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Topic Review
Biodegradable Microparticles for Regenerative Medicine
Regenerative medicine is one of the most attractive topics of research worldwide. Different strategies are proposed, and a range of materials of various forms and compositions tailored for tissue engineering are developed, but this approach just started to emerge in clinics. Biodegradable microparticles (MPs) made from degradable and biocompatible polymers, with a mean diameter of ~200 μm, are attractive not only as 3D matrices to multiply cells but also as a scaffold to support tissue rebuilding.
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
High Temperature Superconducting Flux Pumps for Contactless Energization
The development of superconducting technology has seen continuously increasing interest, especially in the area of clean power systems and electrification of transport with low CO2 emission. Electric machines, as the major producer and consumer of the global electrical energy, have played a critical role in achieving zero carbon emission. The superior current carrying capacity of superconductors with zero DC loss opens the way to the next-generation electric machines characterized by much higher efficiency and power density compared to conventional machines. The persistent current mode is the optimal working condition for a superconducting magnet, and thus the energization of superconducting field windings has become a crucial challenge to be tackled, to which high temperature superconducting (HTS) flux pumps have been proposed as a promising solution. An HTS flux pump enables current injection into a closed superconducting coil wirelessly and provides continuous compensation to offset current decay, avoiding excessive cryogenic losses and sophisticated power electronics facilities.
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Light Field Image Super-Resolution
Light fields play important roles in industry, including in 3D mapping, virtual reality and other fields. However, as a kind of high-latitude data, light field images are difficult to acquire and store. Compared with traditional 2D planar images, 4D light field images contain information from different angles in the scene, and thus the super-resolution of light field images needs to be performed not only in the spatial domain but also in the angular domain. In the early days of light field super-resolution research, many solutions for 2D image super-resolution, such as Gaussian models and sparse representations, were also used in light field super-resolution. With the development of deep learning, light field image super-resolution solutions based on deep-learning techniques are becoming increasingly common and are gradually replacing traditional methods.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Universal Functions Originator
Universal Functions Originator, or just UFO, is a new multi-purpose machine learning (ML) computing system that explains everything as pure mathematical equations. These expressions could be simple or highly complicated linear/nonlinear equations. Although the purpose of this technique is similar to that of classical symbolic regression (SR) algorithms, UFO works differently and it has its own mechanism, search space, and building strategy. For example, in UFO, each equation term (of intercepts, weights, exponents, arithmetic operators, and analytic functions) has its own search space and cannot be mixed with others. Also, UFO can be executed by any optimization algorithm, while SR algorithms require some special tree-based optimization algorithms; like genetic programming (GP).
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Tarbell Course in Magic
The Tarbell Course in Magic is a notable encyclopedia of magic amongst professional and amateur magicians. It has eight volumes; the first five were part of the original home-study correspondence course compiled in 1928 by Dr. Harlan Tarbell, the remaining three volumes being added on later. This magic volume series was originally designed as a correspondence course for budding magicians. Once they were collected and bound, the series has become an unparalleled reference standard for magicians. In its impact on the magic world, it is second perhaps in its influence on the art of magic only to Hoffman's Modern Magic, and many professional magicians have based their careers on the Tarbell Course.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Electrospinning in Liver Tissue Engineering
The major goal of liver tissue engineering is to reproduce the phenotype and functions of liver cells, especially primary hepatocytes ex vivo. Several strategies have been explored in the recent past for culturing the liver cells in the most apt environment using biological scaffolds supporting hepatocyte growth and differentiation. Nanofibrous scaffolds have been widely used in the field of tissue engineering for their increased surface-to-volume ratio and increased porosity, and their close resemblance with the native tissue extracellular matrix (ECM) environment. Electrospinning is one of the most preferred techniques to produce nanofiber scaffolds. The various technical aspects of electrospinning that have been employed for scaffold development for different types of liver cells were discussed. The use of synthetic and natural electrospun polymers along with liver ECM in the fabrication of these scaffolds was highlighted. Novel strategies that include modifications, such as galactosylation, matrix protein incorporation, etc., in the electrospun scaffolds that have evolved to support the long-term growth and viability of the primary hepatocytes were also described .
