monocytogenes, a significant concern in traditional cheeses made from raw milk.
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Production Process on Organoleptic Profile of Industrial Beers
Beer is one of the most popular and commonly consumed alcoholic beverages worldwide. However, a remarkable transition has been taking place regarding consumersʹ preference for traditional ‘tasteless’ beers, to more complex craft beers, with a growing quota of consumers being interested in new beer styles that exhibit novel sensory characteristics. In addition, a growing consumer segment, comprising people between 21 and 30 years old, seems to be interested in new beer tastes and is willing to pay for these tasty beers, even if more expensive. For this reason, brewers and researchers are investigating the use of alternative raw materials and processing conditions over the different stages of beer brewing so that its organoleptic profile is enhanced.
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Heavy Metal Stress Signalling
The mining of heavy metals from the environment leads to an increase in soil pollution, leading to the uptake of heavy metals into plant tissue. The build-up of toxic metals in plant cells often leads to cellular damage and senescence. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to produce plants with improved tolerance to heavy metals for food security, as well as to limit heavy metal uptake for improved food safety purposes.
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Mechanism of Microalgal Symbiosis
Microalgae have been considered a promising and sustainable candidate for wastewater treatment and valuable bioproducts, such as feedstocks for food, nutrients, and energy. However, many challenging bottlenecks, such as low biomass productivity, expensive biomass harvesting techniques, and inefficient extraction of biofuels restrict its large-scale commercial production. Symbiotic relationships between microalgae and bacteria, also known as microalgal consortia, have proven to be effective solutions for mitigating technical and economic limitations. 
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Cell Therapy in Liver Fibrosis
Fibrosis is a common feature in most pathogenetic processes in the liver, and usually results from a chronic insult that depletes the regenerative capacity of hepatocytes and activates multiple inflammatory pathways, recruiting resident and circulating immune cells, endothelial cells, non-parenchymal hepatic stellate cells, and fibroblasts, which become activated and lead to excessive extracellular matrix accumulation. 
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Jan 2022
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