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Topic Review
ODB (C++)
ODB is an object-relational mapping (ORM) system for the C++ language. It allows an application developer to persist C++ objects to a relational database without having to deal with tables, columns, or SQL and without manually writing any mapping code. ODB supports C++98/03 and C++11 language standards and comes with optional profiles for Boost and Qt which allow an application developer to seamlessly use value types (data-time, string, binary, uuid, etc.), containers, and smart pointers from these libraries in persistent C++ classes. ODB is free software and is dual-licensed under the GPL and a proprietary license. One notable difference between ODB and other ORM implementations for C++ is its automatic generation of the database mapping code and, optionally, the database schema from the C++ headers that declare the classes. This task is performed by the ODB compiler. The ODB compiler is a real C++ compiler except that instead of producing assembly or machine code, it generates portable C++ which can in turn be compiled by any C++ compiler. The ODB compiler uses the GCC compiler front-end for C++ parsing and is implemented using the new GCC plugin architecture. The ODB compiler also provides comprehensive support for database schema evolution, including fully automatic schema migration, support for immediate and gradual data migration, as well as support for soft model changes. The latter feature allows one to work with multiple schema versions using the same C++ classes. The other components of the ODB system include the common runtime library (libodb) and the database-specific runtime libraries (for example, libodb-mysql). The common runtime library defines object-oriented database interfaces that are used by the application developer to perform various database operations on persistent objects. The database-specific runtimes implement these interfaces for concrete database systems and provide support functionality for the generated database mapping code. To achieve high performance, low overhead, and reliability ODB does not use common database APIs, such as ODBC, to access the relational database. Rather, each database-specific runtime library uses low-level, native C APIs that are specific to each database. ODB currently supports the MySQL, SQLite, PostgreSQL, Oracle, and SQL Server databases. Bulk/batch operations are supported for Oracle and SQL Server. The application can also use multiple databases (for example, MySQL, SQLite, etc.) at the same time. Multi-database support comes in the static and dynamic flavors with the latter allowing the application to dynamically load the database support code for individual database if and when necessary. ODB is not a framework. There is no common base type that all persistent classes should derive from nor are there any restrictions on the data member types in persistent classes. Existing classes can be made persistent with a few or no modifications. ODB is also flexible in the level of insulation it provides to the application developer. It can either completely hide the relational nature of the underlying database or expose some of the details as required.
  • 1.5K
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Water Quality Monitoring System Using LoRaWAN
For effective process monitoring and enhanced control in wide areas, reliable and accurate real-time measuring is essential. LoRa, a low-power, wide-area network modulation technology (LPWAN), refers to long-range data communications. LoRa allows for long-range communications of up to three miles or five kilometers in urban areas and up to ten miles or 15 km in rural areas. The ultra-low power requirements of LoRa-based systems are a crucial feature, allowing for the design of battery-operated devices that can last up to 10 years. A star network based on the open LoRaWAN protocol is suitable for an implementation scheme that needs long-range or deep in-building communication.
  • 1.5K
  • 29 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Green Wireless Sensor Networks
The issue of energy balancing in Wireless Sensor Networks is a pivotal one, crucial in their deployment. This problem can be subdivided in three areas: (i) energy conservation techniques, usually implying minimizing the cost of communication at the nodes since it is known that the radio is the biggest consumer of the available energy; (ii) energy-harvesting techniques, converting energy from not full-time available environmental sources and usually storing it; and (iii) energy transfer techniques, sharing energy resources from one node (either specialized or not) to another one.
  • 1.5K
  • 01 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing (CC) provides a combination of technologies that allows the user to use the most resources in the least amount of time and with the least amount of money. CC semantics play a critical role in ranking heterogeneous data by using the properties of different cloud services and then achieving the optimal cloud service. Regardless of the efforts made to enable simple access to this CC innovation, in the presence of various organizations delivering comparative services at varying cost and execution levels, it is far more difficult to identify the ideal cloud service based on the user’s requirements.