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Laser Cladding Alloying and Composite of Steel Materials
Laser cladding technology is a reliable and efficient surface modification technology, which has been widely used in surface alloying and composite processing of steel materials. Laser cladding alloying and compounding can enhance the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of steel materials.
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Nanodelivery Systems for Herbal/Phytoconstituents
Herbs and spices have been historically characterized as plant components utilized in the diet for their fragrant characteristics, but have no or minimal nutritional value. Herbs and spices, on the other hand, have been found as sources of different phytochemicals with strong antioxidant activity. As a result, phytoconstituents from herbs and spices can be formulated in various forms of nano-drug delivery systems.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Dec 2022
Topic Review
The Challenge of Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma
Perihilar cholangiocarcinomas (pCCA) are rare yet aggressive tumors originating from the bile ducts. While surgery remains the mainstay of treatment, only a minority of patients are amenable to curative resection, and the prognosis of unresectable patients is dismal. The introduction of liver transplantation (LT) after neoadjuvant chemoradiation for unresectable pCCA in 1993 represented a major breakthrough, and it has been associated with 5-year survival rates consistently >50%. Despite these encouraging results, pCCA has remained a niche indication for LT, which is most likely due to the need for stringent candidate selection and the challenges in preoperative and surgical management.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Cybersecurity: Threats, Strategies, and Future Directions
Cybersecurity has become a critical issue in the digital age, as individuals, businesses, and governments face an ever-evolving cyber threat landscape. This research provides an overview of the different types of cyber threats, cybersecurity strategies, current challenges, mitigation strategies, the role of AI in this context, examples of attacks, countries pioneers in this field, and recommendations for policymakers. The research highlights the importance of a multi-layered approach to cybersecurity that incorporates prevention, detection, and response strategies. The research also discusses the potential of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and quantum computing, to revolutionize cybersecurity.
  • 1.1K
  • 22 May 2023
Topic Review
Applications of Antimicrobial Peptide
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), or host defence peptides, are short proteins in various life forms. AMPs may become a promising substitute or adjuvant in pharmaceutical, biomedical, and cosmeceutical uses. Their pharmacological potential has been investigated intensively, especially as antibacterial and antifungal drugs and as promising antiviral and anticancer agents. AMPs exhibit many properties, and some of these have attracted the attention of the cosmetic industry. AMPs are being developed as novel antibiotics to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens and as potential treatments for various diseases, including cancer, inflammatory disorders, and viral infections. In biomedicine, AMPs are being developed as wound-healing agents because they promote cell growth and tissue repair. The immunomodulatory effects of AMPs could be helpful in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. 
  • 1.1K
  • 24 May 2023
Topic Review
Self-Directed Online Learning and Mental Health during COVID-19
During COVID-19, self-directed learning, contrasted with standardized learning, became a necessary and promoted learning method in public schools—one potentially supportive of mental health regularly in public schools through the use of online learning. This is important because negative mental health has been classified as a global crisis, with the highest and lowest student achievers recognized as at greatest risk. 
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Focused Ultrasound for Atherosclerosis Treatment
Focused ultrasound (FUS) has emerged as a promising noninvasive therapeutic modality for treating atherosclerotic arterial disease. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), a noninvasive and precise modality that generates high temperatures at specific target sites within tissues, has shown promising results in reducing plaque burden and improving vascular function. While low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) operates at lower energy levels, promoting mild hyperthermia and stimulating tissue repair processes. 
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Plant Growth Promotion Using Bacillus cereus
Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) appear to be a sensible competitor to conventional fertilization, including mineral fertilizers and chemical plant protection products. Undoubtedly, one of the most interesting bacteria exhibiting plant-stimulating traits is, more widely known as a pathogen, Bacillus cereus. Several environmentally safe strains of B. cereus have been isolated and described, including B. cereus WSE01, MEN8, YL6, SA1, ALT1, ERBP, GGBSTD1, AK1, AR156, C1L, and T4S. These strains have been studied under growth chamber, greenhouse, and field conditions and have shown many significant traits, including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase production or phosphate solubilization, which allows direct plant growth promotion. It includes an increase in biometrics traits, chemical element content (e.g., N, P, and K), and biologically active substances content or activity, e.g., antioxidant enzymes and total soluble sugar. Hence, B. cereus has supported the growth of plant species such as soybean, maize, rice, and wheat. Importantly, some B. cereus strains can also promote plant growth under abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, and heavy metal pollution.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Sep 2023
Topic Review
A Generative Adversarial Network Technique for Ransomware Behavior Prediction
The ransomware attacks threaten not only personal files but also critical infrastructure like smart grids, necessitating early detection before encryption occurs. Current methods, reliant on pre-encryption data, suffer from insufficient and rapidly outdated attack patterns, despite efforts to focus on select features. Such an approach assumes that the same features remain unchanged. This approach proves ineffective due to the polymorphic and metamorphic characteristics of ransomware, which generate unique attack patterns for each new target, particularly in the pre-encryption phase where evasiveness is prioritized. 
