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Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Effect of Probiotics on Host-Microbial Crosstalk: A Review on Strategies to Combat Diversified Strain of Coronavirus
The scare of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), does not seem to fade away, while there is a constant emergence of novel deadly variants including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron. Until now, it has claimed approximately 276,436,619 infections, and the number of deaths surpluses to 5,374,744 all over the world. While saving the life has been a priority during the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the post-infection healing and getting back to normalcy has been undermined. Improving general health conditions and immunity with nutritional adequacy is currently of precedence for the government as well as frontline health workers to prevent and assuage infections. Exploring the role of probiotics and prebiotics in managing the after-effects of a viral outbreak could be of great significance, considering the emergence of new variants every now and then. To enhance human immunity, the recent evidence on the connection between gut microbiota and the broad spectrum of the clinical COVID-19 disease is the reason to look at the benefits of probiotics in improving health conditions. This review aims to sketch out the prospective role of probiotics and prebiotics in improving the standard of health in common people.
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Jul 2026
Topic Review
Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction in Horses
Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is the most common endocrine disorder of geriatric horses, affecting 20–25% of horses over the age of 15 years. Since the disease was first described in 1932, considerable research has been conducted investigating PPID pathophysiology, prevalence of clinical signs, appropriate diagnostic techniques and treatment. In recent years, awareness of PPID among horse owners has grown, and veterinarians are increasingly testing for underlying endocrinopathies. An increase in awareness has led to a substantial increase in research conducted in the field of equine endocrinology. 
  • 1.1K
  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Esterification of Docosahexaenoic Acid  in Brain Diseases
Docosahexaenoic acid-containing lysophosphatidylcholine (DHA-LysoPC) is presented as the main transporter of DHA from blood plasma to the brain. This is related to the major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein 2A (Mfsd2a) symporter expression in the blood–brain barrier that recognizes the various lyso-phospholipids that have choline in their polar head. In order to stabilize the DHA moiety at the sn-2 position of LysoPC, the sn-1 position was esterified by the shortest acetyl chain, creating the structural phospholipid 1-acetyl,2-docosahexaenoyl-glycerophosphocholine (AceDoPC). This small structure modification allows the maintaining of the preferential brain uptake of DHA over non-esterified DHA. Additional properties were found for AceDoPC, such as antioxidant properties, especially due to the aspirin-like acetyl moiety, as well as the capacity to generate acetylcholine in response to the phospholipase D cleavage of the polar head. Esterification of DHA within DHA-LysoPC or AceDoPC could elicit more potent neuroprotective effects against neurological diseases.
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Daejongism
Daejongism (Korean: 대종교, romanized: 大倧敎 Daejonggyo or Taejongkyo, "religion of the Divine Progenitor" or "great ancestral religion":192) or Dangunism (Korean: 단군교, romanized: 檀君敎 Dangungyo or Tangunkyo, "religion of Dangun") is the name of a number of religious movements within the framework of Korean shamanism, focused on the worship of Dangun (or Tangun). There are around seventeen of these groups, the main one of which was founded in Seoul in 1909 by Na Cheol (나철, 1864-1916). Dangunists believe their mythos to be the authentic Korean native religion, that was already around as Gosindo (古神道, "way of the Ancestral God" or "ancient way of God") at the time of the first Mongol invasions of Korea, and that was revived as "Daejongism" (Daejonggyo) just at the start of the Japanese occupation. The religion was suppressed during the Japanese rule. The religion believes in one God manifested in three persons, whose earthly incarnation was the legendary king Dangun, who ruled over a Korean empire around 5000 years ago. Its main tenet is that the Koreans have their own God and they have no need to worship foreign gods. Its emphasis is on the national identity and unity of the Korean people (known as minjok) and as such has been associated with Korean nationalism (and sometimes ultranationalism).:193 Daejongism does not focus so much on institutions or rituals but rather on central doctrines and associated mythologies, so that it is more definable as a creed or a faith system rather than an organized religion. In the decade of 1910-1920, it had its major growth, reaching an estimated following of 400,000. Its popularity was largely due to its efforts on behalf of Korean independence. Once this aim was achieved, its membership declined, although Daejongism acquired a reputation for its educational and scholarly institutions, which published in particular monumental works about Korea's struggle for independence and Daejongism's contribution to it. A 1995 census found that fewer than 10,000 Koreans claimed to follow the religion, although Korean census figures systematically underestimate the number of followers of new religions, who are often reluctant to indicate their religious affiliation.
