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Topic Review
Microbiota-Derived Butyrate in Colorectal Cancer
Butyrate is one of the main short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties in colorectal cancer (CRC). Increased daily intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) significantly increases the density of bacteria that are known to produce butyrate. Omega-3 PUFAs have been proposed as a treatment to prevent gut microbiota dysregulation and lower the risk or progression of CRC.
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Pharmacology of Biosimilars
Testing in animals is an old routine used for new drugs to avoid serious toxicity to humans. However, biological drugs may not always show a pharmacologic response in animal species; thus, the toxicity is an extension of the pharmacological response for biological drugs. Clinical pharmacology comparisons comprise the most relevant testing to support the biosimilarity of a biosimilar candidate. When a novel drug is developed, PK/PD testing is carried out on many volunteers to understand the diversity of disposition in terms of gender, age, and genetic distribution.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Anomaly Electricity Usage Behavior
Due to the climate crisis, energy-saving issues and carbon reduction have become the top priority for all countries. Owing to the increasing popularity of advanced metering infrastructure and smart meters, the cost of acquiring data on residential electricity consumption has substantially dropped. This change promotes the analysis of residential electricity consumption, which features both small and complicated consumption behaviors, using machine learning to become an important research topic among various energy saving and carbon reduction measures.
  • 1.1K
  • 23 May 2022
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence in Combating Antimicrobial Resistance
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of science and engineering that focuses on the computational understanding of intelligent behavior. Many human professions, including clinical diagnosis and prognosis, are greatly useful from AI. The rising incidence of antimicrobial resistance has become a significant issue, and authorities must take measures to combat the overuse and incorrect use of antibiotics in order to combat rising resistance rates. When it comes to infectious diseases, AI has the potential to be a game-changer in the battle against antibiotic resistance. 
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Clinical Use of the Suppression Head Impulse Paradigm
he instrumental assessment of the vestibular system has made significant progress. Two protocol tests are available in the clinical practice to evaluate the vestibular ocular reflex (VOR) function through the use of the video head impulse test (vHIT): the head impulse paradigm (HIMP) and the suppression head impulse paradigm (SHIMP). These tests can be used alone (in the case of HIMP) or in combination to test semicircular canal function and to determine the residual VOR gain and the visuo-vestibular interaction. The suppression head impulse paradigm (SHIMP) has a potential clinical application in patients with unilateral and bilateral vestibulopathy. The SHIMP could be a useful tool to diagnose a VOR alteration in patients with unilateral and bilateral vestibulopathy. Further well-designed studies are needed to evaluate if the new paradigm could replace the HIMP in both the acute and chronic phases of vestibulopathy.
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Design and Challenges of Antibiotic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers
Antibiotics constitute one of the emerging categories of persistent organic pollutants, characterised by their expansion of resistant pathogens. Antibiotic pollutants create a major public health challenge, with already identifiable detrimental effects on human and animal health. A fundamental aspect of controlling and preventing the spread of pollutants is the continuous screening and monitoring of environmental samples. Molecular imprinting is a state-of-the-art technique for designing robust biomimetic receptors called molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), which mimic natural biomolecules in target-selective recognition. When integrated with an appropriate sensor transducer, MIP demonstrates a potential for the needed environmental monitoring, thus justifying the observed rise in interest in this field of research. 