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Consumers’ Willingness to Adopt Digital Banking
Even though the literature implies that customers and banking organizations can profit from digital banking in various ways, client adoption of this service is still low, especially in emerging and developing nations. Consumers’ openness to digital services limits their willingness to adopt digital banking, especially mobile banking services. 
  • 1.1K
  • 04 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Diseases with Potential Lectin Pathway Involvement
The complement system is the other major proteolytic cascade in the blood of vertebrates besides the coagulation-fibrinolytic system. Among the three main activation routes of complement, the lectin pathway (LP) has been discovered the latest, and it is still the subject of intense research. Uncontrolled complement activation can contribute to the progression of many diseases (e.g. stroke, kidney diseases, thrombotic complications, and COVID-19). In most cases the lectin pathway has also been implicated. 
  • 1.1K
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Isoflavones
Isoflavones are compounds of plant origin that can be ingested and metabolized by cattle and, subsequently, secreted into bovine milk. They are substances beneficial to human health. An especially healthful substance called equol is ranked among isoflavone metabolites, commonly produced in the digestive tract of cattle. Equol content in milk can be modified by using feedstuffs with different contents of isoflavones or by milk processing and storage.
  • 1.1K
  • 31 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Mycobacterium avium
In this study we characterized adhesins  heparin-binding hemagglutinin (HBHA) and laminin-binding proteins (LBP) from M. intracellulare subsp chimaera intracellulare complex (MCIC) species isolated from patients with a variety of disease expression, examined the role of these adhesins in binding of M. intracellulare to lung epithelial cells and their degree of conservation within the M. intracellulare subsp chimaera intracellulare complex
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Aug 2020
Topic Review
Polymorphisms in Vitamin D-Related Genes
Vitamin D deficiency represents a major healthcare problem. Vitamin D status is influenced by genetic and environmental determinants. Several observational studies have evaluated the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in vitamin D-related genes and vitamin D levels. Nevertheless, little is known about the role of these SNPs in the response to vitamin D supplementation. We conducted an interventional study to define the association between SNPs in vitamin D-related genes and the response to vitamin D supplementation in 100 self-reported healthy women of Arab ancestry for the majority. Methods. A total of 100 healthy female subjects received a weekly oral dose of 50,000 IU vitamin D for 12 weeks. Serum vitamin D concentration and metabolic profiles were measured at baseline and 12 weeks post-vitamin D supplementation. The genotypes of 37 SNPs selected from previously reported vitamin D-related genes have been assessed by Fluidigm genotyping assay. Results. Rs731236 (VDR gene) and rs7116978 (CYP2R1 gene) showed a significant association with vitamin D status. The rs731236 GG genotype and the rs7116978 CC genotype were associated with a “vitamin D sufficiency” state. Rs731236 GG and rs7116978 CC genotypes showed a higher response to vitamin D supplementation. Transcription factor binding site prediction analysis showed altered binding sites for transcription factors according to the different rs7116978 alleles. Interestingly, the 37 SNPs previously established to play a role in vitamin D-related pathways explained very little of the response to vitamin D supplementation in our cohort, suggesting the existence of alternative loci whose number and effect size need to be investigated in future studies. Conclusion. In this paper, we present novel data on vitamin D-related SNPs and response to vitamin D supplementation demonstrating the feasibility of applying functional genomic approaches in interventional studies to assess individual-level responses to vitamin D supplementation.
  • 1.1K
  • 31 Aug 2020
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