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Topic Review
Extraction of Protein from Agricultural Waste
Protein is the link of amino acids bonded by peptide bonds forming the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure of the protein. Regardless of the superiority of the protein quantity in animals compared to plants, plant-derived protein has become one of the alternative options in overcoming the increasing environmental issue due to the mass production in the agricultural sector. Plant-derived protein is now receiving attention for its functionality as a sustainable protein source. In recent years, downstream bioprocessing industries are venturing into less tedious, simple, and high-efficiency separation by implementing advanced purification and extraction methods. The separation of proteins, with the main focus on amylase as an enzyme from industrial agriculture waste using various techniques of extraction, is being discussed further.
  • 1.9K
  • 01 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Agricultural Electrostatic Spraying
Agricultural electrostatic spraying technology is superior to non-electrostatic spraying technology. Electrostatic droplets have better “adhesion, penetration, and encircling ability” in crops. Electrostatic spraying technology is used to charge droplets to induce an electric field on the surface of the crop leaves, thus adsorbing electrostatic droplets and achieving directional movement of the charged droplets.
  • 1.9K
  • 03 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Ground Autonomous Vehicles for Agriculture
The available autonomous ground platforms developed by universities and research groups that were specifically designed to handle agricultural tasks was performed. As cost reduction and safety improvements are two of the most critical aspects for farmers, the development of autonomous vehicles can be of major interest, especially for those applications that are lacking in terms of mechanization improvements.
  • 1.8K
  • 22 Aug 2022
Topic Review
De-Handing Technologies for Banana Postharvest Operations
Bananas are the largest fruit crop in terms of planting area and trade volume in the world. Banana planting is mainly concentrated in developing countries in tropical and subtropical regions such as China, Brazil, India, Ecuador and the Philippines where it provides one of the main sources of income for farmers. The harvest and postharvest operations in bananas primarily include field picking, ropeway transportation, de-handing, cleaning and disinfecting, and packaging and distributing to grocery outlets. With the development and advancement of mechanization, automation and intelligent technologies, the production efficiency of banana farmers has been greatly improved. Currently, various operations in banana postharvest operations have been mechanized to varying degrees; however, the de-handing operation still relies on manual labor.
  • 1.7K
  • 21 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Solar-Powered Plant Protection Equipment
Solar photovoltaic (PV) devices present a positive approach to sustainable crop production by reducing crop loss in various ways. This might result in the extensive use of PV devices in the near future. PV-based plant protection equipment/devices are primarily utilized in protecting crops from birds, weeds, or insects. The utilization of PV systems for different applications constitutes a new era in agriculture, horticulture, and forest sectors. A PV system is a potential alternative, offering more opportunities in operating different types of electricity-based agricultural equipment. The development of devices with simple construction/operation for plant protection may work well on small-scale farms.
  • 1.7K
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Computer Vision and Convolutional Neural Networks
Computer vision (CV) combined with a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) has emerged as a reliable analytical method to effectively characterize and quantify high-throughput phenotyping of different grain crops, including rice, wheat, corn, and soybean. In addition to the ability to rapidly obtain information on plant organs and abiotic stresses, and the ability to segment crops from weeds, such techniques have been used to detect pests and plant diseases and to identify grain varieties. The development of corresponding imaging systems to assess the phenotypic parameters, yield, and quality of crop plants will increase the confidence of stakeholders in grain crop cultivation, thereby bringing technical and economic benefits to advanced agriculture.
  • 1.7K
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Pomegranate
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a fruit that is rich in bioactive compounds that has a biowaste (rind and seed) with the potential to be converted into value-added products in a wide variety of applications. Recent studies have demonstrated the potent antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of using pomegranate rind and seed as natural food additives, thus making researchers incorporate them into bioplastics and edible coatings for food packaging. Additionally, these components have shown great plasticizing effects on packaging materials while extending the shelf life of food through active packaging. Even within skin health applications, pomegranate seed oil and its bioactive compounds have been particularly effective in combating UV-induced stresses on animal skin and in-vitro models, where cells and microorganisms are separated from the whole organism. They have also aided in healing wounds and have shown major anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-bacterial properties.
  • 1.6K
  • 12 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Agriculture
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is a natural process of changing atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into a simple soluble nontoxic form (NH4+ primarily) which is used by plant cell for synthesis of various biomolecules. Nitrogen fixation is one of the major sources of nitrogen for plants and a key step distributing this nutrient in the ecosystem. Optimization of BNF is critical to sustain both food production and environmental health. 
  • 1.6K
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Architectural Design and Structural Analysis for Steel–Glass Structures
It is well known that finite element analysis (FEA) is a powerful tool when it comes to the design and analysis of complex structures for various load combinations, including light steel curve members. FEA simulations can provide valuable insights into the behaviour of light steel curved members under different load combinations. This enables designers to optimise designs for strength, safety, and cost-effectiveness. Using two commercial 3D software programs, Rhino 7 and Strand7, to complete the FEA simulation of light steel curved members.
  • 1.6K
  • 09 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Innovations and Emerging Cooling Technologies for Greenhouses
The climate control inside the greenhouse constitutes an efficient methodology for maintaining a satisfactory environment that fulfills the requirements of high-yield crops and reduced energy and water resource consumption. In hot climates, the cooling systems, which are assisted by an effective control technique, constitute a suitable path for maintaining an appropriate climate inside the greenhouse, where the required temperature and humidity distribution is maintained.