  • 1.5K
  • 22 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Digital Village Implementations
Digital village is a social entity concept formed by community awareness, and a desire to think beyond and build a new form of cooperation and alliances using advanced digital technologies. It is not only incorporating digitalization into the village, but also forming a social entity that can address the problems existing within the village.
  • 1.5K
  • 17 May 2023
Topic Review
Smart Parking Management Systems
Urbanization, which causes the need for population mobility, leads to an increase in motorization and related problems: the organization of parking spaces in cities, both near work places and recreational spaces, and not far from residential locations. This has a number of consequences. Therefore, the occupation of parking spaces near shopping centers and sports and recreation facilities, intended only for customers of these organizations, makes it difficult for direct customers to access services. This forces potential customers to look for a parking space in adjacent areas, often far from the target location. At the same time, the search for a parking space is stretched over time, negatively affecting the environment in the form of emissions and noise. On the other hand, there is a risk of losing a client. Using simulation models to find rational options for the organization of access to parking spaces and further using such models in decision support systems (DSS) as an intellectual core may solve this problem. 
  • 1.5K
  • 02 Nov 2022
Topic Review
List of Protein Subcellular Localization Prediction Tools
This list of protein subcellular localisation prediction tools includes software, databases, and web services that are used for protein subcellular localization prediction. Some tools are included that are commonly used to infer location through predicted structural properties, such as signal peptide or transmembrane helices, and these tools output predictions of these features rather than specific locations. These software related to protein structure prediction may also appear in lists of protein structure prediction software.
  • 1.4K
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Smart Hospitals and IoT Sensors: The Healthcare Future
Hospitals are already adopting sensor devices of many types to monitor medical processes. Patients and medical staff can now wear sensors that provide movement and health conditions information in near-real time. Additionally, many sensors can monitor physical settings generating information about the environment and medical equipment. This set of sensors has the potential to provide information to support decision-making processes and medical data analytics. Internet of Things (IoT) is spreading among several areas, paving the way to a new industrial revolution.
  • 1.4K
  • 20 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Digital Reconstruction of Fragmented Cultural Heritage Assets
The most peculiar characteristic of a cultural heritage is represented by its uniqueness. To ensure that an object is preserved against environmental deterioration, vandal attacks, and accidents, modern Cultural Heritage documentation involves 3D scanning technologies. In the case of fragmented artifacts, the digitization process represents an essential prerequisite for facilitating an accurate 3D reconstruction.
  • 1.4K
  • 25 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Optical Fiber Sensors and Sensing Networks
Optical fiber sensors present several advantages in relation to other types of sensors. These advantages are essentially related to the optical fiber properties, i.e., small, lightweight, resistant to high temperatures and pressure, electromagnetically passive, among others. Sensing is achieved by exploring the properties of light to obtain measurements of parameters, such as temperature, strain, or angular velocity. In addition, optical fiber sensors can be used to form an Optical Fiber Sensing Network (OFSN) allowing manufacturers to create versatile monitoring solutions with several applications, e.g., periodic monitoring along extensive distances (kilometers), in extreme or hazardous environments, inside structures and engines, in clothes, and for health monitoring and assistance.
  • 1.3K
  • 03 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Personalization and Games
Personalizing gameful systems to each user is important because personalized interactive systems are more effective than one-size-fits-all approaches. It requires a dynamic adaptation to the user’s behaviors in response to any situation. This approach offers users system-tailored content and services, developing content and functionality for each need based on the user’s characteristics.
  • 1.2K
  • 16 May 2022
Topic Review
Geant4-DNA Modeling of Water Radiolysis
In this work, we use the next sub-volume method (NSM) to investigate the possibility of using the compartment-based (“on-lattice”) model to simulate water radiolysis.
