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Topic Review
Probiotics and Photobiomodulation
Multiple interconditioning between photobiomodulation (PBM), probiotics, and the human microbiota, their effects on the human body, and their implications for the management of viral infectious diseases is essential. Coupled complex PBM and probiotic interventions can control the microbiome, improve the activity of the immune system, and save the lives of people with immune imbalances. 
  • 1.5K
  • 20 May 2021
Topic Review
Colistin Resistance in Bacteria
Colistin is an old polypeptide antibiotic of the group E, discovered in 1947 by Y. Koyama from Paenibacillus polymyxa subspecies colistinus cultures. It is a bactericidal, narrow-spectrum molecule directed against most GNB, but ineffective against Gram-positive bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, and mycoplasmas.
  • 1.4K
  • 21 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is an advanced technique that uses minimum fragmented ions from complex molecules for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis (tissue profiling by mass spectrometry). It is able to analyze spatially resolved tissue or tumor sections at the molecular level. It has become a valuable tool for tumor and tissue imaging, due to its ease of operation and high mass resolution, but it still has vast room for development in the instrumentation of larger proteins in some tissues. 
  • 1.4K
  • 23 Mar 2022
Biography
Tanvir Rahman
Dr. Md. Tanvir Rahman is a Professor in the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science at Bangladesh Agricultural University. He is also an Adjunct Visiting Professor of Xinxiang University, Henan, China. Dr. Rahman completed DVM from Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) in 1993. Later he completed MSc and PhD from University of Guelph, Canada and University of War
  • 1.4K
  • 20 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is systemic mycosis caused by fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides. This disease is endemic in Latin America that mainly affects workers in rural areas and causes some degree of disability for working-age people. For people who develop symptoms, PCM usually affects the  lungs, skin, mucous membranes, lymph nodes, and internal organs. Paracoccidioides spp. are thermally dimorphic fungi that present infective mycelia at 25 °C and differentiate into pathogenic yeast forms at 37 °C. 
  • 1.4K
  • 14 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Klebsiella pneumoniae in Clinical Settings and the Environment
The increasing reports of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae have emerged as a public health concern, raising questions about the potential routes for the evolution and dissemination of the pathogenic K. pneumoniae into environmental reservoirs. Potential drivers of the increased incidence of antimicrobial-resistant environmental K. pneumoniae include the eminent global climatic variations as a direct or indirect effect of human activities. 
  • 1.4K
  • 16 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Drug-Resistance of Candida glabrata
Candida glabrata is a yeast of increasing medical relevance, particularly in critically ill patients. It is the second most isolated Candida species associated with invasive candidiasis (IC) behind C. albicans. The attributed higher incidence is primarily due to an increase in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) population, cancer, and diabetic patients. The elderly population and the frequent use of indwelling medical devices are also predisposing factors.
  • 1.4K
  • 30 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Quorum-Sensing Inhibitors from Probiotics
Experience-based knowledge has shown that bacteria can communicate with each other through a cell-density-dependent mechanism called quorum sensing (QS). QS controls specific bacterial phenotypes, such as sporulation, virulence and pathogenesis, the production of degrading enzymes, bioluminescence, swarming motility, and biofilm formation. The expression of these phenotypes in food spoiling and pathogenic bacteria, which may occur in food, can have dramatic consequences on food production, the economy, and health.
  • 1.4K
  • 23 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Africa Vaccine Technology Transfer
The rampant spread of the COVID-19 infection poses a grave and formidable challenge to global healthcare, with particular concern to the inhabitants of the African continent. In response to these pressing concerns, different strategies have been employed to combat the emergence of this insidious disease, encompassing crucial measures such as physical distancing, the utilization of face masks, meticulous hand hygiene, and widespread vaccination campaigns.
  • 1.4K
  • 15 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Resistance of VBNC Bacteria
 Antimicrobial Resistance of VBNC Bacteria means the bacteria that enter the viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state, either through unfavorable environmental conditions or through potentially lethal stress, lose their ability to grow on standard enrichment media, but show a drastically increased tolerance against antimicrobials including antibiotics.
  • 1.4K
  • 16 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Malassezia Species as Commensals in Humans
Malassezia spp. are commensals of the skin, oral/sinonasal cavity, lower respiratory and gastrointestinal tract. Eighteen species have been recovered from humans, other mammals and birds. They can also be isolated from diverse environments, suggesting an evolutionary trajectory of adaption from an ecological niche in plants and soil to the mucocutaneous ecosystem of warm-blooded vertebrates.
  • 1.4K
  • 20 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Gut-Brain Axis in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex behavioral syndrome that is characterized by speech and language disorders, intellectual impairment, learning and motor dysfunctions. Several genetic and environmental factors are suspected to affect the ASD phenotype including air pollution, exposure to pesticides, maternal infections, inflammatory conditions, dietary factors or consumption of antibiotics during pregnancy.  Many children with ASD shows abnormalities in gastrointestinal (GI) physiology, including increased intestinal permeability, overall microbiota alterations, and gut infection. Moreover, they are “picky eaters” and the existence of specific sensory patterns in ASD patients could represent one of the main aspects in hampering feeding. GI disorders are associated with an altered composition of the gut microbiota. Gut microbiome is able to communicate with brain activities through microbiota-derived signaling molecules, immune mediators, gut hormones as well as vagal and spinal afferent neurons. Since the diet induces changes in the intestinal microbiota and in the production of molecules, such as the SCFA, we wanted to investigate the role that nutritional intervention can have on GI microbiota composition and thus on its influence on behavior, GI symptoms and microbiota composition and report which are the beneficial effect on ASD condition.