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Competitiveness for Smart Technology Diffusion of Construction Industry
The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) emerged as a major issue at the 2016 World Economic Forum in Davos. Countries are trying to implement various policies from a preemptive point of view to respond to the fourth industrial revolution. Especially, the construction industry is also going through huge technological innovations, affected by 4IR. And technological innovation leads to improvements in various project outcomes and is a key factor that greatly affects the development of the construction industry.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Zuytdorp
The VOC Zuytdorp also Zuiddorp (meaning "South Village", after Zuiddorpe, a still existing village in the South of Zeeland, near the Belgian border) was an 18th-century trading ship of the Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie, commonly abbreviated VOC). On 1 August 1711 it was dispatched from the Netherlands to the trading port of Batavia (now Jakarta, Indonesia) bearing a load of freshly minted silver coins. Many trading ships of the time travelled a "fast route" using the strong Roaring Forties winds to carry them across the Indian Ocean to within sight of the west coast of Australia, (then called New Holland) whence they would make a turn north towards Batavia. The Zuytdorp never arrived at its destination. No search was undertaken, presumably because the VOC had no idea whether and where the ship had been wrecked or taken by pirates and possibly due to prior expensive but fruitless attempts to search for other missing ships, even when an approximate wreck location was known. As a result Zuytdorp and its entire complement were never heard from again. Their fate was unknown until the mid-20th century when the wreck site was identified on a remote part of the Western Australian coast between Kalbarri and Shark Bay, approximately 40 km north of the Murchison River. This rugged section of coastline was subsequently named the Zuytdorp Cliffs, was the preserve of the Indigenous inhabitants and one of the last great wildernesses until the advent of the sheep stations established there in the late 19th century. Something, perhaps a violent storm, occurred and the Zuytdorp was wrecked on a desolate section of the West Australian coast. Survivors scrambled ashore and camped near the wreck site. With no European settlements anywhere on the coast they built bonfires from the wreckage to signal fellow trading ships that would pass within sight of the coast. But fires seen in the vicinity tended to be dismissed as "native fires" as appears to have happened in the case of Vergulde Draeck in 1656. It has been speculated that survivors may have traded with or may have intermarried with the local Aboriginal communities between present-day Kalbarri and Shark Bay. It is also possible that intermarriage occurred in the case of a predecessor to the Zuytdorp, the infamous VOC Batavia, wrecked on the Houtman Abrolhos islands offshore. After a mutiny, atrocities, massacres and trials, two of the mutineers were marooned on the Australian mainland, near the Murchison River (for details about these two mutineers see castaway). News of an unidentified shipwreck on the shore surfaced in 1834 when Aborigines told a farmer near the recently colonised Perth about a wreck the colonists presumed it was a recent wreck and sent rescue parties who failed to find the wreck or any survivors. The details provided (90 days walk, and coins on the beach), tend to point to the Zuytdorp; however. In 1927, wreckage was seen by an Indigenous-European family group (comprising Ada and Ernest Drage, Tom and Lurleen Pepper and the women's father Charlie Mallard) on a clifftop near the border of Murchison house and Tamala Stations where they all worked. Tamala Station head stockman, Tom Pepper later reported the find to the authorities, their first expedition to the site occurring in 1941. In 1954 Pepper gave Phillip Playford directions and it was he who subsequently identified the relics as from Zuytdorp.
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Canadian Fairmile Type B
The Canadian Fairmile type B was a type of motor launch originally designed for the Royal Navy (RN) by W.J. Holt of the British Admiralty and built by British boatbuilder Fairmile Marine. During the Second World War, eighty-eight Fairmile type B boats, with slight modifications for Canadian climatic and operational conditions, were built in Canada for service with the Coastal Forces of the Royal Canadian Navy in home waters. As one former Fairmile Captain described them, "sheathed for operation in ice and displacing 100 tons, they were indeed veritable 'Little Fighting Ships'."
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Service Loose Coupling Principle
Within the service-orientation design paradigm, service loose coupling is a design principle that is applied to the services in order to ensure that the service contract is not tightly coupled to the service consumers and to the underlying service logic and implementation. This results in service contracts that could be freely evolved without affecting either the service consumers or the service implementation.
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Chemotherapy Resistance of Ovarian Cancer
Chemotherapy resistance of ovarian cancer, regarded as the most lethal malignant gynecological disease, can be explained by several mechanisms, including increased activity of efflux transporters leading to decreased intracellular drug accumulation, increased efflux of the therapeutic agents from the cell by multidrug-resistance-associated protein (MRP1), enhanced DNA repair, altered apoptotic pathways, silencing of a number of genes, as well as drug inactivation.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Applications of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials as Antimicrobials
Antimicrobial activities of various carbon-based nanomaterials against specific pathogens have become one of the most significant research interests in this field. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising multidisciplinary nanostructures in biomedicine, drug delivery, genetic engineering, biosensors, and artificial implants. However, the biomedical administration of CNTs is dependent on their solubility, toxicity, and biocompatibility, as well as novel drug-delivery applications through optimization of the drug’s loading capacity, cellular absorption, and continuous release within the target cell. The usage of CNTs and Graphene materials as antimicrobial agents and nanocarriers for antibiotics delivery would possibly improve their bioavailability and facilitate better anti-infective therapy.
