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Topic Review
Treatment for Preterm Brain Injury
With a worldwide incidence of 15 million cases, preterm birth is a major contributor to neonatal mortality and morbidity, and concomitant social and economic burden Preterm infants are predisposed to life-long neurological disorders due to the immaturity of the brain. The risks are inversely proportional to maturity at birth. In the majority of extremely preterm infants (<28 weeks’ gestation), perinatal brain injury is associated with exposure to multiple inflammatory perinatal triggers that include antenatal infection (i.e., chorioamnionitis), hypoxia-ischemia, and various postnatal injurious triggers (i.e., oxidative stress, sepsis, mechanical ventilation, hemodynamic instability).
  • 1.1K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Two-Faced Role of TANs in Tumor Progression
Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) may differentiate into different patterns under the stimulation of different factors, and they play a dual role in the occurrence and progression of tumors in direct or indirect ways.
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Factors Influencing  Insulin Pump Therapy Adherence in Children
Several key factors might improve adherence to insulin pump therapy: efficient communication between care provider and patients (including home-based video-visits), continuous diabetes education, family support and parental involvement, as well as informational, practical assistance, and emotional support from the society.
  • 1.1K
  • 06 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Background of Machine/Deep Learning Approaches on Mental Health
Mental health can be seen as a person’s emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It can be harmed by various mental health conditions, which negatively influence a person’s intellectual capacity, emotions, and social relationships. Machine learning (ML) is a subfield of artificial intelligence (AI) that deals with three problems: classification, regression, and clustering. It utilizes data and algorithms to mimic how people learn while progressively improving accuracy in various tasks.
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of death among cancer patients, and the liver is the most common visceral metastatic. Molecular cancer biomarkers are any measurable molecular indicator of the risk of cancer, the occurrence of cancer, or patient outcome, to help personalize treatment and to identify patients who may benefit most from a specific therapy. They may include germline or somatic genetic variants, epigenetic signatures, transcriptional changes, and proteomic signatures.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Hyalomma Ticks and Human and Animal Health
Ticks are obligatory hematophagous ectoparasites that act as vectors for many important human and livestock pathogens worldwide. Like spiders and scorpions, they belong to the class Arachnida. Within the order Ixodida, most species of ticks belong to one of the two main large families, Argasidae or Ixodidae. The latter are known as “hard” ticks since they have a sclerotized dorsal plaque or scutum. In contrast, those belonging to the family Argasidae lack this physical feature and are therefore known as “soft ticks”. Tick-borne infectious diseases spread following the bite of infected ticks, which can carry and be infected by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Some of the most important bacteria-infecting ticks include species of the genera Rickettsia, Borrelia, Francisella, Anaplasma, and Ehrlichia, as well as viruses such as the Crimea–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus, the West Nile virus, and the tick-borne encephalitis virus, among others.
  • 1.1K
  • 05 May 2023
Topic Review
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling
Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) is the newest and most promising sample-collection technique for quantitatively analyzing drugs, especially for routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and pharmacokinetic studies. This technique uses an absorbent white tip to absorb a fixed volume of a sample (10–50 µL) within a few seconds (2–4 s), is more flexible, practical, and more straightforward to be applied in the field, and is probably more cost-effective than conventional venous sampling (CVS).
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Approaches for Dyes Remediation
Different types of dyes emanating from textile wastewater have adverse effects on the aquatic environment. Various methods including physical, chemical, and biological strategies are applied in order to reduce the amount of dye pollution in the environment. The development of economical, ecologically acceptable, and efficient strategies for treating dye-containing wastewater is necessary. It has been shown that microbial communities have significant potential for the remediation of hazardous dyes in an environmentally friendly manner.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Employer Branding and Employee Retention in Saudi Arabia
Employer branding is positively and significantly related to relational psychological contracts and employee retention. Furthermore, a relational psychological contract significantly mediates the relationship between employer branding and employee retention.
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Personalization of User Interface and Clustering of Users
Adaptive user interfaces (AUIs) are defined as user interfaces that can change according to user activities. They are designed to adapt to the needs of individual users or groups of users based on their preferences, behavior, and context. These interfaces provide an optimal user experience by adapting interface elements, including layout, content, and functionality, to align with users’ needs and goals. 
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Biological Activities of Asteltoxins
Asteltoxins belong to a group of polyene pyrone mycotoxins that are known to be potent inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthesis and ATP hydrolysis. Asteltoxin A was first isolated from the toxic maize cultures of Aspergillus stellatus. Several attempts have been made to synthesize asteltoxin A, starting with the synthesis of a bis(tetrahydrofuran) moiety that has been demonstrated previously in biosynthetic studies. 