  • 1.4K
  • 23 Nov 2021
Topic Review
The STEC–MFG Association
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are zoonotic Gram-negative bacteria. While raw milk cheese consumption is healthful, contamination with pathogens such as STEC can occur due to poor hygiene practices at the farm level. STEC infections cause mild to serious symptoms in humans. The raw milk cheese-making process concentrates certain milk macromolecules such as proteins and milk fat globules (MFGs), allowing the intrinsic beneficial and pathogenic microflora to continue to thrive. MFGs are surrounded by a biological membrane, the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), which has a globally positive health effect, including inhibition of pathogen adhesion.
  • 1.4K
  • 22 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Antarctic cryptoendolithic communities
The Antarctic cryptoendolithic communities are self-supporting assemblages of phototrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms, including bacteria, Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta and both free-living and lichen-forming fungi. These are among the most stress-resistant organisms known to date, constantly living to the edge of their physiological adaptability.
  • 1.4K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Fermentative Foods
Fermented foods identify cultures and civilizations. History, climate and the particulars of local production of raw materials have urged humanity to exploit various pathways of fermentation to produce a wide variety of traditional edible products which represent adaptations to specific conditions.
  • 1.4K
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Phage-Bacteria Interactions
With the increasing global threat of antibiotic resistance, there is an urgent need to develop new effective therapies to tackle antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Bacteriophage therapy is considered as a possible alternative over antibiotics to treat antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Bacteria can evolve resistance towards bacteriophages through antiphage defense mechanisms, which is a major limitation of phage therapy. The antiphage mechanisms target the phage life cycle, including adsorption, the injection of DNA, synthesis, the assembly of phage particles, and the release of progeny virions.
  • 1.4K
  • 21 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Beehive Products as Antibacterial Agents
Apitherapy is a branch of unconventional medicine that relies on the usage of bee products which consist of honey, pollen, propolis, royal jelly and bee venom (BV). Besides having high nutritional importance and health benefits, honey showed antifungal, antiviral, antiseptic, anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and cardio protective activities. As for the BV, despite its possible adverse effects like the allergic reactions that might occur after the bee sting, one cannot disregard its various therapeutic effects. BV exerts anticancer, antiviral, antifungal and antibacterial effects, it is also used for the treatment of many neurodegenerative diseases. Regarding propolis, it has the capacity to fight against cancer and many microorganisms. Moreover, pollen possesses antioxidant, anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory properties. Also, royal jelly exhibits several interesting biological activities including antioxidant, anti-aging, antitumor anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and neurotrophic activities. Hence, this review aims to highlight one of the most important and commonly shared biological activity of all of the above-mentioned beehive products, which is the antibacterial activity.
  • 1.4K
  • 12 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Peptides Synergy with Vancomycin
There is an urgent and imminent need to develop new antimicrobials to fight against antibiotic-resistant bacterial and fungal strains. In this study, a checkerboard method was used to evaluate the synergistic effects of the antimicrobial peptide P-113 and its bulky non-nature amino acid substituted derivatives with vancomycin against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, and wild-type Escherichia coli. Boron-dipyrro-methene (BODIPY) labeled vancomycin was used to characterize the interactions between the peptides, vancomycin, and bacterial strains. Moreover, neutralization of antibiotic-induced releasing of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli by the peptides was obtained. Among these peptides, Bip-P-113 demonstrated the best minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs), antibiotics synergism, bacterial membrane permeabilization, and supernatant LPS neutralizing activities against the bacteria studied. These results could help in developing antimicrobial peptides that have synergistic activity with large size glycopeptides such as vancomycin in therapeutic applications.
  • 1.4K
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Pandemrix
Pandemrix is an influenza vaccine for influenza pandemics, such as the 2009 flu pandemic. The vaccine was developed by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) and patented in September 2006. The vaccine was one of the H1N1 vaccines approved for use by the European Commission in September 2009, upon the recommendations of the European Medicines Agency (EMEA). The vaccine is only approved for use when an H1N1 influenza pandemic has been officially declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) or European Union (EU). The vaccine was initially developed as a pandemic mock-up vaccine using an H5N1 strain. Pandemrix was found to be associated with an increased risk of narcolepsy following investigations by Swedish and Finnish health authorities and had higher rates of adverse events than other vaccines for H1N1. This resulted in several legal cases. Stanford University studies suggested that narcolepsy is an autoimmune disease and that it appears to be triggered by upper airway respiratory infections.
  • 1.4K
  • 06 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Phage Therapy for Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections
The production and use of antibiotics increased significantly after the Second World War due to their effectiveness against bacterial infections. However, bacterial resistance also emerged and has now become an important global issue. Those most in need are typically high-risk and include individuals who experience burns and other wounds, as well as those with pulmonary infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter sp, and Staphylococcus sp. With investment to develop new antibiotics waning, finding and developing alternative therapeutic strategies to tackle this issue is imperative. One option remerging in popularity is bacteriophage (phage) therapy. 
  • 1.4K
  • 07 Mar 2023
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