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Translation Impairment in Neurodegeneration
Protein synthesis is a strictly controlled molecular process because of its central role in different key cellular events, including homeostasis maintenance and response to extra- and intracellular cues. Increasing evidence suggests a dysfunction of the translation machinery in different neurodegenerative disorders. These dysfunctions are characterized by the accumulation of pathological protein aggregates, which could reflect defects in both ribosome and ribosome-associated activities.
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Autoimmune Gut Diseases and COVID-19 Vaccines
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic raised many challenges for all patients with chronic conditions and those with autoimmune diseases, both adults and children. Autoimmune diseases are characterized by hyperreactivity of the immune system and loss of immune tolerance, which damage and destroy healthy tissues, cells, and organs.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Quercetin against Neurodegenerative Diseases Progression
Berries are well-known fruits for their antioxidant effects due to their high content of flavonoids, and quercetin is one of the potent bioactive flavonoids. Although oxidative stress is an inevitable outcome in cells due to energy uptake and metabolism and other factors, excessive oxidative stress is considered a pivotal mediator for the cell death and leads to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Furthermore, oxidative stress triggers inflammation that leads to neuronal cell loss. Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and so on are the main neurodegenerative diseases.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Animal Health Components in a Biosurveillance System
Biosurveillance defines the process of gathering, integrating, interpreting, and communicating essential information related to all-hazards threats or disease activity affecting human, animal, or plant health to achieve early detection and warning, contribute to overall situational awareness of the health aspects of an incident, and to enable better decision making for action at all levels. Animal health surveillance is an important component within biosurveillance systems comprising a continuum of activities from detecting biological threats, to analyzing relevant data, to managing identified threats, and embracing a One Health concept. The animal health community can strengthen biosurveillance by adopting various developments such as increasing the alignment, engagement, and participation of stakeholders in surveillance systems, exploring new data streams, improving integration and analysis of data streams for decision-making, enhancing research and application of social sciences and behavioral methods in animal health surveillance, and performing timely evaluation of surveillance systems.
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Pharmacological Modulation of Temporal Discounting
Temporal discounting is a phenomenon where a reward loses its value as a function of time (e.g., a reward is more valuable immediately than when it delays in time). This is a type of intertemporal decision-making that has an association with impulsivity and self-control. Many pathologies exhibit higher discounting rates, meaning they discount more the values of rewards, such as addictive behaviors, bipolar disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders, social anxiety disorders, and major depressive disorder, among others.
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Robotic Process Automation Adoption in Beef Supply Chains
Robotic process automation (RPA) is seen as an emerging technology that can accelerate business processes through the automation of repetitive, strenuous, and rule-based tasks in supply chain systems. RPA is often referred to as software robotics or “bots”, and follows instructions defined by the end-users to automate repetitive processes or activities in business organisations.
  • 1.1K
  • 22 May 2023
Topic Review
Development of the Colorectal Cancer Obstructive Mechanism
The spontaneous evolution of colorectal cancer is always burdened by complications. The most common complication is low bowel obstruction, found in approximately 20% of the cases of colorectal cancer, and it can occur either relatively abruptly, or is preceded by initially discrete premonitory symptoms, non-specific (until advanced evolutionary stages) and generally neglected or incorrectly interpreted. Success in the complex treatment of a low neoplastic obstruction is conditioned by a complete diagnosis, adequate pre-operative preparation, a surgical act adapted to the case (in one, two or three successive stages), and dynamic postoperative care. The moment of surgery should be chosen with great care and is the result of the experience of the anesthetic-surgical team. The operative act must be adapted to the case and has as its main objective the resolution of intestinal obstruction and only in a secondary way the resolution of the generating disease.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 May 2023
Topic Review
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection for Avian Genome Editing
Poultry are one of the most valuable resources for human society. They are also recognized as a powerful experimental animal for basic research on embryogenesis. Demands for the supply of low-allergen eggs and bioreactors have increased with the development of programmable genome editing technology. The CRISPR/Cas9 system has recently been used to produce transgenic animals and various animals in the agricultural industry and has also been successfully adopted for the modification of chicken and quail genomes.
