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Topic Review
Organic Consumers' Purchasing Motives for Heirloom Vegetable Varieties
Agrobiodiversity is the foundation of our ecosystems and food supply. However, agrobiodiversity is declining rapidly. A prominent strategy to safeguard endangered varieties, an important component of agrobiodiversity, is their cultivation and preservation in their natural environments. In order to make the cultivation of these varieties attractive to farmers, a functioning value chain and communication concepts for these goods have to be developed. Plant genetic resources comprise the genetic variety between and within species. This includes land-races, which are also known as farmers’ varieties or underutilized crops. Heirloom vegetable varieties are a vital part of those resources. They are currently not in commercial use, as they have been forgotten, lost their commercial importance, or have been replaced by modern varieties. Consumers generally show a positive attitude towards heirloom varieties. They are associated with “nature/natural”, “native/from here”, “regional”, “traditional”, and an intensive taste.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Colorization of Brain Images for Tumor Detection
The early automated identification of brain tumors is a difficult task in MRI images. Continuous research efforts have floated a new idea of replacing different grayscale anatomic regions of diagnostic images with appropriate colors that could overcome the problems being faced by radiologists. The colorization of grayscale images is challenging for enhancing various regions’ contrasts by transforming grayscale images into high-contrast color images. 
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Surface Defect Detection of Strip-Steel
Surface-defect detection is crucial for assuring the quality of strip-steel manufacturing. Strip-steel surface-defect detection requires defect classification and precision localization, which is a challenge in real-world applications.
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Set Notation
Sets are fundamental objects in mathematics. Intuitively, a set is merely a collection of elements or members. There are various conventions for textually denoting sets. In any particular situation, an author typically chooses from among these conventions depending on which properties of the set are most relevant to the immediate context or on which perspective is most useful.
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Glucomannan in Dendrobium catenatum
Dendrobium catenatum is a classical and precious dual-use plant for both medicine and food in China. It was first recorded in Shen Nong’s Herbal Classic, and has the traditional functions of nourishing yin, antipyresis, tonifying the stomach, and promoting fluid production. The stem is its medicinal part and is rich in active polysaccharide glucomannan. As an excellent dietary fiber, glucomannan has been experimentally confirmed to be involved in anti-cancer, enhancing immunity, lowering blood sugar and blood lipids, etc.
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Mammalian Target of Rapamycin and Cancer
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a highly conserved serine/threonine-protein kinase, which regulates many biological processes related to metabolism, cancer, immune function, and aging. It is an essential protein kinase that belongs to the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) family and has two known signaling complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). Even though mTOR signaling plays a critical role in promoting mitochondria-related protein synthesis, suppressing the catabolic process of autophagy, contributing to lipid metabolism, engaging in ribosome formation, and acting as a critical regulator of mRNA translation, it remains one of the significant signaling systems involved in the tumor process, particularly in apoptosis, cell cycle, and cancer cell proliferation. Therefore, the mTOR signaling system could be suggested as a cancer biomarker, and its targeting is important in anti-tumor therapy research. 
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Biological Functions of Jasmonates Signaling Pathway in Crops
Jasmonates (JAs) are phospholipid-derived hormones that regulate plant development and responses to environmental stress. In crops, the published findings indicate that the biological functions of JAs mainly included the promotion of fruit ripening at the initial stage via ethylene-dependent and independent ways, the regulation of mature coloring via regulating the degradation of chlorophyll and the metabolism of anthocyanin, and the improvement of aroma components via the regulation of fatty acid and aldehyde alcohol metabolism. Meanwhile, JA signaling pathways also have functions in the enhancement of biotic and abiotic stress resistance via the regulation of secondary metabolism and the redox system, and relieve cold damage to crops through improving the stability of the cell membrane in agricultural crops and products.
  • 1.1K
  • 15 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Blue Light and Eye Damage
Personal digital devices, emitting high-energy light, namely in the blue wavelength, have raised concerns about possible harmful effects on users’ eyes. Scientific research history has shown a relationship between exposure to blue light and changes in ocular structures.
  • 1.1K
  • 18 May 2023
Topic Review
Synthetic Methodologies of Indole-3-Carbinol
Indole-3-Carbinol (I3C)  is an important phytochemical contained in cruciferous vegetables and is able to exert various activities among which are cardioprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenesis, and antimicrobial activities, the promotion of tumor cell apoptosis and, an important inhibition of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS)-CoV-2 viral egression, including the Omicron variant.
  • 1.1K
  • 24 May 2023
Topic Review
Chemically Modified Electrodes for the Detection of Antidepressants
Major depressive disorder is a widespread condition with antidepressants as the main pharmacological treatment. However, some patients experience concerning adverse reactions or have an inadequate response to treatment. Analytical chromatographic techniques, among other techniques, are valuable tools for investigating medication complications, including those associated with antidepressants. Nevertheless, there is a growing need to address the limitations associated with these techniques. In recent years, electrochemical (bio)sensors have garnered significant attention due to their lower cost, portability, and precision. Electrochemical (bio)sensors can be used for various applications related to depression, such as monitoring the levels of antidepressants in biological and in environmental samples. They can provide accurate and rapid results, which could facilitate personalized treatment and improve patient outcomes.