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Effects of Metformin Delivery
Bone tissue engineering is a promising approach that uses seed-cell-scaffold drug delivery systems to reconstruct bone defects caused by trauma, tumors, or other diseases (e.g., periodontitis). Metformin, a widely used medication for type II diabetes, has the ability to enhance osteogenesis and angiogenesis by promoting cell migration and differentiation. Metformin promotes osteogenic differentiation, mineralization, and bone defect regeneration via activation of the AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. Bone tissue engineering depends highly on vascular networks for adequate oxygen and nutrition supply. 
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Phytate, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Health
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is an endocrine disorder that is characterized by hyperglycemia with alterations in carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. Microvascular and macrovascular complications are the main concerns in patients living with poor T2DM control. Phytate intake can play a role in controlling hyperglycemia but, more importantly, also in reducing cardiovascular risk by different mechanisms. 
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Carbon Dot-Based Fluorescent Detection of Biothiols
Biothiols, such as cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH), play a vital role in gene expression, maintaining redox homeostasis, reducing damages caused by free radicals/toxins, etc. Likewise, abnormal levels of biothiols can lead to severe diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), neurotoxicity, hair depigmentation, liver/skin damage, etc. To quantify the biothiols in a biological system, numerous low-toxic probes, such as fluorescent quantum dots, emissive organic probes, composited nanomaterials, etc., have been reported with real-time applications.
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Battery Electric Vehicles and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles
During the last few years, electric and hydrogen vehicles have become an alternative to cars that use internal combustion engines. The number of electric and hydrogen vehicles sold has increased due to support from local governments and because car manufacturers will stop the production of internal combustion engines in the near future. The emissions of these vehicles while being driven are zero, but they still have an impact on the environment due to their fuel.
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Mimosa Kinetic Façade
In light of pressing global health concerns, the significance of indoor air quality in densely populated structures has been emphasized. The mimosa kinetic façade is an innovative design inspired by the adaptive responsiveness of the Mimosa plant to environmental stimuli. Traditional static architectural façades often hinder natural ventilation, leading to diminished air quality with potential health and cognitive repercussions. The Mimosa kinetic façade addresses these challenges by enhancing effective airflow and facilitating the removal of airborne contaminants. 
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Opioid Addiction Science and Society
Opioid abuse and misuse have led to an epidemic which is currently spreading worldwide. Since the number of opioid overdoses is still increasing, it is becoming obvious that current rather un-systematic approaches to tackle this health problem are not effective. This review suggests that fighting the opioid epidemic requires a structured public health approach. Therefore, it is important to consider not only scientific and biomedical perspectives, but societal implications and the lived experience of groups at risk as well.
  • 1.1K
  • 20 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Pathophysiology of Ventricular Tachycardia
The use of catheter-based irreversible electroporation in clinical cardiac laboratories, termed pulsed-field ablation (PFA), is gaining international momentum among cardiac electrophysiology proceduralists for the non-thermal management of both atrial and ventricular tachyrhythmogenic substrates. One area of potential application for PFA is in the mitigation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) risk in the setting of ischemia-mediated myocardial fibrosis, as evidenced by recently published clinical case reports. The efficacy of tissue electroporation has been documented in other branches of science and medicine.
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Surfactants as Performance-Enhancing Additives in Supercapacitor Electrolyte Solutions
Wetting the surface area of an electrode material as completely as possible is desirable to achieve optimum specific capacity of an electrode material. Keeping this surface area utilized even at high current densities and even when inside small pores is required for high capacitance retention. The addition of surfactants at small concentrations to aqueous supercapacitor electrolyte solutions has been suggested as a way to improve performance in terms of capacitance, capacitance retention at increased current density and stability. Effects are pronounced with carbon materials used in electrochemical double-layer capacitors; they are also observed with redox materials. 
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Jan 2024
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