  • 1.5K
  • 11 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Avocado Peel Extracts in Topical Formulations
The avocado fruit, a derivative of the avocado tree of botanical name Persea americana Mill.. Avocado peel is a cheap and promising option for the retrieval of phenolic compounds, and it was reported that this by-product possesses higher total phenolic content, radical scavenging capacity, and antioxidant activity compared to the pulp. These results highlight the possibility of obtaining sustainable cosmetics, reducing significantly the negative impacts on the environment by the incorporation of extracts sourced from the avocado peel, an  interesting source of phenolic compounds, abundant and low-cost by-product.
  • 1.5K
  • 18 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Food Supply Chain Enchanced by Industry 5.0 Technologies
The consequences of a crisis for a society depend on the level of society preparedness for the crisis, infrastructure in place, and training and skills of people engaged. The technologies (e.g., IoE, CC, blockchain, AI, DT, and 6G) of Industry 5.0 are yet to be fully explored and exploited in ensuring the resilience and sustainability of food systems. Therefore, this research sketches out a complete concept of a food system using Industry 5.0 technologies, and the main focus has been given to the use of 6G, AI, blockchain, and digital twin (DT) at different processes from production to distribution and retail to help optimize the food supply chain and thwart any possible disruption thereof.
  • 1.4K
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
IoT-Enabled Smart Agriculture
The growth of the global population coupled with a decline in natural resources, farmland, and the increase in unpredictable environmental conditions leads to food security is becoming a major concern for all nations worldwide. These problems are motivators that are driving the agricultural industry to transition to smart agriculture with the application of the Internet of Things (IoT) and big data solutions to improve operational efficiency and productivity. The IoT integrates a series of existing state-of-the-art solutions and technologies, such as wireless sensor networks, cognitive radio ad hoc networks, cloud computing, big data, and end-user applications. IoT is defined as the network of all objects that are embedded within devices, sensors, machines, software and people through the Internet environment to communicate, exchange information and interact in order to provide a comprehensive solution between the real world and the virtual world.
  • 1.4K
  • 01 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Deep Learning-based Fault Diagnosis of Electric Motors
Electric motors are used extensively in numerous industries, and their failure can result not only in machine damage but also a slew of other issues, such as financial loss, injuries, etc. As a result, there is a significant scope to use robust fault diagnosis technology. In recent years, interesting research results on fault diagnosis for electric motors have been documented. Deep learning in the fault detection of electric equipment has shown comparatively better results than traditional approaches because of its more powerful and sophisticated feature extraction capabilities.
  • 1.4K
  • 09 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Solar Energy Potential and Solar Irrigation in Pakistan
Pakistan faces water scarcity and high operational costs for traditional irrigation systems, hindering agricultural productivity. Solar-powered irrigation systems (SPIS) can potentially provide a sustainable and affordable solution, but face technical, financial and policy barriers to adoption. 
  • 1.3K
  • 06 May 2023
Topic Review
Robotics and Agriculture
The world’s population is steadily increasing, necessitating an increased food supply. According to Sylvestere, agricultural production, particularly field agriculture, must increase by 70% by 2050, when the global population is predicted to exceed 9 billion people. Simultaneously, increased agricultural activity leads to the waste and exploitation of irrigation water, fertiliser, and other phytosanitary products, compromising environmental sustainability and farmers’ profits. The employment of robots in agriculture appears to be a potential option in the context of precision agriculture since it enables repetitive labour to be accomplished without losing precision throughout the working day. This sort of application is growing in popularity in robotics research, and a variety of robots are now available for purchase. 
  • 1.3K
  • 25 Jul 2022
Topic Review
3D Printed Electromagnetic Vibration Harvesters
Energy harvesting is the utilisation of ambient energy in order to power electronics such as wireless sensor nodes (WSN) or wearables without the need of batteries. This allows to operate the node over a much longer time period compared to battery-powered devices along with lower maintenance efforts. Furthermore, the low-maintenance requirements allow to operate these WSNs in environments with limited or no accessibility.
  • 1.3K
  • 05 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Phenolic Compounds
Phenolic compounds are phytochemicals with functions in pigmentation, astringency, protection against ultraviolet rays and antioxidant activity, being widely found in natural sources such as fruits, teas, spices, wine and honey. These compounds have received much attention in recent decades due to evidence related to positive health effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antithrombotic, vasodilatory and cardioprotective activity, contributing to the improvement in metabolic markers associated with diabetes, hypertension and obesity.
  • 1.2K
  • 30 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Natural Coagulants for Pharmaceutical Removal from Wastewater
Pharmaceutical contamination threatens both humans and the environment, and several technologies have been adapted for the removal of pharmaceuticals. The coagulation-flocculation process demonstrates a feasible solution for pharmaceutical removal. However, the chemical coagulation process has its drawbacks, such as excessive and toxic sludge production and high production cost. To overcome these shortcomings, the feasibility of natural-based coagulants, due to their biodegradability, safety, and availability, has been investigated by several researchers.
  • 1.2K
  • 30 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Sensing and Automation Technologies for Ornamental Crops
The ornamental crop industry is an important contributor to the economy in the United States. The industry has been facing challenges due to continuously increasing labor and agricultural input costs. Sensing and automation technologies have been introduced to reduce labor requirements and to ensure efficient management operations. Applications of sensors, computer vision, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), Internet-of-Things (IoT), and robotic technologies are reported. Some advanced technologies, including 3D cameras, enhanced deep learning models, edge computing, radio-frequency identification (RFID), and integrated robotics used for other cropping systems, are also discussed as potential prospects. Advanced sensing, AI and robotic technologies are critically needed for the nursery crop industry. Adapting these current and future innovative technologies will benefit growers working towards sustainable ornamental nursery crop production.
  • 1.2K
  • 15 Feb 2023
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