  • 1.1K
  • 05 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Credit Card Fraud Detection
With the rapid developments in electronic commerce and digital payment technologies, credit card transactions have increased significantly. Machine learning (ML) has been vital in analyzing customer data to detect and prevent fraud.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Jun 2023
Topic Review
TDMA-Based Radio Frequency Identification Anti-Collision Algorithm
RFID (radio frequency identification) is a self-delivery identification technology that uses radio frequency for non-contact, two-way data exchange. It uses special tags that contain information about the object, which transmit data wirelessly to be read and processed by a reader. 
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Graphene-Enabled Silicon-Based High-Speed Optoelectronic Devices
Silicon (Si) photonics has emerged as a prominent technology for meeting the escalating requirements of high-speed data transmission in optical communication systems. These systems need to be compact, energy-efficient, and capable of handling large amounts of data, driven by the advent of next-generation communication devices.
  • 1.1K
  • 04 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Links between Metabolic Syndrome and Hypertension
Hypertension is defined as repeated elevated office systolic blood pressure (SBP) values over 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP (DBP) over 90 mmHg or average home BP over 135/85 mmHg. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has serious outcomes regarding the individual’s health, with increasing prevalence nowadays and a significant impact on healthcare systems. Its definition varied over time. MetS consists of several conditions, such as hypertension, elevated fasting glucose (over 100 mg/dL) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (less than 40 mg/dL in men or 50 mg/dL in women), high triglycerides concentrations (over 150 mg/dL) and waist circumference over 40 inches (men) or 35 inches (women).
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Cyanobacteria as a Biocatalyst for Biofuel Production
Photosynthetic microorganisms such as algae and cyanobacteria exhibit significant potential as third-generation biofuel catalysts, devoid of the limitations associated with contemporary biofuels. Cyanobacteria, a type of photosynthetic prokaryotes, exhibit significant potential for the direct conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into biofuels, chemicals, and various other valuable compounds. There has been a growing interest in the concept of utilising biological processes to convert carbon dioxide into fuels and chemicals.
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Interleukins as Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Risk factors for CRC include obesity, a diet low in fruits and vegetables, physical inactivity, and smoking. CRC has a poor prognosis, and there is a critical need for new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers to reduce related deaths. Studies have focused more on molecular testing to guide targeted treatments for CRC patients. The most crucial feature of activated immune cells is the production and release of growth factors and cytokines that modulate the inflammatory conditions in tumor tissues. The cytokine network is valuable for the prognosis and pathogenesis of colorectal cancer as they can aid in the cost-effective and non-invasive detection of cancer. A large number of interleukins (IL) released by the immune system at various stages of CRC can act as “biomarkers”. They play diverse functions in colorectal cancer, and include IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-11, IL-17A, IL-22, IL-23, IL-33, TNF, TGF-β, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which are pro-tumorigenic genes. 
  • 1.1K
  • 10 May 2023
Topic Review
McCune-Albright Syndrome
McCune-Albright syndrome is a disorder that affects the bones, skin, and several hormone-producing (endocrine) tissues.
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Postnatal Zika Virus Infection
Although the Zika virus (ZIKV) typically causes mild or no symptoms in adults, during the 2015−2016 outbreak, ZIKV infection in pregnancy resulted in birth defects and neurodevelopmental disorders; however, little is known about the potential impact of ZIKV infection during infancy and early childhood. Considering the neurotropism of ZIKV and the rapidly-developing postnatal brain, it is important to understand how infection during infancy may disrupt neurodevelopment. Emerging clinical evidence supports the hypothesis that ZIKV infection during infancy can result in negative neurologic consequences. However, clinical data regarding postnatal ZIKV infection in children are limited; as such, animal models play an important role in understanding the potential complications of ZIKV infection related to the vulnerable developing brain. Preclinical data provide insight into the potential behavioral, cognitive, and motor domains that clinical studies should examine in pediatric populations exposed to ZIKV during infancy.
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Liquid Biopsy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest cancer. Clinical guidelines for the management of HCC endorse algorithms deriving from clinical variables whose performances to prognosticate HCC is limited. Liquid biopsy is the molecular analysis of tumor by-products released into the bloodstream. It offers minimally-invasive access to circulating analytes like DNA, RNA, exosomes and cells. This technology demonstrated promising results for various applications in cancers, including prognostication. 
  • 1.1K
  • 10 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Autonomous Intelligent Vehicles for Urban
With the concept of Internet-of-Things, autonomous vehicles can provide higher driving efficiency, traffic safety, and freedom for the driver to perform other tasks. This paper first covers enabling technology involving a vehicle moving out of parking, traveling on the road, and parking at the destination. The development of autonomous vehicles relies on the data collected for deployment in actual road conditions. Research gaps and recommendations for autonomous intelligent vehicles are included
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Apr 2021
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