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence-Based Regional Flood Frequency Analysis Methods
Flood is one of the most destructive natural disasters, causing significant economic damage and loss of lives. Numerous methods have been introduced to estimate design floods, which include linear and non-linear techniques. Since flood generation is a non-linear process, the use of linear techniques has inherent weaknesses. To overcome these, artificial intelligence (AI)-based non-linear regional flood frequency analysis (RFFA) techniques have been introduced. 
  • 1.1K
  • 20 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Ventricular Fibrillation
A perennial task is to prevent the occurrence and/or recurrence of most frequent or life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation (AF) and ventricular fibrillation (VF). VF may be lethal in cases without an implantable cardioverter defibrillator or with failure of this device. Incidences of AF, even the asymptomatic ones, jeopardize the patient’s life due to its complication, notably the high risk of embolic stroke. Therefore, there has been a growing interest in subclinical AF screening and searching for novel electrophysiological and molecular markers. Considering the worldwide increase in cases of thyroid dysfunction and diseases, including thyroid carcinoma, we aimed to explore the implication of thyroid hormones in pro-arrhythmic signaling in the pathophysiological setting. The present review provides updated information about the impact of altered thyroid status on both the occurrence and recurrence of cardiac arrhythmias, predominantly AF. Moreover, it emphasizes the importance of both thyroid status monitoring and AF screening in the general population, as well as in patients with thyroid dysfunction and malignancies. Real-world data on early AF identification in relation to thyroid function are scarce. Even though symptomatic AF is rare in patients with thyroid malignancies, who are under thyroid suppressive therapy, clinicians should be aware of potential interaction with asymptomatic AF. It may prevent adverse consequences and improve the quality of life. This issue may be challenging for an updated registry of AF in clinical practice. Thyroid hormones should be considered a biomarker for cardiac arrhythmias screening and their tailored management because of their multifaceted cellular actions.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Oct 2020
Topic Review
GRIN2B-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder
GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder is a condition that affects the nervous system.
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Gene Circuits for Cancer Immunotherapy
Engineered mammalian cells for medical purposes are becoming a clinically relevant reality thanks to advances in synthetic biology that allow enhanced reliability and safety of cell-based therapies. However, their application is still hampered by challenges including time-consuming design-and-test cycle iterations and costs. For example, in the field of cancer immunotherapy, CAR-T cells targeting CD19 have already been clinically approved to treat several types of leukemia, but their use in the context of solid tumors is still quite inefficient, with additional issues related to the adequate quality control for clinical use.
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Limbic Encephalitis
Limbic encephalitis (LE) is a rare cause of encephalitis presenting as an acute and subacute onset of neuropsychiatric manifestations, particularly with memory deficits and confusion as core features, along with seizure occurrence, movement disorders, or autonomic dysfunctions.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy with a high incidence rate in females. 
  • 1.1K
  • 03 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Red Alga Dixoniella grisea
There is an increasing interest in algae-based raw materials for medical, cosmetic or nutraceutical applications. Additionally, the high diversity of physicochemical properties of the different algal metabolites proposes these substances from microalgae as possible additives in the chemical industry. Among the wide range of natural products from red microalgae, research has mainly focused on extracellular polymers for additive use, while this study also considers the cellular components. 
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Cannabis Biomolecule Effects on Cancer Cells
Cancer is a complex family of diseases affecting millions of people worldwide. Gliomas are primary brain tumors that account for ~80% of all malignant brain tumors. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common, invasive, and lethal subtype of glioma. Therapy resistance and intra-GBM tumoral heterogeneity are promoted by subpopulations of glioma stem cells (GSCs). Cannabis sativa produces hundreds of secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, terpenes, and phytocannabinoids. Cannabis is commonly used to treat various medical conditions, and is used in palliative care of cancer patients. The anti-cancer properties of cannabis compounds include cytotoxic, anti-proliferative, and anti-migratory activities on cancer cells and cancer stem cells. Specific combinations of multiple phytocannabinoids act synergistically against cancer cells and may trigger different anti-cancer signaling pathways. Yet, due to scarcity of clinical trials, there remains no solid basis for the anti-cancer therapeutic potential of cannabis compounds.
  • 1.1K
  • 06 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Fungicides Elimination in Agriculture
Fungicides is a class of pesticides that target fungi that is commonly used in conventional farming. The benefits of pesticides are the consequences of their effects: increased productivity, protection of crop losses, vector disease control, and quality of food. Europe’s Farm to Fork strategy aims to boost the development of its organic farming area to 25% of total farmland by 2030. The environmental impacts of fungicides due to their production and application are analyzed, and expected benefits to human health and ecosystem quality due to their elimination are calculated here.
  • 1.1K
  • 20 Apr 2022
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