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Romanian Healthcare System—Structure and Role in Social Prescribing
Social prescribing initiatives are tailored coaching programs created to assist participants in improving their personal circumstances and might constitute a creative way to enhance public and preventive health as researchers work toward providing universal financially sustainable healthcare.
  • 1.1K
  • 04 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Drone Fault Detection Based on Failure Mode Databases
Drones have become an indispensable component of modern equipment systems, and as the number of components in these systems continues to increase, so does their complexity. Consequently, the requirements for system quality—particularly reliability, maintainability, and functionality—are also becoming increasingly stringent. Sensor data fusion, fault detection, fault-tolerant estimation, and fault-tolerant control are all important means of ensuring UAV safety. Among these methods, researchers tend to place particular emphasis on fault detection, which can be broadly divided into two categories: model-based approaches and data-driven approache.
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Fluorine-Containing Glycomimetics
Glycomimetics, which are synthetic molecules designed to mimic the structures and functions of natural carbohydrates, have been developed to overcome the limitations associated with natural carbohydrates. The fluorination of carbohydrates has emerged as a promising solution to dramatically enhance the metabolic stability, bioavailability, and protein-binding affinity of natural carbohydrates.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Reentry Arrhythmia in Cardiac Tissue Models
Cardiac arrhythmias are a major cause of cardiovascular mortality worldwide. Many arrhythmias are caused by reentry, a phenomenon where excitation waves circulate in the heart. Optical mapping techniques have revealed the role of reentry in arrhythmia initiation and fibrillation transition, but the underlying biophysical mechanisms are still difficult to investigate in intact hearts.
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Molina's Hog-nosed Skunk
Molina's Hog-nosed Skunk, scientifically known as Conepatus chinga, is a species of skunk native to South America, particularly found in regions of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay. Recognizable by its distinct hog-like snout and characteristic black and white fur markings, Molina's Hog-nosed Skunk is primarily nocturnal and solitary, inhabiting a variety of habitats including grasslands, scrublands, and forests. Despite its common association with its pungent defensive spray, this skunk species plays a vital ecological role as a predator of small vertebrates and insects within its ecosystem.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived sEV
Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) are a group of particles of nanometric size, released by virtually all cells. These vesicles function as biologic messengers, carrying proteins, lipids and nucleic acids as a form of paracrine cellular communication. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a priviledged source of sEV, due to its abundance in naïve cells with strong regenerative and immunomodulatory potential. Hence, UCB-derived sEV can be exploited for their therapeutic properties, taking advantage of nature's tools for achieving homeostasis.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Energy-Sustainable Renovation of Building Envelopes
The EU’s low carbon transition relies on the building sector as one of its main pillars, given that around 85% of the 160 million buildings within the EU are thermally inefficient. The energy-sustainable renovation of building envelopes calls for a comprehensive approach from initial design phases to construction, while balancing a series of factors, e.g., function and aesthetics, energy savings and environmental concerns, as well as cost-effectiveness.
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Cell Line Support Arthropod Immunity
Many insect and tick species are serious pests, because insects damage crop plants and, along with ticks, transmit a wide range of human and animal diseases. One way of controlling these pests is by impairing their immune system, which protects them from bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. An important tool for studying immunity is using long-lasting cell cultures, known as cell lines. Cell line research is a powerful method for understanding how invertebrates mount defenses against pathogenic organisms and testing hypotheses on how these responses occur. In particular, immortal arthropod cell lines are valuable tools, providing a tractable, high-throughput, cost-effective, and consistent platform to investigate the mechanisms underpinning insect and tick immune responses. Here we review how cell line research results inform the controls of medically and agriculturally important insects and ticks.
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Oct 2021
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