  • 1.2K
  • 24 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Digital Transformation in Energy Sector and Power Industry
Digital transformation is a phenomenon introduced by the transformative power of digital technologies, and it has become a key driver for the energy sector, with advancements in technology leading to significant changes in the way energy is produced, transmitted, and consumed. The impact of digital transformation on the energy sector is profound, with benefits such as improved efficiency, cost reduction, and enhanced customer experience.
  • 1.2K
  • 10 May 2023
Topic Review Video
Metaverse-Related Technologies and Applications
The definition of the Metaverse is a virtual space where users can interact with one another, and with their environment, via 3D digital objects and virtual avatars, in a complex manner that mimics the real world, holding things developed using artificial intelligence techniques; therefore, creating digital humans is essential to the development of the Metaverse and other Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), Extended Reality (XR) applications.
  • 1.2K
  • 05 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Journalistic Knowledge Platform
A Journalistic Knowledge Platform (JKP) is an information system that employ artificial intelligence and big data techniques such as machine learning and knowledge graphs to manage and support the knowledge work needed in all stages of news production. JKPs automate the process of annotating metadata and support daily workflows like news production, archiving, monitoring, management and distribution. JKPs harvest and analyse news and social media information over the net in real time, leverage encyclopaedic sources, and provide journalists with both meaningful background knowledge and newsworthy information. JKPs can provide a digitalisation path towards reduced production costs and improved information quality while adapting the current workflows of newsrooms to new forms of journalism and readers’ demands.
  • 1.2K
  • 20 Jun 2022
Topic Review
IoT Adoption Direct Benefit for Organizations
The Internet of Things (IoT) ushered in a new industrial revolution, the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0), resulting in radical changes across all industries. IoT has differentiated itself from other technologies by incorporating smart features that enable it to sense, collect, communicate, and analyze massive amounts of data from various internal and external sources across a global network. These IoT features offer numerous benefits to organizations and make IoT critical to business success in the coming years.
  • 1.2K
  • 13 May 2022
Topic Review
Underwater Communication Protocols
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) have recently established themselves as an extremely interesting area of research thanks to the mysterious qualities of the ocean. The UWSN consists of sensor nodes and vehicles working to collect data and complete tasks. The battery capacity of sensor nodes is quite limited, which means that the UWSN network needs to be as efficient as it can possibly be. It is difficult to connect with or update a communication that is taking place underwater due to the high latency in propagation, the dynamic nature of the network, and the likelihood of introducing errors. This makes it difficult to communicate with or update a communication.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 May 2023
Topic Review
Data-Driven Production Logistics
A data-driven approach in production logistics is adopted as a response to challenges such as low visibility and system rigidity. within data-driven production logistics, data is the backbone of the system and all the components are bound together with data. Any decision is made based on data rather than intuition or even experience. All production logistics related activities are supported by data, which is constantly collected from data sources such as machines, human resources, sensors, actuators, etc. A data-driven approach facilitates transition towards a smart, autonomous production logistics system.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Agent-Based Models and Simulations Tools
Agent-based models (ABMs) are one of the most effective and successful methods for analyzing real-world complex systems by investigating how modeling interactions on the individual level (i.e., micro-level) leads to the understanding of emergent phenomena on the system level (i.e., macro-level). ABMs represent an interdisciplinary approach to examining complex systems, and the heterogeneous background of ABM users demands comprehensive, easy-to-use, and efficient environments to develop ABM simulations. Many tools, frameworks, and libraries exist, each with its characteristics and objectives.
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Suitability of NB-IoT
Narrow-Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) shares among the challenges faced by Internet of Things (IoT) and its applications in industrial settings are set to bring in the fourth industrial revolution. The industrial environment consisting of high profile manufacturing plants and a variety of equipment is inherently characterized by high reflectiveness, causing significant multi-path components that affect the propagation of wireless communications—a challenge among others that needs to be resolved. The suitability of NB-IoT for industrial applications is therewith explained.
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Aug 2021
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